The urban physical environment and its effects on health

Cities and the Health of the Public

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 61-84

  Klitzman, Susan ^a   Matte, Thomas D ^a   Kass, Daniel E ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892825383     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (95)

1. Schultz AJ, Northridge ME. Social determinants of health: Implications for environmental health promotion. Health Educ Behav. 2004; 31:455-71.
2. Northridge ME, Sclar ED, Biswas P. Sorting out the connections between the built environment and health: A conceptual framework for navigating pathways and planning healthy cities. J Urban Health. 2003; 80:556-68.
3. Cohen NL, Perl S. Integrating behavioral and social science into a public health agency: A case study of New York City. J Urban Health. 2003; 80:608-15.
4. Pirkle JL, Kaufmann RB, Brody DJ, Hickman T, Gunter EW, Paschal DC. Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991-1994. Environ Health Perspect. 1998; 106:745-50.
5. Krieger JW, Song L, Takaro TK, Stout J. Asthma and the home environment of lowincome urban children: Preliminary findings from the Seattle-King County healthy homes project. J Urban Health. 2000; 77:50-67.
6. Turner, MA, Kingsley GT, Pettit KLS, Snow C, Tatian PA, Wilson A. Urban Institute: Housing in the nation's capitol. 2003, Sept 29. www.urban.org/url. cfm?ID=1000567.
7. Wallin D, Shill MH, and Daniels G. State of New York City's housing and neighborhoods, 2002-2003. New York: Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, New York University; 2003.
8. Maantay J. Zoning, equity, and public health. Am J Public Health. 2001; 91:1033-41.
9. Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development. Making it in New York. New York City Manufacturing Land Use and Zoning Initiative, 2003.Available from www.picced.org/.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Blood lead levels-United States, 1991-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997; 46:141-46.
11. Gunier RB, Hertz A, Von Behren J, Reynolds P. Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2003; 13:240-46.
12. Jacobs DE, Clickner RP, Zhou JY, et al. The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in U.S. housing. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110:A599-606.
13. Leaderer BP, Belanger K, Triche E, et al. Dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergen concentrations in homes of asthmatic children in the northeastern United States: Impact of socioeconomic factors and population density. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110:419-25.
14. Rauh VA, Chew GR, Garfinkel RS. Deteriorated housing contributes to high cockroach allergen levels in inner-city households. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110(Suppl 2):323-27.
15. Melosi MV. The sanitary city. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000.
16. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Bureau of Vital Statistics. Summary of Vital Statistics 2002, City of New York. Available from www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2002sum.pdf.
17. Plotnikoff RC, Bercovitz K, Loucaides CA. Physical activity, smoking, and obesity among Canadian school youth. Comparison between urban and rural schools. Can J Public Health. 2004; 95:413-18.
18. Ramsey PW, Glenn LL. Obesity and health status in rural, urban, and suburban southern women. South Med J. 2002; 95:666-71.
19. McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. J Rural Health. 1999; 15:365-74.
20. Eberhardt MS, Ingram DD, Makuc DM. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2001 with Urban and Rural Health Chartbook. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus01.pdf.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements. MMWR. 1999; 48:241-43.
22. Melosi MV. Effluent America: Cities, industry, energy and the environment. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press; 2001.
23. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft Report on the Environment. www.epa.gov/indicators/roe/html/roePDF.htm.
24. U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Population in metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas in alphabetical order and numerical and percent change for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1990 and 2000. www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t29/tab01a.pdf.
25. Frank LD, Engelke P, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How land use and transportation systems impact public health: A literature review of the relationship between physical activity and built form (Working document). www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/aces-workingpaper1.pdf.
26. Newman P, Kenworthy J. Gasoline consumption and cities: A comparison of U.S. cities with a global survey. J Am Plann Assoc. 1989; 55:24-37.
27. Graham S. Constructing Premium Network spaces: Reflections on Infrastructure Networks and Contemporary Urban Development. Int J Urban Reg Res. 2000; 24:183-200.
28. Heimlich RE, Anderson WD. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land. http://ers.usda.gov/publications/aer803/aer803.pdf.
29. Haar C. The Use, Misuse, and Reuse of Urban Land. Boston: Little Brown; 1989.
30. Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Black JB, Chen D. Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: An environment scale evaluation. Am J Public Health. 2003; 93:1552-58.
31. Knowlton K. Urban history, urban health. Am J Public Health. 2001; 91:1944-46.
32. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics, 2002, BTS02-08. www.bts. gov/publications/national-transportation-statistics/2002/.
33. Schueler T. The importance of imperviousness. Water protection techniques. 1994; 1:100-111.
34. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Summary State Transportation. Profile. www.bts.gov/publications/transportation- profiles/summary/pdf/entire.pdf.
