MicroRNA function and dysregulation in bone tumors: The evidence to date

Cancer Management and Research

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 15-25

  Nugent, Mary ^a  

^a CAPPAGH NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Cancer; Ewing's sarcoma; Metastases; MicroRNA; Osteosarcoma; Primary bone tumor

Indexed keywords

DOXORUBICIN; EZRIN; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP A2 PROTEIN; IFOSFAMIDE; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 125B; MICRORNA 132; MICRORNA 133A; MICRORNA 135B; MICRORNA 143; MICRORNA 145; MICRORNA 150; MICRORNA 16; MICRORNA 183; MICRORNA 199A-3P; MICRORNA 199B-5P; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 210; MICRORNA 218; MICRORNA 221; MICRORNA 24; MICRORNA 29A; MICRORNA 29B; MICRORNA 31; MICRORNA 34A; MICRORNA 34B; MICRORNA 34C; MICRORNA 542-5P; MICRORNA 93; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE METASTASIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL MATURATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; EWING SARCOMA; EYA3 GENE; EZRIN GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE TARGETING; HMGA2 GENE; HUMAN; NFIB GENE; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; OSTEOSARCOMA; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RNA ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR INVASION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

EID: 84892150589     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11791322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S53928     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Mirnezami AH, Pickard K, Zhang L, Primrose JN, Packham G. MicroRNAs: key players in carcinogenesis and novel therapeutic targets. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35(4):339-347.
2. Ambros V, Bartel B, Bartel D P, et al. A uniform system for microRNA annotation. RNA. 2003;9(3):277-279.
3. Griffths-Jones S, Saini HK, van Dongen S, Enright AJ. Mirbase: tools for microRNA genomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(Database issue): D154-D158.
4. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993;75(5):843-854.
5. Mirbase 20 [homepage on the Internet]. Manchester: The University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.mirbase.org/index.shtml. Accessed September 12, 2013.
6. Griffiths-Jones S. The Microrna Registry. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(Database issue):D109-D111.
7. Griffths-Jones S. MiRBase: the microRNA sequence database. Methods Mol Biol. 2006;342:129-138.
8. Griffths-Jones S. miRBase: microRNA sequences and annotation. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2010;Chapter 12:Unit 12.9.1-Unit 12.910.
9. Griffths-Jones S, Grocock RJ, van Dongen S, Bateman A, Enright AJ. miRBase: microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(Database issue):D140-D144.
10. Kozomara A, Griffths-Jones S. miRBase: integrating microRNA annotation and deep-sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011; 39(Database issue):D152-D157.
11. He L, Hannon GJ. MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. Nat Rev Genet. 2004;5(7):522-531.
12. Valencia-Sanchez MA, Liu J, Hannon GJ, Parker R. Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs. Genes Dev. 2006;20(5):515-524.
13. Bartel D P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004;116(2):281-297.
14. Winter J, Jung S, Keller S, Gregory RI, Diederichs S. Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation. Nat Cell Biol. 2009;11(3):228-234.
15. Hammond SM, Caudy AA, Hannon GJ. Post-transcriptional gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2(2):110-119.
16. Li S, Fu H, Wang Y, et al. MicroRNA-101 regulates expression of the v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS) oncogene in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;49(4): 1194-1202.
17. Slaby O, Svoboda M, Michalek J, Vyzula R. MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer: translation of molecular biology into clinical application. Mol Cancer. 2009;8:102.
18. Wijnhoven B P, Michael MZ, Watson DI. MicroRNAs and cancer. Br J Surg. 2007;94(1):23-30.
19. Faber C, Kirchner T, Hlubek F. The impact of microRNAs on colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch. 2009;454(4):359-367.
20. Rossi S, Kopetz S, Davuluri R, Hamilton SR, Calin GA. MicroRNAs, ultraconserved genes and colorectal cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42(8):1291-1297.
21. Cummins JM, Velculescu VE. Implications of micro-RNA profling for cancer diagnosis. Oncogene. 2006;25(46):6220-6227.
22. Bandres E, Agirre X, Bitarte N, et al. Epigenetic regulation of microRNA expression in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(11): 2737-2743.
23. Liu X, Chen X, Yu X, et al. Regulation of microRNAs by epigenet-ics and their interplay involved in cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2013;32(1):96.
24. Xi Y, Shalgi R, Fodstad O, Pilpel Y, Ju J. Differentially regulated micro-RNAs and actively translated messenger RNA transcripts by tumor suppressor p53 in colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7 Pt 1): 2014-2024.
25. Meng W, McElroy J P, Volinia S, et al. Comparison of microRNA deep sequencing of matched formalin-fxed paraffn-embedded and fresh frozen cancer tissues. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64393.
26. Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(30):10513-10518.
27. Wark AW, Lee HJ, Corn RM. Multiplexed detection methods for profl-ing microRNA expression in biological samples. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2008;47(4):644-652.
28. Kloosterman W P, Wienholds E, de Bruijn E, Kauppinen S, Plasterk RH. In situ detection of miRNAs in animal embryos using LNA-modifed oligonucleotide probes. Nat Methods. 2006;3(1):27-29.
29. Castoldi M, Schmidt S, Benes V, Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU. miChip: an array-based method for microRNA expression profling using locked nucleic acid capture probes. Nat Protoc. 2008;3(2):321-329.
30. Castoldi M, Schmidt S, Benes V, et al. A sensitive array for microRNA expression profling (miChip) based on locked nucleic acids (LNA). RNA. 2006;12(5):913-920.
31. Lu J, Getz G, Miska EA, et al. MicroRNA expression profles classify human cancers. Nature. 2005;435(7043):834-838.
32. Kheirelseid EA, Chang KH, Newell J, Kerin MJ, Miller N. Identification of endogenous control genes for normalisation of real-time quantitative PCR data in colorectal cancer. BMC Mol Biol. 2010;11:12.
33. Chang KH, Mestdagh P, Vandesompele J, Kerin MJ, Miller N. MicroRNA expression profling to identify and validate reference genes for relative quantifcation in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:173.
34. Mirnezami AH, Pickard K, Zhang L, Primrose JN, Packham G. MicroRNAs: key players in carcinogenesis and novel therapeutic targets. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35(4):339-347.
35. Kobayashi E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. MicroRNA Involvement in Osteosarcoma. Sarcoma. 2012;2012:359739.
36. Ottaviani G, Jaffe N. The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 2009;152:3-13.
37. Tang N, Song WX, Luo J, Haydon RC, He TC. Osteosarcoma development and stem cell differentiation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(9):2114-2130.
38. Bielack SS, Kempf-Bielack B, Delling G, et al. Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: an analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant cooperative osteosarcoma study group protocols. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(3):776-790.
39. Geller DS, Gorlick R. Osteosarcoma: a review of diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2010;8(10): 705-718.
40. He C, Xiong J, Xu X, et al. Functional elucidation of MiR-34 in osteosarcoma cells and primary tumor samples. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;388(1):35-40.
41. Wang Z, Li Y, Banerjee S, Sarkar FH. Emerging role of Notch in stem cells and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2009;279(1):8-12.
42. Wang Z, Li Y, Kong D, Ahmad A, Banerjee S, Sarkar FH. Cross-talk between miRNA and Notch signaling pathways in tumor development and progression. Cancer Lett. 2010;292(2):141-148.
43. Bae Y, Yang T, Zeng HC, et al. miRNA-34c regulates Notch signaling during bone development. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21(13):2991-3000.
44. Li J, Liu W, Zhao K, et al. Diallyl trisulfde reverses drug resistance and lowers the ratio of CD133+ cells in conjunction with methotrexate in a human osteosarcoma drug-resistant cell subline. Mol Med Rep. 2009;2(2):245-252.
45. Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Si M, Yin H, Li J. Diallyl trisulfde inhibits proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma cells by switching on suppressor microRNAs and inactivating of Notch-1 signaling. Carcinogenesis. 2013;34(7):1601-1610.
46. He L, He X, Lim L P, et al. A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature. 2007;447(7148):1130-1134.
47. Song L, Yang J, Duan P, et al. MicroRNA-24 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by targeting LPAATβ. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013;535(2):128-135.
48. Annunziata M, Granata R, Ghigo E. The IGF system. Acta Diabetol. 2011;48(1):1-9.
49. Chen L, Wang Q, Wang GD, et al. miR-16 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting IGF1R and the Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway in osteosarcoma. FEBS Lett. 2013;587(9):1366-1372.
