메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Regulating fatty acids in infant formula: Critical assessment of U.S. policies and practices

Author keywords

DHA; Docosahexaenoic acid; Fatty acids; Infant formula; Regulation

Indexed keywords


EID: 84892393350     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17464358     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1746-4358-9-2     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (14)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 84893854470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experts disagree on adding fatty acid to infant formula
    • Brody JE. Experts disagree on adding fatty acid to infant formula. New York Times 1996, [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/06/us/experts-disagree-on-adding-fatty-acid-to-infant-formula.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm].
    • (1996) New York Times
    • Brody, J.E.1
  • 2
    • 84893876747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonisation: Mercosur gets to work on nutrition claims
    • Guidice C. Harmonisation: Mercosur gets to work on nutrition claims. EAS Strateg Advice: Europe 2012, [http://www.eas.eu/News_Item/921].
    • (2012) EAS Strateg Advice: Europe
    • Guidice, C.1
  • 3
    • 84893828475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO to cooperate with AOAC on infant formula standards
    • Astley M. ISO to cooperate with AOAC on infant formula standards. Nutra Ingredients.com 2012, [http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/ISO-to-cooperate-with-AOAC-on-infant-formula-standards].
    • (2012) Nutra Ingredients.com
    • Astley, M.1
  • 4
    • 84893859863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3
    • Website, GOED
    • GOED Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3. 2012, Website [http://www.goedomega3.com], GOED.
    • (2012)
  • 5
    • 70450274811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard for Infant Formula and Formulas for Special Medical Purposes Intended for Infants
    • CODEX STAN 72-1981. (Formerly CAC/RS 72-1972. Adopted as a world-wide Standard 1981. Amended 1983, 1985, 1987. Revision 2007. Amended 2011). Codex Alimentarius Commission
    • Codex Alimentarius Commission Standard for Infant Formula and Formulas for Special Medical Purposes Intended for Infants. CODEX STAN 72-1981. (Formerly CAC/RS 72-1972. Adopted as a world-wide Standard 1981. Amended 1983, 1985, 1987. Revision 2007. Amended 2011). [http://www.codexalimentarius.org], Codex Alimentarius Commission.
  • 6
    • 84893823379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Title 21 Part 107 (21CFR107)
    • U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
    • U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Part 107 (21CFR107). 2003, [http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/21cfr107_03.html], U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.
    • (2003)
  • 7
    • 67649421200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of supplementing infant formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and Bifidobacterium lactis in term infants: a randomized controlled trial
    • 10.1017/S0007114508084080, 19134240
    • Gibson RA, Barclay D, Marshall H, Moulin J, Maire J-C, Makrides M. Safety of supplementing infant formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and Bifidobacterium lactis in term infants: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2009, 101(11):1706-1713. 10.1017/S0007114508084080, 19134240.
    • (2009) Br J Nutr , vol.101 , Issue.11 , pp. 1706-1713
    • Gibson, R.A.1    Barclay, D.2    Marshall, H.3    Moulin, J.4    Maire, J.-C.5    Makrides, M.6
  • 9
    • 84893876514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS: Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Beech-Nut Corporation 2/22/10. Warning Letter 2010, Washington, DC: USDHHS: Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/iceci/enforcementactions/warningletters/ucm202834.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2010) Beech-Nut Corporation 2/22/10. Warning Letter
  • 11
    • 84893862682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizon organic gets flogged for bending its definition of 'organic'
    • Living Wholesome
    • Living Wholesome Horizon organic gets flogged for bending its definition of 'organic'. Living Wholesome 2011, Living Wholesome.
    • (2011) Living Wholesome
  • 12
    • 84893854745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenge to horizon organic's DHA fortified milk
    • Mitchell C. Challenge to horizon organic's DHA fortified milk. Food Safety News 2011, [http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/03/challenge-to-horizon-organics-new-dha-fortified-milk/].
    • (2011) Food Safety News
    • Mitchell, C.1
  • 13
    • 84893826549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS: Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Letter to Deputy Administrator of National Organic Program, USDA 2011, Washington, DC: USDHHS: Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2011) Letter to Deputy Administrator of National Organic Program, USDA
  • 14
    • 84893826848 scopus 로고
    • Martek sells its first product
    • Mullaney TJ. Martek sells its first product. Baltimore Sun 1994, [http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-12-14/business/1994348144_1_martek-biotechnology-baby-formulas].
    • (1994) Baltimore Sun
    • Mullaney, T.J.1
  • 15
    • 84893872389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant benefits: DHA & ARA for infants health
    • Martek
    • Martek Infant benefits: DHA & ARA for infants health. Life's DHA: Healthy Brain, Eyes, Heart 2012, [http://www.lifesdha.com/dha-at-every-age/infants.aspx], Martek.
