Status dystonicus: A practice guide

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 105-112

  Allen, Nicholas M ^a   Lin, Jean Pierre ^b   Lynch, Tim ^c   King, Mary D ^a  

^a CHILDREN S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^b EVELINA LONDON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c MATER MISERICORDIAE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; BACLOFEN; BENZATROPINE; BIPERIDEN; BROMOCRIPTINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CARBIDOPA PLUS LEVODOPA; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLONIDINE; CLOZAPINE; GABAPENTIN; LEVODOPA; LITHIUM; MIDAZOLAM; OLANZAPINE; PHENYTOIN; PIMOZIDE; PRIMIDONE; RISPERIDONE; VALPROIC ACID;

ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DYSTONIA; DYSTONIC DISORDER; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; PALLIDOTOMY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATUS DYSTONICUS; THALAMOTOMY;

ADOLESCENT; BACLOFEN; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHLORAL HYDRATE; CLONIDINE; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; CRITICAL PATHWAYS; DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DYSTONIC DISORDERS; EMERGENCIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INJECTIONS, SPINAL; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC; INTUBATION, GASTROINTESTINAL; PALLIDOTOMY; RISK FACTORS; THALAMUS;

EID: 84892484381     PISSN: 00121622     EISSN: 14698749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12339     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Sanger TD, Chen D, Fehlings DL, et al. Definition and classification of hyperkinetic movements in childhood. Mov Disord 2010; 25: 1538-49.
2. Monbaliu E, Ortibus E, De Cat J, et al. The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale: a new instrument to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54: 278-83.
3. Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 2013; 28: 863-73.
4. Roubertie A, Rivier F, Humbertclaude V, et al. The varied etiologies of childhood-onset dystonia. Rev Neurol 2002; 158: 413-24. (In French).
5. Fasano A, Ricciardi L, Bentivoglio AR, et al. Status dystonicus: predictors of outcome and progression patterns of underlying disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27: 783-8.
6. Manji H, Howard RS, Miller DH, et al. Status dystonicus: the syndrome and its management. Brain 1998; 121: 243-52.
7. Teive HA, Munhoz RP, Souza MM, et al. Status Dystonicus: study of five cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005; 63: 26-9.
8. Apetauerova D, Schirmer CM, Shils JL, Zani J, Arle JE. Successful bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for persistent status dystonicus and generalized chorea. J Neurosurg 2010; 113: 634-8.
9. Walcott BP, Nahed BV, Kahle KT, Duhaime AC, Sharma N, Eskandar EN. Deep brain stimulation for medically refractory life-threatening status dystonicus in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2012; 9: 99-102.
10. Lumsden DE, Lundy C, Fairhurst C, Lin JP. Dystonia Severity Action Plan: a simple grading system for medical severity of status dystonicus and life-threatening dystonia. Dev Med Child Neurol 2013; 55: 671-2.
11. Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD, Bressman SB, Moskowitz C, Friedman J. Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias. Neurology 1985; 35: 73-7.
12. Muirhead W, Jalloh I, Vloeberghs M. Status dystonicus resembling the intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4: 294.
13. Grosso S, Verrotti A, Messina M, Sacchini M, Balestri P. Management of status dystonicus in children. Cases report and review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16: 390-5.
14. Mariotti P, Fasano A, Contarino MF, et al. Management of status dystonicus: our experience and review of the literature. Mov Disord 2007; 22: 963-8.
15. Jamuar SS, Newton SA, Prabhu SP, et al. Rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and cardiac arrest secondary to status dystonicus in a child with glutaric aciduria type I. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106: 488-90.
16. Marsden CD, Marion MH, Quinn N. The treatment of severe dystonia in children and adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47: 1166-73.
17. Guerrini R, Moro F, Kato M, et al. Expansion of the first PolyA tract of ARX causes infantile spasms and status dystonicus. Neurology 2007; 69: 427-33.
18. Mishra D, Singhal S, Juneja M. Status dystonicus a rare complication of dystonia. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47: 883-5.
19. Kovacs N, Balas I, Janszky J, Simon M, Fekete S, Komoly S. Status dystonicus in tardive dystonia successfully treated by bilateral deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113: 808-9.
20. Svetel M, Sternic N, Pejovic S, Kostic VS. Penicillamine-induced lethal status dystonicus in a patient with Wilson's disease. Mov Disord 2001; 16: 568-9.
21. Paliwal VK, Gupta PK, Pradhan S. Gabapentin as a rescue drug in D-penicillamine-induced status dystonicus in patients with Wilson disease. Neurol India 2010; 58: 761-3.
22. Nirenberg MJ, Ford B. Dystonic Storm. In: Frucht SJ, editor. Movement Disorder Emergencies: Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd edn). New York, NY: Springer, Human Press, 2013: 125-35.
23. Jankovic J, Penn AS. Severe dystonia and myoglobinuria. Neurology 1982; 32: 1195-7.
24. Watemberg N, Leshner RL, Armstrong BA, Lerman-Sagie T. Acute pediatric rhabdomyolysis. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 222-7.
