Using fossil leaves as evidence for open vegetation

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 395, Issue , 2014, Pages 168-175

  Jordan, Gregory J ^a   Carpenter, Raymond J ^b   Brodribb, Timothy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fire; Leaf fossils; Open vegetation; Vegetation proxies

Indexed keywords

CORRELATION; DICOTYLEDON; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FOSSIL RECORD; LEAF; PALEOBOTANY; PALYNOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; VEGETATION TYPE;

EID: 84893147258     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.035     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Barker W.R., Barker R.M., Haegi L. Introduction to Hakea. Hakea to Dryandra 1999, vol. 17B:1-30. Australian Biological Resources Study, Melbourne, Australia. A.J.G. Wilson (Ed.).
2. Bond W.J. Large parts of the world are brown or black: A different view on the 'Green World' hypothesis. J. Veg. Sci. 2005, 16:261-266.
3. Bond W.J., Keeley J.E. Fire as a global 'herbivore': the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2005, 20:387-394. 10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.02.
4. Bond W.J., Woodward F.I., Midgley G.F. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. New Phytol. 2005, 165:525-538. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x.
5. Brodersen C.R., Vogelmann T.C. Do changes in light direction affect absorption profiles in leaves?. Funct. Plant Biol. 2010, 37:403-412. 10.1071/FP09262.
6. Brodribb T.J., Jordan G.J., Carpenter R.J. Unified changes in cell size permit co-ordinated leaf evolution. New Phytol. 2013, 199:559-570. 10.1111/nph.12300.
7. Carpenter R.J. Cuticular morphology and aspects of the ecology and fossil history of North Queensland rainforest Proteaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 1994, 116:249-303.
8. Carpenter R.J. Proteaceae leaf fossils: phylogeny, diversity, ecology and austral distributions. Bot. Rev. 2012, 78:261-287. 10.1007/s12229-012-9099-y.
9. Carpenter R.J., Bannister J.M., Jordan G.J., Lee D.E. Leaf fossils of Proteaceae tribe Persoonieae from the late Oligocene-early Miocene of New Zealand. Aust. Syst. Bot. 2010, 23:1-15. 10.1071/SB09015.
10. Carpenter R.J., Jordan G.J., Lee D.E., Hill R.S. Leaf fossils of Banksia (Proteaceae) from New Zealand: an Australian abroad. Am. J. Bot. 2010, 97:288-297. 10.3732/ajb.0900199.
11. Carpenter R.J., Jordan G.J., Mildenhall D.C., Lee D.E. Leaf fossils of the ancient Tasmanian relict Microcachrys (Podocarpaceae) from New Zealand. Am. J. Bot. 2011, 98:1164-1172.
12. Carpenter R.J., Bannister J.M., Lee D.E., Jordan G.J. Proteaceae leaf fossils from the Oligo-Miocene of New Zealand: new species and evidence of biome and trait conservatism. Aust. Syst. Bot. 2012, 25:375-389. 10.1071/SB12018.
13. Catling D.M., Gates P.J. Leaf anatomy in Hakea Schrader (Proteaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzengesch. Pflanzengeogr. 1995, 117.
14. Catling D.M., Gates P.J. Nodal and leaf anatomy in Grevillea R.Br. (Proteaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzengesch. Pflanzengeogr. 1998, 120.
15. Cerling T.E., Harris J.M., MacFadden B.J., Leakey M.G., Quade J., Eisenmann V., Ehieringer J.R. Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 1997, 389:153-158. 10.1038/38229.
16. Cerling T.E., Wynn J.G., Andanje S.A., Bird M.I., Korir D.K., Levin N.E., MacE W., MacHaria A.N., Quade J., Remien C.H. Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6-million years. Nature 2011, 476:51-56. 10.1038/nature10306.
17. Chung R.C.K. Proteaceae. Tree flora of Sabah and Sarawak 2002, 169-201. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan. E. Soepadmo, L.G. Saw, R.C.K. Chung (Eds.).
18. Crisp M.D., Arroyo M.T.K., Cook L.G., Gandolfo M.A., Jordan G.J., McGlone M.S., Weston P.H., Westoby M., Wilf P., Linder H.P. Phylogenetic biome conservatism on a global scale. Nature 2009, 458:754-756. 10.1038/nature07764.
19. Ferguson D.K., Lee D.E., Bannister J.M., Zetter R., Jordan G.J., Vavra N., Mildenhall D.C. The taphonomy of a remarkable leaf bed assemblage from the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Gore Lignite Measures, southern New Zealand. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2010, 83:173-181. 10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.009.
20. Foreman D.B. Proteaceae. Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea 1995, 221-270. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia. B.J. Conn (Ed.).