35. Iseki H, Taylor BD. The demographics of public transit subsidies: A case study of Los Angeles. www.its.berkeley.edu/conferences/trb/00230.pdf.
36. Awofeso N. What's new about the "new public health"? Am J Public Health. 2004; 94:705-9.
37. United Nations. Implementation of Agenda 21: Review of progress made since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992. www. un.org/esa/earthsummit/.
38. Strasser S. Waste and want. New York: Henry Holt; 1999.
39. U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001. Housing and Neighborhood quality-All Housing Units-In Central Cites. www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/ahs01/tab1b6.html.
40. National Center for Healthy Housing. The relationship between housing and health: Children at risk. Workshop, Annapolis, MD, November 7-8, 2003.
41. Newfield J. How the other half still lives: In the shadow of wealth, New York's poor increase. The Nation. 2003 Mar 17:11-17.
42. Link B, Phelan J, Bresnahan M, Stueve A, Moore R, Susser E. Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States: New evidence on an old debate. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1995; 65:347-54.
43. U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census. American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001. Height and condition of building-occupied units. www.census. gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/ahs01/tab22.html.
44. Bashir SA. Home is where the harm is: Inadequate housing as a public health crisis. Am J Public Health. 2002; 92:733-38.
45. Freeman L. America's affordable housing crisis: A contract unfulfilled. Am J Public Health. 2002; 92:709-12.
46. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000 national water quality inventory. www.epa. gov/305b/2000report/.
47. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Cooperative Environmental Management. The environmental future: Emerging challenges and opportunities for EPA. www.epa.gov/ocem/nacept/final-report-nacept-jan2002.pdf.
48. U.S. Geological Survey. The quality of our nation's waters: Nutrients and pesticides. water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/circ1225/pdf/index.html.
49. Swamikannu X, Radulescu D, Young R, Allison R. A comparative analysis: Storm water pollution policy in California, U.S.A., and Victoria, Australia. Water Sci Technol. 2003; 47:311-17.
50. Bay S, Jones BH, Schiff K, Washburn L. Water quality impacts of stormwater discharges to Santa Monica Bay. Mar Environ Res. 2003; 56:205-23.
51. Environmental Protection Agency. Combined Sewer Overflows. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program-id=5.
52. Gaffield SJ, Goo RL, Richards LA, Jackson RJ. Public health effects of inadequately managed stormwater runoff. Am J Public Health. 2003; 93:1527-33.
53. Dwight RH, Semenza JC, Baker DB, Olson BH. Association of urban runoff with coastal water quality in Orange County, California. Water Environ Res. 2002; 74:82-90.
54. Schwartz J, Levin R, Hodge K. Drinking water turbidity and pediatric hospital use for gastrointestinal illness in Philadelphia. Epidemiology. 1997; 8:615-20.
55. Schwartz J, Levin R, Goldstein R. Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000; 54:45-51.
56. Morris RD, Naumova EN, Griffiths JK. Did Milwaukee experience waterborne cryptosporidiosis before the large documented outbreak in 1993? Epidemiology. 1998; 9:264-70.
57. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol. 2002; 36:1202-11.
58. Environmental Protection Agency. Latest findings on national air quality: 2002 Status and trends. www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd02/2002-airtrends- final.pdf.
59. Brauer M, Hoek G, van Vliet P, et al. Estimating long-term average particulate air pollution concentrations: Application of traffic indicators and geographic information systems. Epidemiology. 2003; 14:228-39.
60. Lena TS, Ochieng V, Carter M, Holguin-Veras J, Kinney PL. Elemental carbon and PM(2.5) levels in an urban community heavily impacted by truck traffic. Environ Health Perspect. 2002; 110:1009-15.
61. Friedman MS, Powell KE, Hutwagner L, Graham LM, Teague WG. Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma. JAMA. 2001; 285:897-905.
62. Lwebuga-Mukasa JS, Ayirookuzhi SJ, Hyland A. Traffic volumes and respiratory health care utilization among residents in close proximity to the Peace Bridge before and after September 11, 2001. J Asthma. 2003; 40:855-64.
63. McGee JK, Chen LC, Cohen MD, et al. Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111:972-80.
64. Litt JS, Burke TA. Uncovering the historic environmental hazards of urban brownfields. J Urban Health. 2002; 79:464-81.
65. Lanphear BP, Byrd RS, Auinger P, Schaffer SJ. Community characteristics associated with elevated blood lead levels in children. Pediatrics. 1998; 101:264-71.