50. Maire G, Martin J W, Yoshimoto M, Chilton-MacNeill S, Zielenska M, Squire JA. Analysis of miRNA-gene expression-genomic profles reveals complex mechanisms of microRNA deregulation in osteosarcoma. Cancer Genet. 2011;204(3):138-146.
51. Thayanithy V, Sarver AL, Kartha RV, et al. Perturbation of 14q32 miRNAs-cMYC gene network in osteosarcoma. Bone. 2012;50(1): 171-181.
52. Sarver AL, Thayanithy V, Scott MC, et al. MicroRNAs at the human 14q32 locus have prognostic significance in osteosarcoma. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:7.
53. Lafeur EA, Koshkina N V, Stewart J, et al. Increased Fas expression reduces the metastatic potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(23):8114-8119.
54. Worth LL, Lafeur EA, Jia S F, Kleinerman ES. Fas expression inversely correlates with metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2002;9(4):823-827.
55. Huang G, Nishimoto K, Zhou Z, Hughes D, Kleinerman ES. miR-20a encoded by the miR-17-92 cluster increases the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells by regulating Fas expression. Cancer Res. 2012; 72(4):908-916.
56. Osaki M, Takeshita F, Sugimoto Y, et al. MicroRNA-143 regulates human osteosarcoma metastasis by regulating matrix metallopro-tease-13 expression. Mol Ther. 2011;19(6):1123-1130.
57. Jones KB, Salah Z, Del Mare S, et al. MiRNA signatures associate with pathogenesis and progression of osteosarcoma. Cancer Res. 2012;72(7):1865-1877.
58. Montanini L, Lasagna L, Barili V, et al. MicroRNA cloning and sequencing in osteosarcoma cell lines: differential role of miR-93. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2012;35(1):29-41.
59. Zhu J, Feng Y, Ke Z, et al. Down-regulation of miR-183 promotes migration and invasion of osteosarcoma by targeting Ezrin. Am J Pathol. 2012;180(6):2440-2451.
60. Zhao H, Guo M, Zhao G, et al. MiR-183 inhibits the metastasis of osteosarcoma via downregulation of the expression of Ezrin in F5M2 cells. Int J Mol Med. 2012;30(5):1013-1020.
61. Wang Y, Zhao W, Fu Q. MiR-335 suppresses migration and invasion by targeting ROCK1 in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013; 384(1-2):105-111.
62. Zhou X, Wei M, Wang W. MicroRNA-340 suppresses osteosarcoma tumor growth and metastasis by directly targeting ROCK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;437(4):653-658.
63. Gougelet A, Pissaloux D, Besse A, et al. Micro-RNA profles in osteo-sarcoma as a predictive tool for ifosfamide response. Int J Cancer. 2011; 129(3):680-690.
64. Zhao G, Cai C, Yang T, et al. MicroRNA-221 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance through PI3K/Akt pathway in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53906.
65. Cai H, Lin L, Cai H, Tang M, Wang Z. Prognostic evaluation of microRNA-210 expression in pediatric osteosarcoma. Med Oncol. 2013;30(2):499.
66. Song B, Wang Y, Xi Y, et al. Mechanism of chemoresistance mediated by miR-140 in human osteosarcoma and colon cancer cells. Oncogene. 2009;28(46):4065-4074.
67. Bao Y P, Yi Y, Peng LL, et al. Roles of microRNA-206 in osteo-sarcoma pathogenesis and progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3751-3755.
68. Yang J, Gao T, Tang J, Cai H, Lin L, Fu S. Loss of microRNA-132 predicts poor prognosis in patients with primary osteosarcoma. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013;381(1-2):9-15.
69. Tang M, Lin L, Cai H, Tang J, Zhou Z. MicroRNA-145 downregula-tion associates with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients suffering osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2013;6: 833-838.
70. Wang Z, Cai H, Lin L, Tang M, Cai H. Upregulated expression of microRNA-214 is linked to tumor progression and adverse prognosis in pediatric osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013.
71. Kelly AD, Haibe-Kains B, Janeway KA, et al. MicroRNA paraffin-based studies in osteosarcoma reveal reproducible independent prognostic profiles at 14q32. Genome Med. 2013;5(1):2.
72. Schwab JH, Springfeld DS, Raskin KA, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ. What's new in primary bone tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012; 94(20):1913-1919.
73. Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. The Biology of Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2007;254(1):1-10.
74. Kovar H. Downstream EWS/FLI1 - upstream Ewing's sarcoma. Genome Med. 2010;2(1):8.
75. Kinsey M, Smith R, Iyer AK, McCabe ER, Lessnick SL. EWS/FLI and its downstream target NR0B1 interact directly to modulate transcription and oncogenesis in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer Res. 2009;69(23): 9047-9055.
76. Ban J, Jug G, Mestdagh P, et al. Hsa-mir-145 is the top EWS-FLI1-repressed microRNA involved in a positive feedback loop in Ewing's sarcoma. Oncogene. 2011;30(18):2173-2180.
77. De Vito C, Riggi N, Suvà ML, et al. Let-7a is a direct EWS-FLI-1 target implicated in Ewing's sarcoma development. PLoS One. 2011;6(8): e23592.
78. Robin T P, Smith A, McKinsey E, Reaves L, Jedlicka P, Ford HL. EWS/ FLI1 regulates EYA3 in Ewing sarcoma via modulation of miRNA-708, resulting in increased cell survival and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer Res. 2012;10(8):1098-1108.
79. Nakatani F, Ferracin M, Manara MC, et al. miR-34a predicts survival of Ewing's sarcoma patients and directly infuences cell chemo-sensitivity and malignancy. J Pathol. 2012;226(5):796-805.
80. David E, Blanchard F, Heymann M F, et al. The Bone Niche of Chondrosarcoma: A Sanctuary for Drug Resistance, Tumour Growth and also a Source of New Therapeutic Targets. Sarcoma. 2011;2011: 932451.
81. Yoshitaka T, Kawai A, Miyaki S, et al. Analysis of microRNAs expressions in chondrosarcoma. J Orthop Res. 2013;31(12):1992-1998.
82. Galoian KA, Guettouche T, Issac B, Qureshi A, Temple HT. Regulation of onco and tumor suppressor MiRNAs by mTORC1 inhibitor PRP-1 in human chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol. 2013.
83. Liang W, Li X, Li Y, et al. Gallic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration by upregulating miR-518b in SW1353 human chondro-sarcoma cells. Int J Oncol. 2014;44(1):91-98.
84. Schmale GA, Conrad EU, Raskind WH. The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(7):986-992.
85. Zuntini M, Salvatore M, Pedrini E, et al. MicroRNA profiling of multiple osteochondromas: identifcation of disease-specific and normal cartilage signatures. Clin Genet. 2010;78(6):507-516.
86. Mosakhani N, Pazzaglia L, Benassi MS, et al. MicroRNA expression profles in metastatic and non-metastatic giant cell tumor of bone. Histol Histopathol. 2013;28(5):671-678.
87. Ibrahim T, Mercatali L, Amadori D. Bone and cancer: the osteoncology. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2013;10(2):121-123.
88. Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Weinberg RA. Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer. Nature. 2007; 449(7163):682-688.
89. Lujambio A, Calin GA, Villanueva A, et al. A microRNA DNA methyla-tion signature for human cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(36):13556-13561.
90. Huang L, Dai T, Lin X, et al. MicroRNA-224 targets RKIP to control cell invasion and expression of metastasis genes in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;425(2):127-133.
91. Gong M, Ma J, Guillemette R, et al. miR-335 Inhibits Small Cell Lung Cancer Bone Metastases via IGF-1R and RANKL Pathways. Mol Cancer Res. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
92. Kuo PL, Liao SH, Hung JY, Huang MS, Hsu YL. MicroRNA-33a functions as a bone metastasis suppressor in lung cancer by targeting parathyroid hormone related protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1830(6):3756-3766.
93. Guo W, Ren D, Chen X, et al. HEF1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and bone invasion in prostate cancer under the regulation of microRNA-145. J Cell Biochem. 2013;114(7):1606-1615.
94. Peng X, Guo W, Liu T, et al. Identification of miRs-143 and -145 that is associated with bone metastasis of prostate cancer and involved in the regulation of EMT. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20341.
95. Saini S, Majid S, Yamamura S, et al. Regulatory Role of mir-203 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(16):5287-5298.