    • (2012) Life's DHA: Healthy Brain, Eyes, Heart
  • 16
    • 84861840974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of formula and infant cognition
    • Qawasmi A, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of formula and infant cognition. Pediatrics 2012, 129(6).
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.129 , Issue.6
    • Qawasmi, A.1    Landeros-Weisenberger, A.2    Leckman, J.F.3    Bloch, M.H.4
  • 18
    • 44949263977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
    • Simmer K, Patole S, Rao SC. Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008,
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Simmer, K.1    Patole, S.2    Rao, S.C.3
  • 19
    • 84893851010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant development: the benefits of DHA and ARA during infancy
    • Martek
    • Martek Infant development: the benefits of DHA and ARA during infancy. 2012, [http://www.lifesdha.com/clinical-research/infant-development.aspx], Martek.
    • (2012)
  • 22
    • 84893819536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Columbia, Maryland: Martek Biosciences Corporation, Martek
    • Martek Martek signs sole-source supply agreement with Fonterra 2009, Columbia, Maryland: Martek Biosciences Corporation, [http://www.prweb.com/releases/dairy_fonterra/martek_biosciences/prweb3321614.htm], Martek.
    • (2009) Martek signs sole-source supply agreement with Fonterra
  • 23
    • 84893867876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • About life's DHA
    • Martek
    • Martek About life's DHA. 2012, [http://www.lifesdha.com/dha-at-every-age/infants.aspx], Martek.
    • (2012)
  • 24
    • 84861918102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the measure the message: the BSID and nutritional interventions
    • 10.1542/peds.2012-0934, 3362912, 22641756
    • Colombo J, Carlson SE. Is the measure the message: the BSID and nutritional interventions. Pediatrics 2012, 129(6):1166-1167. 10.1542/peds.2012-0934, 3362912, 22641756.
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1166-1167
    • Colombo, J.1    Carlson, S.E.2
  • 25
    • 84893821703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Questions & answers for consumers concerning infant formula 2013, Washington, DC: USDHHS Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/PeopleAtRisk/ucm108079.htm#16, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2013) Questions & answers for consumers concerning infant formula
  • 26
    • 84893828114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nutritional adequacy of infant formula
    • Kent G. The nutritional adequacy of infant formula. Clin Lactation 2012, 3(1):21-25.
    • (2012) Clin Lactation , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Kent, G.1
  • 27
    • 84893853723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baby's Only Essentials® DHA Fatty Acid Supplement
    • Nature's One
    • Nature's One Baby's Only Essentials® DHA Fatty Acid Supplement. 2012, [http://www.naturesone.com/dha/#], Nature's One.
    • (2012)
  • 28
    • 33644640942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA perspective on health claims for food labels
    • 10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.023, 16480811
    • Rowlands JC, Hoadley J. FDA perspective on health claims for food labels. Toxicology 2006, 221:35-43. 10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.023, 16480811.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.221 , pp. 35-43
    • Rowlands, J.C.1    Hoadley, J.2
  • 29
    • 33846846130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA's review of scientific evidence for health claims
    • Schneeman B. FDA's review of scientific evidence for health claims. J Nutr 2007, 137(2):493-494.
    • (2007) J Nutr , vol.137 , Issue.2 , pp. 493-494
    • Schneeman, B.1
  • 30
    • 35348959064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new EC regulation on nutrition and health claims on foods
    • Reuterswärd AL. The new EC regulation on nutrition and health claims on foods. Scand J Food Nutr 2007, 51(3):100-106.
    • (2007) Scand J Food Nutr , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 100-106
    • Reuterswärd, A.L.1
  • 31
    • 84893830501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it really FDA approved?
    • USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Is it really FDA approved?. 2012, USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm047470.htm#formula], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2012)
  • 32
    • 84864500569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA's health claim review: whey-protein partially hydrolyzed infant formula and atopic dermatitis
    • Chung CS, Yamini S, Trumbo PR. FDA's health claim review: whey-protein partially hydrolyzed infant formula and atopic dermatitis. Pediatrics 2012, 130:2.
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.130 , pp. 2
    • Chung, C.S.1    Yamini, S.2    Trumbo, P.R.3
  • 33
    • 84893822332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health claims meeting Significant Scientific Agreement (SSA)
    • USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health claims meeting Significant Scientific Agreement (SSA). 2012, USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm2006876.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2012)
  • 34
    • 84893872290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant Formula Council (IFC) statement on DHA/ARA and infant formula
    • Infant Formula Council
    • Infant Formula Council Infant Formula Council (IFC) statement on DHA/ARA and infant formula. Infant Feeding & Nutrition 2010, [http://www.infantformula.org/news-room/press-releases-and-statements/infant-formula-and-dha/ara], Infant Formula Council.