66. Farfel MR, Orlova AO, Lees PS, Rohde C, Ashley PJ, Chisolm JJ Jr. A study of urban housing demolitions as sources of lead in ambient dust: Demolition practices and exterior dust fall. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111:1228-34.
67. Mielke HW, Gonzales CR, Smith MK, Mielke PW. The urban environment and children's health: Soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Environ Res. 1999; 81:117-29.
68. Sargent JD, Brown MJ, Freeman JL, Bailey A, Goodman D, Freeman DH Jr. Childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts communities: Its association with sociodemographic and housing characteristics. Am J Public Health. 1995; 85:528-34.
69. Aschengrau A, Beiser A, Bellinger D, Copenhafer D, Weitzman M. The impact of soil lead abatement on urban children's blood lead levels: Phase II results from the Boston Lead-In-Soil Demonstration Project. Environ Res. 1994; 67:125-48.
70. Berglund B, Hassmen P, Job RF. Sources and effects of low-frequency noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996; 99:2985-3002.
71. Ising H, Kruppa B. Health effects caused by noise: Evidence in the literature from the past 25 years. Noise Health. 2004; 6:5-13.
72. Stansfeld S, Haines M, Brown B. Noise and health in the urban environment. Rev Environ Health. 2000; 15:43-82.
73. Gomez-Jacinto L, Moral-Toranzo F. Urban traffic noise and self-reported health. Psychol Rep. 1999; 4:105-8.
74. Jones TS, Liang AP, Kilbourne EM, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with the July 1980 heat wave in St Louis and Kansas City, Mo. JAMA. 1982; 247:3327-31.
75. Smoyer KE, Rainham DG, Hewko JN. Heat-stress-related mortality in five cities in Southern Ontario: 1980-1996. Int J Biometeorol. 2000; 44:190-97.
76. Rainham DG, Smoyer-Tomic KE. The role of air pollution in the relationship between a heat stress index and human mortality in Toronto. Environ Res. 2003; 93:9-19.
77. McGeehin MA, Mirabelli M. The potential impacts of climate variability and change on temperature-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Environ Health Perspect. 2001; 109(Suppl 2):185-89.
78. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heat-related deaths: Chicago, Illinois, 1996-2001, and United States, 1979-1999. MMWR. 2003; 52:610.
79. Davis RE, Knappenberger PC, Novicoff WM, Michaels PJ. Decadal changes in summer mortality in U.S. cities. Int J Biometeorol. 2003; 47:166-75.
80. Weisskopf MG, Anderson HA, Foldy S, et al. Heat wave morbidity and mortality, Milwaukee, Wis., 1999 vs. 1995: An improved response? Am J Public Health. 2002; 92:830-33.
81. Klinenberg E. Heat wave: Social autopsy of disaster in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago; 2003.
82. Saaroni H, Ziv B. The impact of a small lake on heat stress in a Mediterranean urban park: The case of Tel Aviv, Israel. Int J Biometeorol. 2003; 47:156-65.
83. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human plague: United States, 1993-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994; 43:242-45.
84. Phipatanakul W, Eggleston PA, Wright EC, Wood RA. Mouse allergen. II. The relationship of mouse allergen exposure to mouse sensitization and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000; 106:1075-80.
85. Rosenstreich DL, Eggleston P, Kattan M, et al. The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among inner-city children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:1356-63.
86. Thier, A. Environmental Advocates, New York Public Interest Research Group. The toxic treadmill: Pesticide use and sales in New York State, 1997-1998. www.eany. org/reports/treadmill/index.html.
87. McConnell R, Jones C, Milam J, et al. Cockroach counts and house dust allergen concentrations after professional cockroach control and cleaning. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91:546-52.
88. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Total major disaster declarations. www. fema.gov/library/dis-graph.shtm.
89. Leff M, Stallones L, Keefe TJ, Rosenblatt R, Reeds M. Comparison of urban and rural non-fatal injury: The results of a statewide survey. Inj Prev. 2003; 9:332-37.
90. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Top ten natural disasters. www.fema. gov/library/df-8.shtm.
91. Landesman LY. Public health management of disasters. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2001.
92. Norris FH. Disasters in urban context. J Urban Health. 2002; 79:308-14.
93. Vlahov D. Urban disaster: A population perspective. J Urban Health. 2002; 79:295.
94. Cohen DA, Mason K, Bedimo A, Scribner R, Basolo V, Farley TA. Neighborhood physical conditions and health. Am J Public Health. 2003; 93:467-71.
95. Wright RJ, Steinbach SF. Violence: An unrecognized environmental exposure that may contribute to greater asthma morbidity in high risk inner-city populations. Environ Health Perspect. 2001; 109:1085-89.