96. Viticchiè G, Lena AM, Latina A, et al. MiR-203 controls proliferation, migration and invasive potential of prostate cancer cell lines. Cell Cycle. 2011;10(7):1121-1131.
97. Heneghan HM, Miller N, Lowery AJ, Sweeney KJ, Newell J, Kerin MJ. Circulating microRNAs as novel minimally invasive biomarkers for breast cancer. Ann Surg. 2010;251(3):499-505.
98. Nugent M, Miller N, Kerin MJ. Circulating miR-34a levels are reduced in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106(8):947-952.
99. Chen X, Ba Y, Ma L, et al. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 2008;18(10):997-1006.
100. Ouyang L, Liu P, Yang S, Ye S, Xu W, Liu X. A three-plasma miRNA signature serves as novel biomarkers for osteosarcoma. Med Oncol. 2013;30(1):340.
101. Osada H, Takahashi T. MicroRNAs in biological processes and carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28(1):2-12.
102. Zhang Y, Hu H, Song L, Cai L, Wei R, Jin W. Epirubicin-mediated expression of miR-302b is involved in osteosarcoma apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Toxicol Lett. 2013;222(1):1-9.
103. Lanford RE, Hildebrandt-Eriksen ES, Petri A, et al. Therapeutic silencing of microRNA-122 in primates with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Science. 2010;327(5962):198-201.
104. Idogawa M, Sasaki Y, Suzuki H, et al. A single recombinant adenovirus expressing p53 and p21-targeting artifcial microRNAs effciently induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15(11):3725-3732.
105. Wiggins J F, Ruffno L, Kelnar K, et al. Development of a lung cancer therapeutic based on the tumor suppressor microRNA-34. Cancer Res. 2010;70(14):5923-5930.
106. Ma L, Reinhardt F, Pan E, et al. Therapeutic silencing of miR-10b inhibits metastasis in a mouse mammary tumor model. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28(4):341-347.
107. Ziyan W, Shuhua Y, Xiufang W, Xiaoyun L. MicroRNA-21 is involved in osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration. Med Oncol. 2011;28(4):1469-1474.
108. Lulla RR, Costa FF, Bischof JM, et al. Identification of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Osteosarcoma. Sarcoma. 2011;2011: 732690.
109. Zhang W, Qian JX, Yi HL, et al. The microRNA-29 plays a central role in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and progression. Mol Biol (Mosk). 2012;46(4):622-627.
110. Baglìo SR, Devescovi V, Granchi D, Baldini N. MicroRNA expression profling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation reveals Osterix regulation by miR-31. Gene. 2013;527(1):321-331.
111. YanK, Gao J, Yang T, et al. MicroRNA-34a inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33778.
112. Won KY, Kim YW, Kim HS, Lee SK, Jung WW, Park YK. MicroRNA-199b-5p is involved in the Notch signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(8):1648-1655.
113. van der Deen M, Taipaleenmäki H, Zhang Y, et al. MicroRNA-34c inversely couples the biological functions of the runt-related transcription factor RUNX2 and the tumor suppressor p53 in osteosarcoma. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(29):21307-21319.
114. Liu LH, Li H, Li J P, et al. miR-125b suppresses the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells through down-regulation of STAT3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;416(1-2):31-38.
115. Ji F, Zhang H, Wang Y, et al. MicroRNA-133a, downregulated in osteosarcoma, suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Bone. 2013;56(1):220-226.
116. Duan Z, Choy E, Harmon D, et al. MicroRNA-199a-3p is down-regulated in human osteosarcoma and regulates cell proliferation and migration. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011;10(8):1337-1345.
117. Long XH, Mao JH, Peng AF, Zhou Y, Huang SH, Liu ZL. Tumor suppressive microRNA-424 inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion via targeting fatty acid synthase. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5(4):1048-1052.
118. Franzetti GA, Laud-Duval K, Bellanger D, Stern MH, Sastre-Garau X, Delattre O. MiR-30a-5p connects EWS-FLI1 and CD99, two major therapeutic targets in Ewing tumor. Oncogene. 2013;32(33): 3915-3921.
119. Riggi N, Suvà ML, De Vito C, et al. EWS-FLI-1 modulates miRNA145 and SOX2 expression to initiate mesenchymal stem cell reprogramming toward Ewing sarcoma cancer stem cells. Genes Dev. 2010;24(9):916-932.