Graphite powder and related material as the principal components of carbon paste electrodes

Graphite: Properties, Occurrences and Uses

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 163-188

  Švancara, Ivan ^a   Mikysek, Tomáš ^a   Stoces, Matej ^a   Ludvík, Jirí ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PARDUBICE   (Czech Republic)

^b J HEYROVSKÝ INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892883124     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

1. Adams, R. N. (1969). Electrochemistry at Solid Electrodes, M. Dekker: N.Y., US.
2. Bard, A. J. and Faulkner, L. R. (1980). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applica-tions. J. Wiley: N.Y., US.
3. Wang, J. (1985). Stripping Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation, and Application, Orig. Ed. VCH Publishers: N.Y., US.
4. Brainina, Kh. Z., Neiman, E. Ya. and Slepuschkin, V. V. (1993). Orig. Ed. (in Russian), Moscow, SU; 1988; or: Brainina, Kh.; Neiman, E. Ya. Electroanalytical Stripping Methods, Eng. Ed., J. Willey: N.Y., US.
5. Wang, J. (1994). Analytical Electrochemistry, 1st Ed., VCH Publishers: N.Y., US.
6. Cowlard, F. C. and Lewis, J. C. (1967). J. Mater. Sci., 21, 507-512.
7. Kinoshita, K. (1988). Carbon: Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties. J. Wiley: N.Y., US.
8. Inagaki, M., Yang, Y. and Kang, F. -Y. (2012). Adv. Mater., 24, 2547-2566.
9. Iijima, S. (1991). Nature, 354, 56-58.
10. anonymous (2013). Graphite, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite.
11. Demetriadis, D., Economou, A. and Voulgaropoulos A. (2004). Anal. Chim. Acta, 519, 167-172.
12. Brainina, Kh. Z. (1990). Personal communication.
13. Adams, R. N. (1958). Anal. Chem., 30, 1576-1576.
14. Kalcher, K., Švancara, I., Metelka, R., Vytřas, K. and Walcarius, A. (2006). in: Encyclopedia of Sensors, Vol. 4 (Grimes, C.A.; Dickey, E.C.; Pishko, M.V.; Eds.), 283-430. American Scientific Publishers: Stevenson Ranch, US.
15. Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Kalcher, K., Walcarius, A. and Wang, J. (2009). Electroanalysis, 21, 7-28.
16. Švancara, I., Kalcher, K., Walcarius, A. and Vytřas K. (2012). Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes. CRC Press: Boca Raton, US.
17. Štulíková, M. and Štulík, K. (1974). Chem. Listy, 68, 800-835.
18. Dryhust, G. and McAllister, D. L. (1985). in: Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1st Ed. (Kissinger, P.T.; Heineman, W.R.; Eds.); M. Dekker: N.Y., US, 294-301.
19. McCreery, R. L. and Cline, K. K. (1996). in: Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2nd Ed. (Kissinger, P.T.; Heineman, W.R.; Eds.); 311 -332. M. Dekker: N.Y., US.
20. McCreery, R. L. (2008). Chem. Rev., 108, 2646-2687.
21. Digua, K., Kauffmann, J. -M. and Del Plancke, J. L. (1994). Electroanalysis, 6, 451-458 and 459-462.
22. Hernández, L., Hernández, P., Blanco, M. H. and Sánchez, M. (1988). Analyst(London), 113, 41-43.
23. Bobbitt, J. M., Colaruotolo, J. F. and Huang, S. -J. (1973). in: J. Electrochem. Soc., 120, 773-773.
24. Monien, H., Specker, H. and Zinke, K. (1967). Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 225, 342-351.
25. Lindquist, J. (1968). in: J. Electroanal. Chem., 18, 204-205.
26. University of Pardubice, Švancara, I., Metelka, R. and Vytřas, K. (2010). CZ Patent registered at the Industrial Property Office, Czech Rep.; No. 301714/22.4.2010.
27. Švancara, I., Metelka, R. and Vytřas, K. (2005). in: Sensing in Electroanalysis, Vol. 1 (Vytřas, K.; Kalcher, K.; Eds.). University of Pardubice: Pardubice, CZ, 7-18.
28. Zima, J., Barek, J. and Muck, A. (2005). Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 55, 657-662.
29. Rice, M. E., Galus, Z. and Adams, R. N. (1983). J. Electroanal. Chem., 143, 89-102.
30. Švancara, I., Walcarius, A., Kalcher, K. and Vytřas, K. (2009). CEJC- Cent. Eur. J. Chem., 7, 598-656.
