Referring men to seek help: The influence of gender role conflict and stigma

Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 60-67

  Vogel, David L ^a   Wester, Stephen R ^b   Hammer, Joseph H ^a   Downing Matibag, Teresa M ^a  

^a E005A Lagomarcino Hall   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender role conflict; Help seeking; Mental health services; Stigma

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893071850     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0031761     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58, 5-14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.5
2. Adewuya, A. O., & Oguntade, A. A. (2007). Doctors' attitude towards people with mental illness in Western Nigeria. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 931-936.
3. Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., Rao, S. M., & Boccellari A. (2009). Psychoeducation to address stigma in black adults referred for mental health treatment: A randomized pilot study. Community Mental Health Journal, 45, 127-136.
4. Anderson J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
5. Andrews, G., Issakidis, C., & Carter, G. (2001). Shortfall in mental health service utilisation. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 417-425. doi:10.1192/bjp.179.5.417
6. Angermeyer, M. C., Matschinger, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2001). What to do about mental disorder help-seeking recommendations of the lay public. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 103, 220-225. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.103003220.x
7. Berger, J. M., Levant, R., McMillan, K. K., Kelleher, W., & Sellers, A. (2005). Impact of gender role conflict, traditional masculinity ideology, alexithymia, and age on men's attitudes toward psychological help seeking. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 73-78. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.1.73
8. Brohan, E., Slade, M., Clement, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2010). Experiences of mental illness stigma, prejudice and discrimination: A review of measures. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 1-11. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-80
9. Brooks, G. R., & Good, G. E. (Eds.). (2001). The new handbook of psychotherapy and counseling with men. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
10. Caldwell, M. A., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Sex differences in same-sex friendship. Sex Roles, 8, 721-732. doi:10.1007/BF00287568
11. Cash, T. F., Begley, P. J., McCown, D. A., & Weise, B. C. (1975). When counselors are heard but not seen: Initial impact of physical attractiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 273-279. doi:10.1037/h0076730
12. Cusack, J., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2004). Who influence men to go to therapy? Reports from men attending psychological services. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 26, 271-283. doi:10.1023/B:ADCO.0000035530.44111.a8
13. Dew, M. A., Bromet, E. J., Schulberg, H. C., Parkinson, D. K., & Curtis, E. C. (1991). Factors affecting service utilization for depression in a white collar population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, 230-237. doi:10.1007/BF00788971
14. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.
15. Hammen, C., & Peters, S. (1978). Interpersonal consequences of depression: Responses to men and women enacting a depressed role. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 322-332. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.87.8.322
16. Hammer, J. H., Vogel, D. L., & Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R. (2013). Men's help seeking: Examination of differences across community size, education, and income. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 65-75. doi:10.1037/a0026813
17. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Coventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
18. Jakupcak, M., Salters, K., Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2003). Masculinity and emotionality: An investigation of men's primary and secondary emotional responding. Sex Roles, 49, 111-120. doi:10.1023/A:1024452728902
19. Link, B. G., Cullen, F. T., Struening, E., Shrout, P., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1989). A modified labeling theory approach in the area of mental disorders: An empirical assessment. American Sociological Review, 54, 100-123. doi:10.2307/2095613
20. Magovcevic, M., & Addis, M. E. (2005). Linking gender-role conflict to nonnormative and self-stigmatizing perceptions of alcohol abuse and depression. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 127-136. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.2.127
21. Mahalik, J. R., Cournoyer, R. J., DeFranc, W., Cherry, M., & Napolitano, J. (1998). Men's gender role conflict in relation to their use of psychological defenses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 247-255.
22. O'Neil, J. M. (2008). Men's gender conflict: 25 year research summary [Special issue]. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 358-476.
23. O'Neil, J. M., Good, G. E., & Holmes, S. (1995). Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research. In R. Levant & W. Pollack (Eds.), The new psychology of men (pp. 164-206). New York, NY: Basic Books.