21. Groves R.H. Present Vegetation Types. Flora of Australia 1999, vol. 1:369-401. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, A.C.T. 2nd ed. A.E. Orchard (Ed.).
22. 2 to adaxial mesophyll cells in thick sclerophylls. Plant Cell Environ. 2009, 32:1596-1611. 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02024.x.
23. Haworth M., McElwain J.C. Hot, dry, wet, cold or toxic? Revisiting the ecological significance of leaf and cuticular micromorphology. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 262:79-90. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.02.009.
24. He T., Lamont B.B., Downes K.S. Banksia born to burn. New Phytol. 2011, 191:184-196. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
25. Hijmans R.J., Cameron S.E., Parra J.L., Jones P.G., Jarvis A. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Clim. 2005, 25:1965-1978. 10.1002/joc.1276.
26. Hill R.S. Fossil evidence for the onset of xeromorphy and scleromorphy in Australian Proteaceae. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1998, 11:391-400. 10.1071/SB97016.
27. Hill R.S. Origins of the southeastern Australian vegetation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2004, 359:1537-1549. 10.1098/rstb.2004.1526.
28. Hill R.S., Brodribb T.J. Southern conifers in time and space. Aust. J. Bot. 1999, 47:639-696. 10.1071/BT98093.
29. Hill R.S., Carpenter R.J. Evolution of Acmopyle and Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) foliage as inferred from macrofossils in south-eastern Australia. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1991, 4:449-479. 10.1071/SB9910449.
30. Johnson L.A.S., Briggs B.G. On the Proteaceae - the evolution and classification of a southern family. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 1975, 70:83-182.
31. 2 from fossil leaves. New Phytol. 2011, 192:29-44. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03829.x.
32. Jordan G.J., Carpenter R.J., Hill R.S. The macrofossil record of Proteaceae in Tasmania: a review with new species. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1998, 11:465-501. 10.1071/SB11004.
33. Jordan G.J., Dillon R.A., Weston P.H. Solar radiation as a factor in the evolution of scleromorphic leaf anatomy in Proteaceae. Am. J. Bot. 2005, 92:789-796. 10.3732/ajb.92.5.789.
34. Jordan G.J., Weston P.H., Carpenter R.J., Dillon R.A., Brodribb T.J. The evolutionary relations of sunken, covered, and encrypted stomata to dry habitats in Proteaceae. Am. J. Bot. 2008, 95:521-530. 10.3732/ajb.2007333.
35. Jordan G.J., Bannister J.M., Mildenhall D.C., Zetter R., Lee D.E. Fossil Ericaceae from New Zealand: deconstructing the use of fossil evidence in historical biogeography. Am. J. Bot. 2010, 97:59-70. 10.3732/ajb.0900109.
36. Jordan G.J., Carpenter R.J., Bannister J.M., Lee D.E., Mildenhall D.C., Hill R.S. High conifer diversity in Oligo-Miocene New Zealand. Aust. Syst. Bot. 2011, 24:121-136.
37. Lösch R., Tenhunen J.D.T., Pereira J.S., Lange O.L. Diurnal courses of stomatal resistance and transpiration of wild and cultivated Mediterranean perennials at the end of the summer dry season in Portugal. Flora 1982, 172:138-160.
38. Lusk C.H., Reich P.B., Montgomery R.A., Ackerly D.D., Cavender-Bares J. Why are evergreen leaves so contrary about shade?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2008, 23:299-303. 10.1016/j.tree.2008.02.006.
39. Maddison W.P., Maddison D.R. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.75 http://mesquiteproject.org.
40. Makinson R.O. Grevillea. Flora Aust 2000, 1-524. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, Australia. P.M. McCarthy (Ed.).
41. Mänd P., Hallik L., Peñuelas J., Kull O. Electron transport efficiency at opposite leaf sides: effect of vertical distribution of leaf angle, structure, chlorophyll content and species in a forest canopy. Tree Physiol. 2013, 33:202-210. 10.1093/treephys/tps112.
42. Mast A.R., Willis C.L., Jones E.H., Downs K.M., Weston P.H. A smaller Macadamia from a more vagile tribe: inference of phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diaspore evolution in Macadamia and relatives (tribe Macadamiaeae: Proteaceae). Am. J. Bot. 2008, 95:843-870. 10.3732/ajb.0700006.
43. Mast A.R., Milton E.F., Jones E.H., Barker R.M., Barker W.R., Weston P.H. Time-calibrated phylogeny of the woody Australian genus Hakea (Proteaceae) supports multiple origins of insect-pollination among bird-pollinated ancestors. Am. J. Bot. 2012, 99:472-487. 10.3732/ajb.1100420.