31. Švancara, I. and Vytřas, K. (1993). Anal. Chim. Acta, 273, 195-204.
32. Nagy, G., Feher, Zs. and Pungor, E. (1970). Anal. Chim. Acta, 52, 47-54.
33. Hvízdalová, M. (1994). A Study on Applicability of Carbon Paste Electrodes in Voltammetry. MSc dissertation (in Czech), University of Pardubice, Pardubice, CZ.
34. Švancara, I., Hvízdalová, K., Vytřas, K., Kalcher, K. and Novotný, R. (1996). Electroanalysis, 8, 61 -65.
35. Švancara, I., Zima, J. and Schachl, K. (1998). Sci. Pap. Univ. Pardubice, Ser.A; 4, 49-63.
36. Švancara, I. and Schachl, K. (1999). Chem. Listy, 93, 490-499.
37. Kalcher, K., Wang J., Kauffmann, J.-M., Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Neuhold, C. and Yang, Z.-P. (1995). Electroanalysis, 7, 5-22.
38. anonymous (2013). " Hi-Tech in Graphite"; http://www.graphite.cz/ index.php? stranka=onas.
39. anonymous (2013). " Cesky Krumlov: Unesco World Heritage/ Graphite Mine"; http://www.ckrumlov.info/docs/cz/atr18.xml
40. Sopha, H., Baldrianova, L., Tesafova, E., Grinciene, G., Weidlich, T., Švancara, I. and Hocevar, S. B. (2010). Electroanalysis, 22, 1489-1493.
41. Rosecka K. (2013). Physicochemical andElectrochemical Characterization of Some New Types of Carbon Pastes. MSc Dissertation (in Czech), University of Pardubice: Pardubice, CZ.
42. Ramirez, M., Diaz, A., Luna, E., Figueroa, Y., Larsen, T. and Bjarte, P. (2005). in: AADE 2005 - National Technical Conference and Exhibition; presentation No AADE-05-NTCE-30. Wyndam Greenspoint, Houston (TX), April 5-7, or also: anonymous (2013). http://www.scribd com/doc/47714011/Successful-Application-of-Synthetic-Graphite-to-Overcom e-Severe-Lost-Circulation.
43. Adams, R. N. (1963). Rev. Polarog. (Kyoto, Jpn), 11, 71-78.
44. Wang, J., Martinez, T., Yaniv, D. R. and McCormick L. (1990). in: J. Electroanal. Chem., 286, 265-272.
45. Švancara, I., Kalcher, K., Vytřas, K. and Diewald, W. (1996). Electroanalysis, 8, 336-342.
46. Cheng, I. F. and Martin, C. R. (1988). Anal. Chem., 60, 2163-2165.
47. Hocevar, S. B. and Ogorevc, B. (2007). Talanta, 74, 405-411.
48. Zakharchuk, N. F. (1991). Personal communication.
49. Lindquist, J. (1973). Anal. Chem., 45, 1006-1008.
50. Ali Qureshi, G. (1978). Libyan J. Sci., 8 A, 37-41.
51. Johansson, E., Marko Varga, G. and Gorton, L. (1993). in: J. Biomater. Appl., 8, 146-173.
52. Vytřas, K. and Švancara, I. (2007). in: Sensing in Electroanalysis, Vol. 2, (Vytřas, K.; Kalcher, K.; Eds.). University of Pardubice: Pardubice, CZ; 7-22.
53. Zima, J., Švancara, I., Barek, J. and Vytřas, K. (2009). CRAC - Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39, 204-227.
54. Li, G., Ji, Z. -M. and Wu, K. -B. (2006). Anal. Chim. Acta, 577, 178-182.
55. Yang, C. -H., Zhao, J., Xu, J. -H., Hu, C. -G. and Hu, S. -S. (2009). Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 89, 233-244.
56. Kauffmann, J. -M., Prete, M. P., Vire, J. -C. and Patriarche, G. J. (1985). Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 321, 172-176.