24. O'Neil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R. K., David, L., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1986). Gender Role Conflict Scale: College men's fear of femininity. Sex Roles, 14, 335-350.
25. Pederson, E. L., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). Men's gender role conflict and their willingness to seek counseling: A mediation model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 373-384. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.373
26. Pescosolido, B. A., & Boyer, C. A. (1999). How do people come to use mental health services? Current knowledge and changing perspectives. In A. V. Horwitz and T. L. Scheid (Eds.), A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems (pp. 392-411). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
27. Rickwood, D. J., & Braithwaite, V. A. (1994). Social-psychological factors affecting help-seeking for emotional problems. Social Science & Medicine, 39, 563-572. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90099-X
28. Rochlen, A. B., Land, L. N., & Wong, Y. J. (2004). Male restrictive emotionality and evaluations of online versus face-to-face counseling. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5, 190-200. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.5.2.190
29. Rochlen, A. B., McKelley, R. A., & Pituch, K. A. (2006). A preliminary examination of the "Real Men, Real Depression" campaign. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 1-13. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.7.1.1
30. Russell, D. W., Kahn, J. H., Spoth, R., & Altmaier, E. M. (1998). Analyzing data from experimental studies: A latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 18-29. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.45.1.18
31. Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507-514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192
32. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
33. Tull, M. T., Jakupcak, M., Paulson, A., & Gratz, K. L. (2007). The role of emotional inexpressivity and experiential avoidance in the relationship between posttraumatic stress and aggression among men exposed to interpersonal violence. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping: An International Journal, 20, 337-351.
34. Vauth, R., Kleim, B., Wirtz, M., & Corrigan, P. W. (2007). Self-efficacy and empowerment as outcomes of self-stigmatizing and coping in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 150, 71-80. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.07.005
35. Vogel, D. L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R., Hammer, J. H., & Hubbard, A. (2011). "Boys don't cry": Examination of the links between masculine norms and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse cultural backgrounds. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 368-382. doi:10.1037/a0023688
36. Vogel, D. L., Tucker, C. M., Wester, S. R., & Heesacker, M. (1999). The impact of sex and situational cues on the endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes & behaviors in dating couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16, 459-473. doi:10.1177/0265407599164003
37. Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., Wester, S. R., Larson, L. M., & Hackler, A. H. (2007). Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 233-245. doi:10.1002/jclp.20345
38. Wester, S. R., Arndt, D., Sedivy, S. K., & Arndt, L. (2010). Male police officers and stigma associated with counseling: The role of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits and gender role conflict. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 286-302. doi:10.1037/a0019108
39. Wester, S. R., & Lyubelsky, J. (2005). Supporting the thin blue line: Gender-sensitive therapy with male police officers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36, 51-58. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.1.51
40. Wester, S. R., Pionke, D. R., & Vogel, D. L. (2005). Male gender role conflict, gay men, and same-sex romantic relationships. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 195-208. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.3.195
41. Wester, S. R., & Vogel, D. L. (2012). The psychology of men: Historical developments and future research directions. In N. A. Fouad, J. Carter, & L. Subich (Eds.), APA Handbook of counseling psychology (pp. 371-396). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
42. Wester, S. R., Vogel, D. L., O'Neil, J. M., & Danforth, L. (2012). Development and evaluation of the Gender Role Conflict Short Form (GRCS-SF). Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13, 199-210. doi: 10.1037/a0025550
43. Wong, Y. J., Pituch, K., & Rochlen, A. B. (2006). Men's restrictive emotionality: An investigation of associations with other emotionrelated constructs, underlying dimensions, and anxiety. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 7, 113-126. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.7.2.113
44. Wong, Y. J., & Rochlen, A. B. (2005). Demystifying men's emotional behavior: New directions and implications for counseling and research. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 62-72. doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.1.62
45. Wong, Y. J., & Rochlen, A. B. (2009). The potential benefits of expressive writing for male college students with varying degrees of restrictive emotionality. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10, 149-159. doi: 10.1037/a0015041