A generic formalism to represent linguistic corpora in RDF and OWL/DL

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2012

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 3205-3212

  Chiarcos, Christian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Corpus representation; Interoperability; Multi layer corpora; RDF OWL

Indexed keywords

BIRDS; DATA MINING; INTEROPERABILITY;

AMERICAN ENGLISH; CORPUS REPRESENTATION; GENERIC DATA; LINGUISTIC ANNOTATIONS; RDF/OWL; REPRESENTATION FORMALISMS;

LINGUISTICS;

EID: 84893282473     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (56)

1. G. Aguado de Cea, á. I. de Mon-Rego, A. Pareja-Lora, and R. Plaza-Arteche. 2002. OntoTag: A semantic web page linguistic annotation model. In Proceedings of the ECAI 2002 Workshop on Semantic Authoring, Annotation and Knowledge Markup, Lyon, France, July.
2. C. F. Baker and C. Fellbaum. 2009. WordNet and FrameNet as Complementary Resources for Annotation. In Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 125-129, August.
3. C. F. Baker, C. J. Fillmore, and J. B. Lowe. 1998. The Berkeley FrameNet project. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 86-90.
4. T. Berners-Lee. 2006. Design issues: Linked data. http://www. w3. org/DesignIssues/ LinkedData. html.
5. A. Bies, M. Ferguson, K. Katz, and R. MacIntyre. 1995. Bracketing guidelines for Treebank II Style Penn Treebank Project. ftp://ftp. cis. upenn. edu/pub/ treebank/doc/manual/root. ps. gz. version of January 1995.
6. S. Bird and M. Liberman. 2001. A formal framework for linguistic annotation. Speech Communication, 33 (1):23-60.
7. A. Burchardt, S. Padó, D. Spohr, et al. 2008. Formalising Multi-layer Corpora in OWL/DL-Lexicon Modelling, Querying and Consistency Control. In Proc. 3rd International Joint Conference on NLP (IJCNLP 2008), Hyderabad, India.
8. A. Busemann and K. Busemann. 2008. Toolbox selftraining. Technical report, http://www. sil. org. Version 1. 5. 4, Oct 2008.
9. J. Carletta, S. Evert, U. Heid, et al. 2003. The NITE XML Toolkit: flexible annotation for multi-modal language data. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 35 (3):353-363.
10. S. Cassidy. 2010. An RDF realisation of LAF in the DADA Annotation Server. In Proc. 5th Joint ISO-ACL/SIGSEM Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation (ISA-5), Hong Kong, January.
11. C. Chiarcos and J. Ritz. 2010. Qualitative and quantitative error analysis in context. In I. Rehbein, S. Schulte im Walde, A. Storrer, and M. Pinkal, editors, Semantic Approaches in Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS-2010), pages 111-117, Saarbrücken, Germany, Sep. Universaar.
12. C. Chiarcos, S. Dipper, M. Götze, et al. 2008. A flexible framework for integrating annotations from different tools and tag sets. TAL (Traitement Automatique des Langues), 49 (2).
13. C. Chiarcos, J. Ritz, and M. Stede. 2009. By all these lovely tokens. Merging conflicting tokenizations. In Proc. Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-III), held in conjunction with ACL-IJCNLP 2009, pages 35-43, Singapore, August.
14. C. Chiarcos, S. Hellmann, S. Nordhoff, et al. this vol. The Open Linguistics Working Group.
15. C. Chiarcos. 2010. Grounding an ontology of linguistic annotations in the Data Category Registry. In LREC 2010 Workshop on Language Resource and Language Technology Standards (LT<S), pages 37-40, Valetta, Malta, May.
16. C. Chiarcos. 2012. POWLA: Modeling linguistic corpora in OWL/DL. In Proc. 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2012), Heraklion, Crete, May.
17. C. Chiarcos. this vol. Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation: Survey and perspectives.
18. T. Declerck. 2006. Synaf: Towards a standard for syntactic annotation. In Proc. of the 5th LREC Conference.
19. S. Dipper, M. Götze, U. Küssner, and M. Stede. 2007. Representing and querying standoff XML. In Proc. GLDV Conference 2007. Biannual Conference of the Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology (GLDV), Tübingen, Germany.
20. S. Dipper. 2005. XML-based stand-off representation and exploitation of multi-level linguistic annotation. In Proc. Berliner XML Tage 2005 (BXML 2005), pages 39-50, Berlin, Germany.
21. R. Eckart. 2008. Choosing an xml database for linguistically annotated corpora. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, 32 (1):7-22.
22. S. Farrar and D. T. Langendoen. 2010. An OWL-DL implementation of GOLD: An ontology for the Semantic Web. In A. W. Witt and D. Metzing, editors, Linguistic Modeling of Information and Markup Languages: Contributions to Language Technology. Springer, Dordrecht.
23. G. Francopoulo, N. Bel, M. George, N. Calzolari, M. Monachini, M. Pet, and C. Soria. 2009. Multilingual resources for NLP in the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF). Language Resources and Evaluation, 43 (1):57-70.
24. G. Francopoulo. 2007. Strategy for an OWL specification of LMF. unpublished ms., http://www. tagmatica. fr/lmf/ StrategyForLMFInOWL29october2007. pdf.
25. P. Gearon, A. Passant, and A. Polleres. 2012. SPARQL 1. 1 Update. W3C Working Draft 05 January 2012. http: //www. w3. org/TR/sparql11-update.
26. M. Grönroos and M. Miettinen. 2004. Infrastructure for collaborative annotation of speech. In Proc. LREC 2004, Genoa, May.
27. O. Hartig, C. Bizer, and J. C. Freytag. 2009. Executing SPARQL queries over the web of linked data. The Semantic Web-ISWC 2009, pages 293-309.