57. Schmid, G. M. and Bolger, G. W. (1973). Clin. Chem., 19, 1002-1005.
58. Mikysek, T., Stoces, M., Švancara, I. and Kalcher, K. (2013). Unpublished results.
59. Navratilova, Z. (2009). in: Electroanalysis, 21, 1758-1762.
60. Stefan, R. I. and Bairu, S. G. (2003). Anal. Chem., 75, 5394-5398.
61. Wang, J., Kirgoz, U. A., Mo, J. -W., Lu, J. -M., Kawde, A. N. and Muck. A. (2001). Electrochem. Commun., 3, 203-208.
62. Varma, S. and Mitra, C. K. (2002). Electrochem. Commun., 4, 151-157.
63. Rodriguez, M. C. and Rivas, G. A. (2002). Anal. Chim. Acta, 459, 43-51.
64. Ricci, F., Goncalves, C., Amine, A., Gorton, L., Palleschi, G. and Moscone. D. (2003). Electro-analysis, 15, 1204-1211.
65. Kureishi, Y., Tamiaki, H., Shiraishi, H. and Maruyama., K. (1999). Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 48, 95-100.
66. Miranda Hernandez, A., Rincon, M. and Gonzalez, I. (2005). in: Carbon, 43, 1961-1967.
67. Pruneanu, S., Ali, Z., Watson, G., Hu, S. -Q., Lupu, D., Biris, A. R., Olenic, L. and Mihailescu, G. (2006). Sci. Technol, 24, 311-320.
68. Zhu, S. -Y., Fan, L. -S., Liu, X. -Q., Shi, L. -H., Li, H. -J., Han, S. and Xu, G. -B. (2008). Electro-chem. Commun., 10, 695-698.
69. Britto, P. J., Santhanam, K. S. V. and Ajayan, P. M. (1996). Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 41, 121-125.
70. Rubianes, M. D. and Rivas, G. A. (2003). Electrochem. Commun., 5, 689-694.
71. Valentini, F., Amine, A., Orlanducci, S., Terranova, M. L. and Palleschi, G. (2003). Anal. Chem., 75, 5413-5421.
72. Nossol, E. and Zarbin, A. J. G. (2008). Electrochim. Acta, 54, 582-589.
73. Zhu, L., Tian, C., Zhu, D. and Yang, R. (2008). Electroanalysis, 20, 1128-1134.
74. Tang, X. -F., Liu, Y., Hou, H. -Q. and You, T. -Y. (2010). Talanta, 80, 2182-2186.
75. Liu, Y., Wang, D. -W., Huang, J. -S., Hou, H. -Q. and You, T. -Y. (2010). Electrochem. Commun., 12, 1108-1111.
76. Wu, Y. -H., Mao, X. -Y., Cui, X. -J. and Zhu, L. -D. (2010). Sens. Actuators, B; 145, 749-755.
77. Wang, L., Zhang, X. -H., Xiong, H. -Y. and Wang, S. -F. (2010). Biosens. Bioelectron, 26, 991-995.
78. Kalcher, K. (1990). Electroanalysis, 2, 419-433.
79. Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Renger, F. and Smyth, M. R. (1992/93). Sb. Ved. Pr., Vys. Sk. Chemicko- technol., Pardubice, 56, 21-57.
80. Ulakhovich, N. A., Medyanceva, E. P. and Budnikov, G. K. (1993). Zh. Anal. Khim, 48, 980-998.
81. Gorton, L. (1995). Electroanalysis, 7, 23-52.
82. Zhang, Z. -Q., Liu, H., Li, Y. -F. (1998). Fenxi Kexue Xuebao, 14, 80-86; Chem. Abstr. 125, 175403x.
83. Švancara, I. and Vytřas, K. (2000). Chemija (Vilnius), 11, 18-27.
84. Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Zima, J. and Barek, J. (2001). Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 31, 311-345.
85. Kalcher, K., Švancara, I., Buzuk, M., Vytřas, K. and Walcarius, A. (2009). Monatsh. Chem., 140, 861-889.
86. Olson, C. and Adams, R. N. (1960). Anal. Chim. Acta, 22, 582-589.
87. Olson, C. and Adams, R. N. (1963). Anal. Chim. Acta, 29, 358-363.
88. Farsang, Gy. (1965). Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung., 45, 163-176.
89. Beilby, A. L. and Mather, B. R. (1965). Anal. Chem., 37, 766-768.
90. Neeb, R., Kiehnast, I. and Narayanan, A. (1972). Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 262, 339-343.
91. Lindquist, J. (1974). in: J. Electroanal. Chem., 52, 37-46.
92. Soderhjelm, P. (1976). J. Electroanal. Chem., 71, 109-115.
93. Ravichandran, K. and Baldwin, R. P. (1981). J. Electroanal. Chem, 126, 293-300.
94. Ravichandran, K. and Baldwin, R. P. (1984). Anal. Chem., 56, 1744-1747.
95. Wang, J. and Freiha, B. A. (1984). in: J. Chromatogr, 298, 79-84.
96. Danielson, N. D., Wangsa, J., Targove, M. A. (1985). Anal. Chem., 61, 2585-2588.
97. Wang, J., Grundler, P., Flechsig, G. -U., Jasinski, M., Rivas, G., Sahlin, E. and Paz, J. L. L. (2000). Anal. Chem., 72, 3752-3756.
