Social sustainability in certification schemes for biofuel production: An explorative analysis against the background of land use constraints in Brazil

Energy, Sustainability and Society

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-14

  Mohr, Anna ^a   Bausch, Linda ^b  

^a HOCHSCHULE BREMEN   (Germany)

^b DBFZ DEUTSCHES BIOMASSEFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM GEMEINNÜTZIGE GMBH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Brazil; Ethanol; Land use dynamics; Social sustainability; Voluntary certification schemes

Indexed keywords

BIOFUELS; CROPS; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ETHANOL; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS; AGRICULTURAL SECTOR; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; BRAZIL; LAND USE DYNAMICS; SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA; VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION;

LAND USE;

BIOFUEL; CERTIFICATION; ETHANOL; LAND USE; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; SUSTAINABILITY;

BRAZIL;

EID: 84893491803     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21920567     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2192-0567-3-6     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2012) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009: on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016: 0062:en:PDF. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
2. Maitre E, Meissner Pritchard J (2011) Reporting obligations under the Renewable Energy Directive and the Fuel Quality Directive: an analysis of social sustainability requirements and wider issues. http://www.clientearth.org/reports/ clientearth-briefing-reporting-obligations-renewable-energy-fuel-qualitydirectives-social-sustainability-requirements.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
3. Levidow L (2013) EU criteria for sustainable biofuels: accounting for carbon, depoliticising plunder. Geoforum 44(1):211-223
4. Soimakallio S, Koponen K (2011) How to ensure greenhouse gas emission reductions by increasing the use of biofuels. Biomass Bioenergy 35(8):3504-3513
5. Frank S, Bottcher H, Havlik P, Valin H, Mosnier A, Obersteiner M, Schmid E, Elbersen B (2012) How effective are the sustainability criteria accompanying the European Union 2020 biofuel targets? GCB Bioenergy. doi:10.1111/ j.1757-1707.2012.01188.x
6. Faria A, Frata A, Bolinauri F, Silvério J, Pizzi P, Azevedo C, de SouzaMamedes J, Biondi A, Gomes M, Glass V, Ishy A, Lopes D (2011)Macro effects in Brazil: the impacts of agroenergy crops in four areas of the country. http://www. reporterbrasil.org.br/documentos/MacroEffects_FinalVersion.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
7. German L, Schoneveld G (2011) Social sustainability of EU-approved voluntary schemes for biofuels. http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/ 2012/20123035329.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
8. Scarlat N, Dallemand JF (2011) Recent developments of biofuels/bioenergy sustainability certification: a global overview. Energy Policy 39(3):1630-1646
9. Van Stappen F, Broseb I, Schenkela Y (2011) Direct and indirect land use changes issues in European sustainability initiatives: state-of-the-art, open issues and future developments. Biomass Bioenergy 35(12):4824-4834
10. Hirschl B, Kaphengst T, Neumann A, Umpfenbach K (2012) Science-policy interface and the role of impact assessments in the case of biofuels. In: Raggamby A, Rubik F (ed) Sustainable development, evaluation and policymaking: theory, practice and quality assurance. Edward Elgar, Northampton, pp 151-172
11. Cashore B, Auld G, Newsom D (2004) Governing through markets: forest certification and the emergence of non-state authority. Yale University Press, New Haven
12. Taylor PL (2005) In the market but not of it: fair trade coffee and forest stewardship council certification as market-based social change. World Dev 33:129-147
13. Muradian R, Pelupessy W (2005) Governing the coffee chain: the role of voluntary regulatory systems. World Dev 33:2029-2044