28. S. Hellmann, J. Unbehauen, C. Chiarcos, and A. Ngonga Ngomo. 2010. The TIGER Corpus Navigator. In 9th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT-9), pages 91-102, Tartu, Estonia.
29. S. Hellmann. 2010. The semantic gap of formalized meaning. In Proc. 7th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2010), Heraklion, Greece, May 30th-June 3rd.
30. B. Hellwig, D. Van Uytvanck, and M. Hulsbosch. 2008. ELAN-Linguistic Annotator. Technical report, http://www. lat-mpi. eu/tools/elan. version of 2008-07-31.
31. N. Ide and J. Pustejovsky. 2010. What does interoperability mean, anyway? Toward an operational definition of interoperability. In Proc. 2nd International Conference on Global Interoperability for Language Resources (ICGL 2010).
32. N. Ide and L. Romary. 2004. International standard for a linguistic annotation framework. Natural language engineering, 10 (3-4):211-225.
33. N. Ide and L. Romary. 2006. Representing linguistic corpora and their annotations. In Proceedings of the Fifth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. Citeseer.
34. N. Ide and K. Suderman. 2007. GrAF: A graph-based format for linguistic annotations. In Proceedings of Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW 2007), pages 1-8.
35. N. Ide, C. Baker, C. Fellbaum, C. Fillmore, and R. Passonneau. 2008. MASC: The Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus of American English. In Proc. 6th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2008), Marrakesh, Morocco.
36. N. Ide, C. Fellbaum, C. Baker, and R. Passonneau. 2010. The manually annotated sub-corpus: A community resource for and by the people. In Proceedings of the ACL-2010, pages 68-73.
37. E. König and W. Lezius. 2000. A description language for syntactically annotated corpora. In Proc. 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2000), pages 1056-1060, Saarbrücken, Germany.
38. D. T. Langendoen, S. Farrar, and W. Lewis. 2002. Bridging the markup gap: Smart search engines for language researchers. In Proc. LREC-2002 Workshop on Resources and Tools for Field Linguistics, pages 24-1, Las Palmas, Spain, May.
39. M. P. Marcus, B. Santorini, and M. A. Marcinkiewicz. 1994. Building a large annotated corpus of English: The Penn Treebank. Computational Linguistics, 19 (2):313-330.
40. N. Mazziotta. 2010. Building the syntactic reference corpus of medieval French using notabene rdf annotation tool. In Proceedings of the Fourth Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 142-146. Association for Computational Linguistics.
41. C. Müller and M. Strube. 2006. Multi-level annotation of linguistic data with MMAX2. In Corpus Technology and Language Pedagogy, pages 197-214. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main.
42. M. O'Donnell. 2000. RSTTool 2. 4-A markup tool for Rhetorical Structure Theory. In Proc. International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG'2000), pages 253-256, Mitzpe Ramon, Israel.
43. OpenLink Software. 2009. Virtuoso Open-Source Edition. http://virtuoso. openlinksw. com/ dataspace/dav/wiki/Main.
44. E. Prud'Hommeaux and A. Seaborne. 2008. SPARQL query language for RDF. W3C working draft, 4 (January).
45. L. Romary, A. Zeldes, and F. Zipser. 2011. 2-Serialising the ISO SynAF Syntactic Object Model. Arxiv preprint arXiv:1108. 0631.
46. E. Rubiera, L. Polo, D. Berrueta, and A. El Ghali. 2012. TELIX: An RDF-based model for linguistic annotation. In Proc. 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2012), May.
47. F. Sasaki, A. Witt, D. Gibbon, and T. Trippel. 2004. Concept-based queries: Combining and reusing linguistic corpus formats and query languages. In Proceedings of LREC 2004.
48. Andrea C. Schalley. 2012. TYTO-A collaborative research tool for linked linguistic data. In C. Chiarcos, S. Nordhoff, and S. Hellmann, editors, Linked Data in Linguistics. Representing and Connecting Language Data and Language Metadata. Springer, Heidelberg. p. 139-149.
49. M. Schiehlen. 2004. Optimizing algorithms for pronoun resolution. In Proc. 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004), pages 515-521, Geneva, August.
50. T. Schmidt. 2004. Transcribing and annotating spoken language with EXMARaLDA. In Proc. LREC 2004 Workshop on XML based richly annotated corpora, Lisbon.
51. W. Skut, T. Brants, B. Krenn, and H. Uszkoreit. 1998. A linguistically interpreted corpus of German newspaper text. In Proc. ESSLLI Workshop on Recent Advances in Corpus Annotation, Saarbrücken, Germany.
52. M. Stede and S. Heintze. 2004. Machine-assisted rhetorical structure annotation. In Proc. 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004), Geneva, Switzerland.
53. H. Telljohann, E. W. Hinrichs, and S. Kübler. 2003. Stylebook for the Tübingen treebank of written German (TüBa-D/Z). Technical report, Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
54. S. Trißl and U. Leser. 2007. Fast and practical indexing and querying of very large graphs. In Proc. 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pages 845-856. ACM.
55. A. Zeldes, J. Ritz, A. Lüdeling, and C. Chiarcos. 2009. ANNIS: A search tool for multi-layer annotated corpora. In Proc. Corpus Linguistics, pages 20-23, Liverpool, UK, July.
56. F. Zipser and L. Romary. 2010. A model oriented approach to the mapping of annotation formats using standards. In Proc. LREC-2010 Workshop on Language Resource and Language Technology Standards (LR<S 2010), Valetta, Malta, May.