98. Maleki, N., Safavi, A. and Tajabadi, F. (2006). Anal. Chem., 78, 3820-3826.
99. Wang, J. (2002). Ass. Chem. Res., 35, 811-816.
100. Pingarron, J. et al. (2012). in: Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry (De la Guardia, M.; Garrigues, S.; Eds.). J. Wiley: N.Y., US, 262-268 & 282-284.
101. Švancara, I., Baldrianova, L., Tesafova, E., Vlcek, M., Vytřas, K. and Sotiropoulos, S. (2007). in: Sensing in Electroanalysis, Vol. 2 (Vytřas, K.; Kalcher, K.; Eds.), 35-58. Univ. PardubicePressCenter, Pardubice.
102. Mikysek, T., Švancara, I., Bartos, M., Kalcher, K., Vytřas, K. and Ludvik, J. (2009). in: Anal. Chem., 81, 6327-6333.
103. Mikysek, T., Stoces, M., Švancara, I. and Ludvik, J. (2010). in: Sensing in Electroanalysis, Vol. 5 (Vytřas, K.; Kalcher, K.; Švancara, I.; Eds.). Univ. PardubicePressCenter, Pardubice, CZ, 69-75.
104. Mikysek, T., Jovanoski, V., Sopha, H. -I., Švancara, I. and Ludvik, J. (2011). in: Sensing in Electroanalysis, Vol. 6 (Kalcher, K.; Metelka, R.; Švancara, I.; Vytřas, K; Eds.), Univ. PardubicePressCenter, Pardubice, CZ, 157-166.
105. Mikysek, T., Stoces, M., Švancara, I. and Ludvik, J. (2012). RSC Advances, 2, 3684-3690.
106. Hahn, T. (Ed.) (1983). International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. A. Reidel Publishing: DordrechtandBoston, NL and US.
107. Grimmet, G. (1999). Percolation, 2nd Ed. Springer: Berlin, DE.
108. Efron, C. and Ariel, M. (1979). Anal. Chim. Acta, 108, 395-399.
109. Fitt, A. D. and Howell, P. D. (1998). J. Eng. Math., 33, 353-376.
110. Pettichini, S., Boggetti, H., Lopez de Mishima, B. A., Mishima, H. T., Rodriguez, J. and Pastor, E. (2003). in: J. Argentine Chem. Soc., 91, 107-112.
111. Kim, T. -H., Kwon, S. -J., Yoon, H. -H., Chung, C.-W. and Kim J.-S. (2008). Colloids Surf.A, 313, 448-451.
112. Kureishi, Y., Shiraishi, H. and Tamiaki, H. (2001). J. Electroanal. Chem., 496, 13-20.
113. Lee, C. -P., Chen, P. -Y., Vittal, R. and Ho, K. -C. (2010). J. Mater. Chem., 20, 2356-2361.
114. Wang, Z. -Q., Gang Liu, G., Zhang, L. -N. and Wang, H. (2012). Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 12326-12339.
115. Chandrashekar, B. N., Kumara Swamy, B. E., Reddy, S. and Nagendra, P. (2012). Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem., 4, 544-552.
116. Zayed, S. I. M. and Arida, H. A. M. (2013). Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 1340-1348.
117. Mostafa Najafi, M., Darabi, S., Tadjarodi, A. and Imani, M. (2013). Electroanalysis, online: DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200462.
118. Zhang, X. -Z., Li, M., Zhao, J., Chen, B. -J. and Qu, K. -M. (2013). in: J. Chinese Chem. Soc., on-line: DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200465.
119. Ansari, M., Kazemi, S., Khalilzadeh, M. A., Karimi Maleh, H. and Pasha Zanousi, M. B. (2013). Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 1938-1948.
120. Fouladgar, M. and Karimi Maleh, H. (2013). Ionics, DOI: 10.1007 / s11581- 012-08327.