    • (2010) Infant Feeding & Nutrition
  • 35
    • 84893873509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Guidelines concerning notification and testing of infant formulas 2009, Washington, DC: USDHHS, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, [http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/InfantFormula/ucm169730.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2009) Guidelines concerning notification and testing of infant formulas
  • 36
    • 43549120854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000041 2001, Washington, DC: USDHHS, Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm154126.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2001) Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000041
  • 37
    • 84879817471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRAS notice inventory
    • USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services GRAS notice inventory. 2012, USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/default.htm, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2012)
  • 38
    • 84879170017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about GRAS
    • USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about GRAS. 2004, USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/IngredientsAdditivesGRASPackaging/ucm061846.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2004)
  • 39
    • 43549120854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000080 2001, Washington, DC: USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm154201.htm], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2001) Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000080
  • 41
    • 84893869545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cornucopia, Wisconsin: Cornucopia Institute, Cornucopia
    • Cornucopia Safety concerns: inadequate safety testing of Martek's DHA and ARA 2012, Cornucopia, Wisconsin: Cornucopia Institute, [http://www.cornucopia.org/dha-safety-concerns/], Cornucopia.
    • (2012) Safety concerns: inadequate safety testing of Martek's DHA and ARA
  • 46
    • 84893831741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk Matters: Immune Disorder and Infant Feeding
    • in press
    • Minchin MK. Milk Matters: Immune Disorder and Infant Feeding. Alma Publications 2014, in press.
    • (2014) Alma Publications
    • Minchin, M.K.1
  • 49
    • 84893820501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Draft guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about medical foods 2011, USDHHS. Food and Drug Administration, [http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/MedicalFoods/ucm054048.htm#q1], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (2011) Draft guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about medical foods
  • 50
    • 68949118075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squabble over risks of probiotics infant formula
    • Collier R. Squabble over risks of probiotics infant formula. Can Med Assoc J 2011, 181(3-4):E46-E47.
    • (2011) Can Med Assoc J , vol.181 , Issue.3-4
    • Collier, R.1
  • 51
    • 84865314822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics, prebiotics infant formula use in preterm or low birth weight infants: a systematic review
    • Mugambi M, Musekiwa A, Lombard M, Young T, Blaauw R. Probiotics, prebiotics infant formula use in preterm or low birth weight infants: a systematic review. Nutr J 2012, 11(58).
    • (2012) Nutr J , vol.11 , Issue.58
    • Mugambi, M.1    Musekiwa, A.2    Lombard, M.3    Young, T.4    Blaauw, R.5
  • 52
    • 84893832498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of probiotic products
    • Probiotic
    • Probiotic Safety of probiotic products. Probiotic.org 2011, [http://www.probiotic.org/safety-of-probiotics.htm], Probiotic.
    • (2011) Probiotic.org
  • 53
    • 63149164993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine supplement of prebiotics and probiotics to newborn infants are not recommended [Letter]
    • 10.1542/peds.2008-3557, 19254990
    • Shafai T. Routine supplement of prebiotics and probiotics to newborn infants are not recommended [Letter]. Pediatrics 2009, 123:e543-e544. 10.1542/peds.2008-3557, 19254990.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123
    • Shafai, T.1
  • 54
    • 0036433663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific rationale and benefits of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula
    • 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00056.x, 12410863
    • Yu VY. Scientific rationale and benefits of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula. J Paediatr Child Health 2002, 38(6):543-549. 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00056.x, 12410863.
    • (2002) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 543-549
    • Yu, V.Y.1
  • 55
    • 84893836395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why doesn't baby formula list sugar content?
    • Parker L, Green R. Why doesn't baby formula list sugar content?. Target 5 2012, [http://www.nbcchicago.com/investigations/series/target-5/target-5-sugar-baby-formula-139339308.html].
    • (2012) Target 5
    • Parker, L.1    Green, R.2
  • 56
    • 84893843030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingredients for the world infant formula market
    • UBIC
    • UBIC Ingredients for the world infant formula market. UBIC Consulting 2013, [http://www.ubic-consulting.com/template/fs/documents/Nutraceuticals/Ingredients-in-the-world-infant-formula-market.pdf], UBIC.
    • (2013) UBIC Consulting
  • 57
    • 84893867919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China baby food & drink market analysis and forecast to 2015
    • Renub Research
    • Renub Research China baby food & drink market analysis and forecast to 2015. 2012, [http://www.marketresearch.com/Renub-Research-v3619/China-Baby-Food-Drink-Forecast-7086732/], Renub Research.
    • (2012)
  • 58
    • 84893824107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martek signs omega-3,-6 supply deal with Fonterra
    • Montague-Jones G. Martek signs omega-3,-6 supply deal with Fonterra. Dairy Reporter.com 2009, [http://www.dairyreporter.com/Financial/Martek-signs-omega-3-6-supply-deal-with-Fonterra].
    • (2009) Dairy Reporter.com
    • Montague-Jones, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.