14. Cramer J, Wissema E, de Bruijne M, Lammers E, Dijk D, Jager H, van Bennekom S, Breunesse E, Horster R, van Leenders C, Wonink S, Wolters W, Kip H, Stam H, Faaij A, Kwant K (2007) Testing framework for sustainable biomass. Creative Energy. http://www.fao.org/bioenergy/20536-06144295874a6d8a5da1b5203aa 32916a.pdf. Accessed 21 Sep 2012
15. Kaplinsky R, Morris M (2001) A handbook for value chain research. http://www. srp-guinee.org/download/valuechain-handbook.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2013
16. Gereffi G, Humphrey J, Sturgeon T (2005) The governance of global value chains. Rev Int Polit Econ 12:78-104
17. Humphrey J (2006) Global value chains in the agrifood sector: UNIDO working paper. http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/60026_01_global_ value_chains_agrifood_sector.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2013
18. Ponte S, Gibbon P, Vestergaard J (2011) Governing through standards: an introduction. In: Ponte S, Gibbon P, Vestergaard J (ed) Governing through standards-origins, drivers and limitations. Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, pp 1-24
19. Brassett J, Tsingou E (2011) The politics of legitimate global governance. Rev Int Polit Econ 18:1-16
20. Büthe T (2010) Private regulation in the global economy: a (P) review. Bus Polit. doi:10.2202/1469-3569.1328
21. Cashore B (2002) Legitimacy and the privatization of environmental governance: how non-state market-driven (NSMD) governance systems gain rule-making authority. Governance 15:503-529
22. Bernstein S, Cashore B (2007) Can non-state global governance be legitimate? An analytical framework. Regul Govern 1:347-371
23. Mutersbaugh T, Klooster D, Renard M-C, Taylor P (2005) Certifying rural spaces: quality-certified products and rural governance. J Rural Stud 21:381-388
24. Castree N (2008) Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environ Plan 40:131-152
25. Klooster D (2010) Standardizing sustainable development? The Forest Stewardship Council's plantation policy review process as neoliberal environmental governance. Geoforum 41:117-129
26. Taylor PL (2005) A fair trade approach to community forest certification? A framework for discussion. J Rural Stud 21:433-447
27. Partzsch L (2011) The legitimacy of biofuel certification. Agric Hum Values 28(3):413-425
28. Vogelpohl T, Hirschl B (2011) Soziale Kriterien in der freiwilligen Zertifizierung von Biokraftstoffen. Ökologisches Wirtschaften 1:30-34
29. Fritz T (2008) Zertifizierung von Agrotreibstoffen-Die Verlängerung des Erdölzeitalters und die Privatisierung des Rechts. http://fdcl-berlin.de/ fileadmin/fdcl/Publikationen/Zertifizierung-von-Agrotreibstoffen-Die-Verlaengerung-des-Erdoelzeitalters-und-die-Privatisierung-des-Rechts-Thomas-Fritz-FDCL.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
30. Blazejczak J, Edler D (2004) Nachhaltigkeitskriterien aus ökologischer, ökonomischer und sozialer Perspektive-ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz. DIW Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung. http://ejournals.duncker-humblot. de/doi/pdf/10.3790/vjh.73.1.10. Accessed 16 Jan 2013
31. Berndes G, Bryngelson D, Sparovek G (2010) Is it possible to avoid bad impacts by using good fuel ethanol. http://www.naturvardsverket.se/ Documents/publikationer/978-91-620-6331-3.pdf. Accessed 21 Sep 2012
32. Novo AL, Jansen K, Slingerland M, Giller K (2010) Biofuel, dairy production and beef in Brazil: competing claims on land use in SP. J Peasant Stud 37(4):769-792
33. Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. PNAS 108(9):3465-3472
34. Grau HR, Aide M (2008) Globalization and land-use transitions in Latin America. Ecol Soc 13(2):16
35. Wilkinson J, Reydon B, Sabbato A (2011) Dinâmica do mercado de terras na América Latina: caso do Brasil. FAO/Escritório Regional, Brasilia
36. Al-Riffai P, Dimaranan B, Laborde D (2010) European Union and United States Biofuel Mandates: impacts on world markets. Inter-American Development Bank, technical note no. IDB-TN-191. http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument. aspx?docnum=35529623. Accessed 21 Sep 2012
37. Lapola D, Schaldach R, Alcamo J, Bondeau A, Koch J, Koelking C, Priess J (2010) Indirect land-use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in Brazil. PNAS 107(8):3388-3393
38. Arima EY, Richards P, Walker R, Caldas MM (2011) Statistical confirmation of indirect land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. Environ Res Lett 6:. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024010
39. Searchinger T, Heimlich R, Houghton R, Dong F, Elobeid A, Fabiosa J, Tokgoz S, Haye D, Yu T (2008) Use of US croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change. Science 319(2):1238-1240
40. Fargione J, Hill J, Tilman D, Polasky S, Hawthorne P (2008) Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 319(2):1235-1238
41. Righelato R, Spracklen DV (2007) Carbon mitigation by biofuels or by saving and restoring forests? Science 317(8):902
42. Global Bioenergy Partnership GBEP (2011) The global bioenergy partnership sustainability indicators for bioenergy. http://www.globalbioenergy.org/ programmeofwork/task-force-on-sustainability/gbep-report-on-sustainabilityindicators-for-bioenergy/en/. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
43. Teixeira de Andrade RM, Miccolis A (2011) Policies and institutional and legal frameworks in the expansion of Brazilian biofuels: CIFOR working paper 71. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP71CIFOR. pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2013
44. Mendonça ML (2010) Monopólio da Terra no Brasil: impactos da expansão de monocultivos para a produção de agrocombustíveis. Revista Monopolio. Rede Social de Justiça e Direitos Humanos. Comissã o Pastoral da Terra. http://www.social.org.br/revista-monopolio.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2013
45. Beduschi-Filho LC (2003) Assentamentos Rurais e Conservação da Natureza: do Estranhamento a Ação Coletiva. FAPESP, São Paulo
46. Empresa de Pesquisa Energética EPE (2011) Análise de Conjuntura dos Biocombustíveis Janeiro 2010-Dezembro 2010. http://www.epe.gov.br/ Petroleo/Paginas/PaineldeBiocombust%C3%ADveis%E2%80%93Boletinsdean %C3%A1lisedeconjuntura.aspx?CategoriaID. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
47. Freitas FLM, Sparovek G (2009) Sugarcane expansion near to agrarian reform settlements: a case study of Pontal, Brazil. Proceedings of the International Conference on Geo-spatial Solutions for Emergency Management and the 50th Anniversary of the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, 14-16 September 2009. http://www.isprs. org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/8_pdf/1_WG-VIII-1/17.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2013
48. International Sustainability & Carbon Certification ISCC (2011) Sustainability Requirements for the Production of Biomass. http://www.iscc-system.org/ uploads/media/ISCC_EU_202_Sustainability_Requirements-Requirements_for_theProduction_of_Biomasse_2.3_01.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2013
49. Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels RSB (2011) Consolidated RSB EU RED principles and criteria for sustainable biofuel production. http://rsb.epfl.ch/ page-24929-en.html. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
50. Bonsucro (2010) Bonsucro EU production standard. http://www.bonsucro. com/welcome.html. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
51. Database of International Labour Standards ILOLEX (2011). International Labour Organization, Genève. Available via http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
52. Instituto Observatorio Social IOS (2011) Pacto Nacional pela Erradicação do Trabalho Escravo. http://www.os.org.br/pacto/quem.php. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
53. Secretaria-Geral da Presidência da República (2008) Compromisso Nacional para Aperfeiçoar as Condições de Trabalho na Cana-de-Açucar. http://www. secretariageral.gov.br/.arquivos/imagens-publicacoes/Compromisso_port. pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
54. Santos J (2011) Fiscalização trabalhista agoniza no Brasil. http://www. reporterbrasil.org.br/clipping.php?id=1679. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
55. F.O. Licht GmbH (2009) F.O. Licht's World Ethanol & Biofuels Report, vol. 8 no. 8. Informa Group PLC, London
56. F.O. Licht GmbH (2010) F.O. Licht's World Ethanol & Biofuels Report, vol. 9 no. 8. Informa Group PLC, London
57. F.O. Licht GmbH (2011) F.O. Licht's World Ethanol & Biofuels Report, vol. 10 no. 8. Informa Group PLC, London
58. F.O. Licht GmbH (2012) F.O. Licht's World Ethanol & Biofuels Report, vol. 10 no. 24. Informa Group PLC, London
59. Solidaridad Network (2012) In the future all sugarcane ethanol will be Bonsucro certified. http://www.solidaridadnetwork.org/%E2%80%9C-future-all-sugarcane-ethanol-will-be-bonsucro-certified%E2%80%9D. Accessed 11 Dec 2012
60. Junginger M, van Dam J, Zarrilli S, Mohamed F, Marchal D, Faaij A (2011) Opportunities and barriers for international bioenergy trade. Energy Policy 39(4):2028-2042
61. Walter A, Dolzan P, Quilodrán O, Garcia J, da Silva C, Piacente F, Segerstedt A (2008) A sustainability analysis of the Brazilian ethanol. http://www.global bioenergy.org/uploads/media/0811_Unicamp_-_A_sustainability_analysis_of_ the_Brazilian_ethanol.pdf. Accessed 21 Sep 2012
62. Walter A (2009) IEA bioenergy task 40-country report, Brazil. http://www. bioenergytrade.org/reports/countryreports/brazil.html. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
63. Junginger H, Jonker J, Faaji A, Cocchi M, Hektor B, Hess R, Heinimö J, Hennig C, Kranzl L, Marchal D, Matzenberger J, Nikolaisen L, Pelkmans L, Rosillo-Calle F, Schouwenberg P, Tromborg E, Walter A (2011) Summary, synthesis and conclusions from IEA bioenergy task 40 country reports on international bioenergy trade. http://www.bioenergytrade.org/downloads/ summary-synthesis-and-conclusions-from-iea-bio.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2013
64. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2008) Biofuels: prospects, risks and opportunities. The State of Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, p 129. Available via http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0100e/i0100e00.htm. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
65. Fernandes BM, Welch CA, Gonçalves EC (2010) Agrofuel policies in Brazil: paradigmatic and territorial disputes. Journal of Peasant Studies 37(4):793-819
66. Bonsucro (2011) Certified members. http://www.bonsucro.com/certified_ members.html. Accessed 12 Dec 2011
67. Wilkinson J, Herrera S (2010) Biofuels in Brazil: debates and impacts. Journal of Peasant Studies 37(4):749-768
68. Scholtes F (2009) Status quo and prospects of smallholders in the Brazilian sugarcane and ethanol sector: lessons for development and poverty reduction. ZEF working paper series 43. http://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/ zef_wp/wp43.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2013
69. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos CGEE (2009) Bioetanol combustível: uma oportunidade para o Brasil. http://www.cogen.com.br/paper/2010/ Livro_Bioetanol_Cana_Acucar_2009.pdf. Accessed 21 Sept 2012
70. Fundação Getúlio Vargas FGV (2011) Land prices. http://portal.fgv.br. Accessed 18 Nov 2011
71. Fritz T (2010) Peak soil-die globale Jagd nach Land. FDCL, Berlin
72. Informa Economics FNP (2011) Agrianual online. http://www.agrianual.com. br. Accessed 18 Nov 2011
73. Neuburger M (2010) Entwicklungsprobleme des ländlichen Raumes. In: Costa S, Kohlhepp G, Nitschak H, Sangmeister H (ed) Brasilien heute: Geographischer Raum, Politik, Wirtschaft. Kultur. Verfuert, Frankfurt, pp 75-90
74. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE (2006) Censo Agropecuario. http://www.ibge.gov.br/. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
75. Comissão Pastoral da Terra CPT (2010) Conflitos no Campo Brasil 2010. http://www.cptnacional.org.br/index.php/noticias/12-conflitos/618-conflitosno-campo-brasil-2010. Accessed 21 Sept 2012