Anti-spam measures: Analysis and design

Anti-Spam Measures: Analysis and Design

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-209

  Schryen, Guido ^a  

^a NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTI-SPAM MEASURES; ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS; INTERNET PHONE; IP TELEPHONY; SPAM E-MAILS;

ELECTRONIC MAIL;

EID: 84892086407     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71750-8     Document Type: Book

References (191)

1. Abadi, M., Burrows, M., Manasse, M. and Wobber, T.: 2003, Moderately Hard, Memory-Bound Functions, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, pp. 25-39.
2. Allman, E.: 2003, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, The FTC and Spam, ACM queue 1 (6).
3. Allman, E.: 2003/2004, The economics of spam, ACM queue 1 (9).
4. Allman, E., Callas, J., Delany, M., Libbey, M., Fenton, J. and Thomas, M.: 2005, DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
5. