The reconstruction of identity: A case study from Chachapoya, Peru

Bioarchaeology and Identity in the Americas

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 82-102

  Nystrom, Kenneth C ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892593661     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. Adorno, Rolena. 2000. Guaman Poma: Writing and Resistance in Colonial Peru. Austin: University of Texas Press.
2. Aldenderfer, Mark S., and Charles Stanish. 1993. "Domestic Architecture, Household Archaeology, and the Past in the South-Central Andes." In Domestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes, edited by M. S. Aldenderfer, 1-12. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
3. Bandelier, Adolf. 1907. The Indians and Aboriginal Ruins near Chachapoyas in Northern Peru. Historical Records and Studies. New York: United States Catholic Historical Society.
4. Barbujani, Guido, Ivane S. Nasidze, and Gerard N. Whitehead. 1994. "Genetic Diversity in the Caucasus." Human Biology 66: 639-668.
5. Barbujani, Guido, and Robert R. Sokal. 1991. "Genetic Population Structure of Italy, II: Physical and Cultural Barriers to Gene Flow." American Journal of Human Genetics 48: 398-411.
6. Barbujani, Guido, Paolo Vian, and Luigi Fabbris. 1992. "Cultural Barriers Associated with Large Gene Frequency Differences among Italian Populations." Human Biology 64: 479-495.
7. Barth, Fredrik. 1969. "Introduction." In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, edited by F. Barth, 9-38. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
8. Bauer, Brian S. 1992. The Development of the Inca State. Austin: University of Texas Press.
9. Beck, Lane A. 1995. "Regional Cults and Ethnic Boundaries in 'Southern Hopewell.'" In Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis, edited by L. A. Beck, 167-187. New York: Plenum Press.
10. Bentley, G. Carter. 1987. "Ethnicity and Practice." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29: 24-55.
11. Bentley, G. Carter. 1991. "Response to Yelvington." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33: 169-175.
12. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Bracamonte, G. Florencia. 2002. "Los Pinchudos: Un estudio preliminar de su población." Sian 8: 14-15.
14. Buikstra, Jane E., and Douglas H. Ubelaker, editors. 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archeological Survey.
15. Bulayeva, Kazima, Lynn B. Jorde, Christopher Ostler, Scott Watkins, Oleg Bulayev, and Henry Harpending. 2003. "Genetics and Population History of Caucasus Populations." Human Biology 75: 837-853.
16. Carson, E. Anne. 2006. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Human Craniometric Heritabilities." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131: 169-180.
17. Church, Warren B. 1994. "Early Occupations at Gran Pajatén, Peru." Andean Past 4: 281-318.
18. Church, Warren B. 1996. "Prehistoric Cultural Development and Interregional Interaction in the Tropical Montane Forests of Perú." Doctoral dissertation, Yale University, Department of Anthropology.
19. Church, Warren B. 1997. "Mas allá del Gran Pajatén: Conservando el paisaje prehispánico Pataz- Abiseo." Revista del Museo de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia 7: 205-248.
20. Cieza de León, Pedro de. 1998 [1553]. The Discovery and Conquest of Peru: Chronicles of the New World Encounter. Edited and translated by A. P. Cook and N. D. Cook. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
21. Eriksen, Thomas H. 1991. "The Cultural Contexts of Ethnic Differences." Man 26: 127-144.
22. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. 1967. "Los señoríos étnicos de Chachapoyas y la alianza hispano-chacha: Visitas, informaciones y memoriales inéditos de 1572-1574." Revista Histórica 30: 224-283.
23. Geertz, Clifford. 1963. "The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States." In Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa, edited by C. Geertz, 105-157. London: Free Press of Glencoe.
24. Goetze, David, and Patrick James. 2001. "What Can Evolutionary Theory Say about Ethnic Phenomena?" In Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Conflict, edited by P. James and D. Goetze, 3-18. London: Praeger.
25. Guillén, Sonia E. 1998. "Laguna de los Cóndores: Donde viven los muertos." Bien Venida 6: 43-48.
26. Guillén, Sonia E. 2003. "Keeping Ancestors Alive: The Mummies from Laguna de los Cóndores, Amazonas, Perú." In Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Mummy Studies, Nuuk, Greenland, September 4-10, 2001, edited by N. Lynnerup, C. Andreasen, and J. Berglund, 162-164. Copenhagen: Greenland National Museum and Archives and Danish Polar Center.
27. Hegmon, Michelle. 1994. "Boundary-Making Strategies in Early Pueblo Societies: Style and Architecture in the Kayenta and Mesa Verde Regions." In The Ancient Southwestern Community: Models and Methods for the Study of Prehistoric Social Organization, edited by W. H. Wills and R. D. Leonard, 171-188. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
28. Issacs, Harold. 1974. "Basic Group Identity: The Idols of the Tribe." Ethnicity 1: 15-41.
29. Jenkins, Richard. 2003. "Rethinking Ethnicity: Identity, Categorization, and Power." In Race and Ethnicity: Comparative and Theoretical Approaches, edited by J. Stone and R. Dennis, 59-71. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
30. Jones, Siân. 1997. The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. London and New York: Routledge.
31. Jorde, Lynn B. 1980. "The Genetic Structure of Subdivided Human Populations." In Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics, edited by J. H. Mielke and M. H. Crawford, 135-208. New York: Plenum Press.
32. Kauffmann Doig, Federico. 1980. "'Los Pinchudos': Exploración de ruinas intactas en la selva." Boletín de Lima 7: 26-31.
33. Kauffmann Doig, Federico. 2001. "Los Sarcófagos de Carajía: A 15 años de un descubrimiento sensacional." Arkinka 65: 76-91.
34. Kauffmann Doig, Federico. 2002. Historia y arte del Perú antiguo. Vol. 4. Lima, Peru: PEISA.
35. Kauffmann Doig, Federico, Miriam Salazar, Daniel Morales, Iain Mackay, and Oscar Sacay. 1989. "Andes Amazónicos: Sitios intervenidos por la expedición Antisuyo/86." Arqueológicas 20: 6-57. Lima: Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología.
36. Keyes, Charles F. 1976. "Towards a New Formulation of the Concept of Ethnic Group." Ethnicity 3: 202-213.
37. Konigsberg, Lyle W., and Stephen D. Ousley. 1995. "Multivariate Quantitative Genetics of Anthropometric Traits from the Boas Data." Human Biology 67: 481-498.
38. Langlois, Louis. 1934. "Las ruinas de Cuelap." Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima 51: 20-34.
39. Langlois, Louis. 1940a. "Utcubamba: Investigaciones arqueológicas en este valle del Departamento de Amazonas (Perú), Continuación." Revista del Museo Nacional 9: 33-72.
40. Langlois, Louis. 1940b. "Utcubamba: Investigaciones arqueológicas en este valle del Departamento de Amazonas (Perú), Conclusión." Revista del Museo Nacional 9: 191-225.
41. Larsson, Lars. 1989. "Ethnicity and Traditions in Mesolithic Mortuary Practices of Southern Scandinavia." In Archaeological Approaches to Cultural Identity, edited by S. J. Shennan, 210-218. London: Unwin Hyman.
42. Lerche, Peter. 1995. Los Chachapoya y los símbolos de su historia. Lima: n.p.
43. Lightfoot, Kent G., Antoinette Martinez, and Ann M. Schiff. 1998. "Daily Practice and Material Culture in Pluralistic Social Settings: An Archaeological Study of Culture Change and Persistence from Fort Ross, California." American Antiquity 63: 199-222.
44. MacEachern, Scott. 1992. "Ethnicity and Stylistic Variation around Mayo Plata, Northern Cameroon." In An African Commitment: Papers in Honour of Peter Lewis Shinnie, edited by J. Sterner and N. David, 211-230. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
45. Madrigal, L., B. Ware, R. Miller, G. Saenz, M. Chavez, and D. Dykes. 2001. "Ethnicity, Gene Flow, and Population Subdivision in Limón, Costa Rica." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114: 99-108.
46. Moerman, Michael. 1968. "Being Lue: Uses and Abuses of Ethnic Identification." In Essays on the Problem of Tribe: Proceedings of the 1967 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, edited by J. Helm, 153-169. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
47. Morales, G. Ricardo. 2002a. "Los Pinchudos: Al rescate de una arquitectura funeraria en emergencia, II parte." Arkinka 79: 86-99.
48. Morales, G. Ricardo. 2002b. "Los Pinchudos: Arquitectura funeraria en Río Abiseo, San Martín, I parte." Arkinka 76: 92-101.
49. Morales, G. Ricardo, Luis V. Alvarez, Warren B. Church, and Luis C. Tello. 2002. "Los Pinchudos: Un estudio preliminar de su población." Sian 8: 1-41.
50. Muscutt, Keith. 1998. Warriors of the Clouds: A Lost Civilization in the Upper Amazon of Peru. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
51. Muscutt, Keith. 2003. Unpublished History Channel Site Report on Vira Vira, Peru
52. Nagata, Judith A. 1974. "What Is Malay?: Situational Selection of Ethnic Identity in a Plural Society." American Ethnologist 1: 331-350.
53. Naroll, Raoul. 1968. "Who the Lue Are." In Essays on the Problem of Tribe: Proceedings of the 1967 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, edited by J. Helm, 72-79. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
54. Narváez Vargas, L. Alfredo. 1988. "Kuelap: Una ciudad fortificada en los Andes nororientales de Amazonas, Perú." In Arquitectura y arqueología: pasado y futuro de la construcción en el Perú, edited by V. Rangel Flores, 115-142. Chiclayo: Universidad de Chiclayo, Perú.
55. Narváez Vargas, L. Alfredo. 1996a. "La fortaleza de Kuélap." Arkinka 12: 92-108.
56. Narváez Vargas, L. Alfredo. 1996b. "La fortaleza de Kuélap." Arkinka 13: 90-98.
57. Nystrom, Kenneth C. 2004. "Trauma y identidad entre los Chachapoya." Primera Conferencia Internacional sobre el Arte, la Arqueología y la Etnohistoria de los Chachapoya, Leymebamba, Perú. Sian 9, no. 15: 20-21.
58. Nystrom, Kenneth C. 2005a. "The Biological and Social Consequences of Inka Conquest of the Chachapoya Region of Northern Perú." Doctoral dissertation, University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology.
59. Nystrom, Kenneth C. 2005b. "Chachapoya Mummies from the Laguna Huayabamba." Proceedings of the 5th World Mummy Congress, Turin, Italy. Journal of Biological Research 80: 197-200.
60. Nystrom, Kenneth C. 2006. "Late Chachapoya Population Structure Prior to Inka Conquest." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131: 334-342.
61. Oakland Rodman, Amy. 1992. "Textiles and Ethnicity: Tiwanaku in San Pedro de Atacama, North Chile." Latin American Antiquity 3: 316-340.
62. Reichlen, Henry, and Paule Reichlen. 1950. "Recherches Archéologiques dans les Andes du Haut Utcubamba." Journal de la Société des Américanistes 39: 219-246.
63. Relethford, John H., and John Blangero. 1990. "Detection of Differential Gene Flow from Patterns of Quantitative Variation." Human Biology 62: 5-25.
64. Relethford, John H., Michael H. Crawford, and John Blangero. 1997. "Genetic Drift and Gene Flow in Post-Famine Ireland." Human Biology 69: 443-465.
65. Ruiz Estrada, Arturo. 1969. "Alfarería del estilo Huari en Cuelap." Boletín del Seminario de Arqueología 4: 60-65.
66. Sackett, James R. 1982. "Approaches to Style in Lithic Archaeology." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1: 59-112.
67. Sackett, James R. 1985. "Style and Ethnicity in the Kalahari: A Reply to Wiessner." American Antiquity 50: 154-159.
68. Salter, Frank. 2001. "A Defense and an Extension of Pierre van den Berghe's Theory of Ethnic Nepotism." In Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Conflict, edited by P. James and D. Goetze, 39-70. London: Praeger.