25. Vaamonde J, Narbona J, Weiser R, Garcia MA, Brannan T, Obeso JA. Dystonic storms: a practical management problem. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994; 17: 344-7.
26. Rosenberg H, Davis M, James D, Pollock N, Stowell K. Malignant hyperthermia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007; 2: 21.
27. Coffey RJ, Edgar TS, Francisco GE, et al. Abrupt withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen: recognition and management of a potentially life-threatening syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83: 735-41.
28. Kipps CM, Fung VS, Grattan-Smith P, de Moore GM, Morris JG. Movement disorder emergencies. Mov Disord 2005; 20: 322-34.
29. Munhoz RP, Moscovich M, Araujo PD, Teive HA. Movement disorders emergencies: a review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2012; 70: 453-61.
30. Kirkham FJ, Haywood P, Kashyape P, et al. Movement disorder emergencies in childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2011; 15: 390-404.
31. Blackman JA, Patrick PD, Buck ML, Rust RS Jr. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia after brain injury. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 321-8.
32. Wait SD, Ponce FA, Killory BD, Wallace D, Rekate HL. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome from central nervous system insult: 4 cases and a novel treatment strategy. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2009; 4: 217-21.
33. Kurian MA, Li Y, Zhen J, et al. Clinical and molecular characterisation of hereditary dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome: an observational cohort and experimental study. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 54-62.
34. Roubertie A, Mariani LL, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Doummar D, Roze E. Treatment for dystonia in childhood. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 1292-9.
35. Chatzizisis YS, Misirli G, Hatzitolios AI, Giannoglou GD. The syndrome of rhabdomyolysis: complications and treatment. Eur J Intern Med 2008; 19: 568-74.
36. Kyriagis M, Grattan-Smith P, Scheinberg A, Teo C, Nakaji N, Waugh M. Status dystonicus and Hallervorden-Spatz disease: treatment with intrathecal baclofen and pallidotomy. J Paediatr Child Health 2004; 40: 322-5.
37. Opal P, Tintner R, Jankovic J, et al. Intrafamilial phenotypic variability of the DYT1 dystonia: from asymptomatic TOR1A gene carrier status to dystonic storm. Mov Disord 2002; 17: 339-45.
38. Dalvi A, Fahn S, Ford B. Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of dystonic storm. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 611-2.
39. Nardocci N, Temudo T, Echenne B. Status dystonicus in children. In: Fernandez-Alvarez E, editor. Paediatric Movement Disorders. Progress in Understandings. France: John Libbey Eurotext, 2005: 71-6.
40. Narayan RK, Loubser PG, Jankovic J, Donovan WH, Bontke CF. Intrathecal baclofen for intractable axial dystonia. Neurology 1991; 41: 1141-2.
41. Paret G, Tirosh R, Ben ZB, Vardi A, Brandt N, Barzilay Z. Intrathecal baclofen for severe torsion dystonia in a child. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85: 635-7.
42. Elkay M, Silver K, Penn RD, Dalvi A. Dystonic storm due to Batten's disease treated with pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord 2009; 24: 1048-53.
43. Coubes P, Echenne B, Roubertie A., et al. [Treatment of early-onset generalized dystonia by chronic bilateral stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Apropos of a case]. Neurochirurgie 1999; 45: 139-44.
44. Angelini L, Nardocci N, Estienne M, Conti C, Dones I, Broggi G. Life-threatening dystonia-dyskinesias in a child: successful treatment with bilateral pallidal stimulation. Mov Disord 2000; 15: 1010-2.
45. Zorzi G, Marras C, Nardocci N, et al. Stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for childhood-onset dystonia. Mov Disord 2005; 20: 1194-200.
46. Jech R, Bares M, Urgosik D, et al. Deep brain stimulation in acute management of status dystonicus. Mov Disord 2009; 24: 2291-2.
47. Martinez-Torres I, Limousin P, Tisch S, et al. Early and marked benefit with GPi DBS for Lubag syndrome presenting with rapidly progressive life-threatening dystonia. Mov Disord 2009; 24: 1710-2.
48. Grandas F, Fernandez-Carballal C, Guzman-de-Villoria J, Ampuero I. Treatment of a dystonic storm with pallidal stimulation in a patient with PANK2 mutation. Mov Disord 2011; 26: 921-2.
49. Aydin S, Abuzayed B, Uysal S, et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in a 5-year-old child with dystonic storm: case report. Turk Neurosurg 2013; 23: 125-8.
50. Schumacher J, Wille C, Vesper J. Management of postoperative respiratory failure in a patient with acute diaphragmatic status dystonicus. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108: 329-30.
51. Chakraborti S, Hasegawa H, Lumsden DE, et al. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for refractory total body dystonia secondary to metabolic autopallidotomy in a 4-year-old boy with infantile methylmalonic acidemia. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 12: 374-9.
52. Balas I, Kovacs N, Hollody K. Staged bilateral stereotactic pallidothalamotomy for life-threatening dystonia in a child with Hallervorden-Spatz disease. Mov Disord 2006; 21: 82-5.
53. Forsyth R, Newton R, editors. Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics. Paediatric Neurology. Status Dystonicus. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012. 474-9.