44. McCarthy P.M. Flora of Australia. Proteaceae 1995, vol. 16. Australian Biological Resource Study, Melbourne, Australia.
45. Mott K.A., Michaelson O. Amphistomy as an adaptation to high light intensity in Ambrosia cordifolia (Compositae). Am. J. Bot. 1991, 78:76-79.
46. Mott K.A., Gibson A.C., O'Leary J.W. The adaptive significance of amphistomatic leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 1982, 5:455-460.
47. Pagel M. Detecting correlated evolution on phylogenies: a general method for the comparative analysis of discrete characters. Proc. R. Soc. B 1994, 255:37-45. 10.1098/rspb.1994.0006.
48. Parkhurst D.F. The adaptive significance of stomatal occurrence on one or both surfaces. J. Ecol. 1978, 66:367-383.
49. Pham H.H. Proteaceae. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Vietnam 1992, 82-114. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. P. Morat (Ed.).
50. Polis G.A. Why are parts of the world green? Multiple factors control productivity and the distribution of biomass. Oikos 1999, 86:3-15.
51. Poole A.L., Adams N.M. Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand 1986, Government Printing Office, Wellington, New Zealand.
52. Prance G.T., Edwards K.S., Plana V., Pennington R.T. Proteaceae 2008, The New York Botanical Garden Press.
53. Rebelo T. SASOL Proteas, A Field Guide to the Proteas of Southern Africa 1995, Fernwood Press, Cape Town.
54. Roth-Nebelsick A., Hassiotou F., Veneklaas E.J. Stomatal crypts have small effects on transpiration: a numerical model analysis. Plant Physiol. 2009, 151:2018-2027. 10.1104/pp. 109.146969.
55. Royer D.L., Sack L., Wilf P., Lusk C.H., Jordan G.J., Niinemets Ü., Wright I.J., Westoby M., Cariglino B., Coley P.D., Cutter A.D., Johnson K.R., Labandeira C.C., Moles A.T., Palmer M.B., Valladares F. Fossil leaf economics quantified: calibration, Eocene case study, and implications. Paleobiology 2007, 33:574-589. 10.1666/07001.1.
56. Sauquet H., Weston P.H., Anderson C.L., Barker N.P., Cantrill D.J., Mast A.R., Savolainen V. Contrasted patterns of hyperdiversification in Mediterranean hotspots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106:221-225. 10.1073/pnas.0805607106.
57. Sleumer H. Proteaceae. Flora Malesiana (series 1) 1955, 5:147-206.
58. Sniderman J.M.K., Jordan G.J. Extent and timing of floristic exchange between Australian and Asian rain forests. J. Biogeogr. 2011, 38:1445-1455. 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02519.x.
59. Tng Y.P.D., Williamson G.J., Jordan G.J., Bowman D.M.J.S. Tansley review: giant eucalypt forests - a globally unique fire-adapted rain forest?. New Phytol. 2012, 196:1001-1014. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04359.x.
60. Valente L.M., Reeves G., Schnitzler J., Mason I.P., Fay M.F., Rebelo T.G., Chase M.W., Barraclough T.G. Diversification of the African genus Protea (Proteaceae) in the Cape biodiversity hotspot and beyond: equal rates in different biomes. Evolution 2010, 64:745-760. 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00856.x.
61. Vidal-Russell R., Souto C.P., Premoli A.C. Multiple Pleistocene refugia in the widespread Patagonian tree Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae). Aust. J. Bot. 2011, 59:299-314. 10.1071/BT10303.
62. Virot R. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et Dependences. Proteacees 1968, vol. 2. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
63. Vogts M. South Africa's Proteaceae: Know Them and Grow Them 1982, Proteaflora Enterprises, Melbourne, Australia.
64. Weston P.H. Proteaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 2007, vol. 9:364-404. Springer, Berlin, Germany. K. Kubitski (Ed.).
65. Wilson A.J.G. Flora of Australia. Hakea to Dryandra 1999, vol. 17B. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, Australia.
66. Wilson A.J.G. Flora of Australia. Grevillea 2000, vol. 17A. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, Australia.
67. Wright I.J., Reich P.B., Westoby M., Ackerly D.D., Baruch Z., Bongers F., Cavender-Bares J., Chapin T., Cornellssen J.H.C., Diemer M., Flexas J., Garnier E., Groom P.K., Gulias J., Hikosaka K., Lamont B.B., Lee T., Lee W., Lusk C., Midgley J.J., Navas M.L., Niinemets U., Oleksyn J., Osada H., Poorter H., Pool P., Prior L., Pyankov V.I., Roumet C., Thomas S.C., Tjoelker M.G., Veneklaas E.J., Villar R. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 2004, 428:821-827. 10.1038/nature02403.