69. Santley, Robert, Clare Yarborough, and Barbara Hall. 1987. "Enclaves, Ethnicity, and the Archaeological Record at Matacapan." In Ethnicity and Culture: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, edited by R. Auger, M. F. Glass, S. MacEachern, and P. H. McCartney, 85-100. Calgary: University of Calgary Archaeological Association.
70. Schillaci, Michael A., and Christopher M. Stojanowski. 2005. "Craniometric Variation and Population History of the Prehistoric Tewa." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126: 404-412.
71. Schjellerup, Inge. 1980/1981. "Documents on Stone and in Paper: A Preliminary Report on Cochabamba, an Inca Administrative Center." Folk 22/23: 299-311.
72. Schjellerup, Inge. 1984. Cochabamba-an Inca Administrative Centre in the Rebellious Province of Chachapoyas. BAR International Series 210. Oxford: Archaeopress.
73. Schjellerup, Inge. 1997. Incas and Spaniards in the Conquest of the Chachapoyas, Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Research in the North-eastern Andes of Perú. GOTARC, series B, Gothenburg Archaeological Theses, 7. Göteborg University.
74. Schjellerup, Inge, Mikael K. Sørensen, Carolina Espinoza, Victor Quipuscoa, and Victor Peña. 2003. The Forgotten Valleys: Past and Present in the Utilization of Resources in the Ceja de Selva, Perú. Ethnographic Monographs No. 1. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.
75. Shils, Edward. 1957. "Primordial, Personal, Sacred and Civil Ties: Some Particular Observations on the Relationships of Sociological Research and Theory." British Journal of Sociology 8: 130-145.
76. Smith, M. T., W. R. William, J. J. McHugh, and A. H. Bittles. 1990. "Isonymic Analysis of Post-Famine Relationships in the Ards Peninsula, N. E. Ireland: Effects of Geographical and Politico-Religious Boundaries." American Journal of Human Biology 2: 245-254.
77. Sokal, Robert R., Geoffrey M. Jacquez, Neal L. Oden, Donna DiGiovanni, Anthony B. Falsetti, Elizabeth McGee, and Barbara A. Thomson. 1993. "Genetic Relationships of European Populations Reflect Their Ethnohistorical Affinities." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 91: 55-70.
78. Steadman, Dawnie W. 1997. "Population Genetic Analysis of Regional and Interregional Prehistoric Gene Flow in West-Central Illinois." Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology.
79. Steadman, Dawnie W. 2001. "Mississippians in Motion?: A Population Genetic Analysis of Interregional Gene Flow in West-Central Illinois." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114: 61-73.
80. Stojanowski, Christopher M. 2004. "Population History of Native Groups in Pre- and Postcontact Spanish Florida: Aggregation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift on the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123: 316-332.
81. Stojanowski, Christopher M. 2005. "The Bioarchaeology of Identity in Spanish Colonial Florida: Social and Evolutionary Transformation before, during, and after Demographic Collapse." American Anthropologist 107: 417-431.
82. Tagarelli, A., A. Piro, G. Tagarelli, P. Lagonia, A. Bulo, A. Falchi, L. Varesi, G. Vona, and C. M. Calò. 2005. "Genetic Characterization of the Historical Albanian Ethnic Minority of Calabria (Southern Italy)." Human Biology 77: 45-60.
83. Tatarek, Nancy E., and Paul W. Sciulli. 2000. "Comparison of Population Structure in Ohio's Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric Periods." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112: 363-376.
84. Urton, Gary. 2001. "A Calendrical and Demographic Tomb Text from Northern Peru." Latin American Antiquity 12: 127-148.
85. van den Berghe, Pierre L. 1978. "Race and Ethnicity: A Sociobiological Perspective." Ethnic and Racial Studies 1: 401-411.
86. von Hagen, Adriana. 2002. "Chachapoya Iconography and Society at Laguna de los Cóndores, Perú." In Andean Archaeology Volume II: Art, Landscape, and Society, edited by H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell, 137-155. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
87. Wiessner, Polly. 1983. "Style and Social Information in Kalahari San Projectile Points." American Antiquity 48: 253-276.
88. Wiessner, Polly. 1985. "Style or Isochrestic Variation?: A Reply to Sackett." American Antiquity 50: 160-166.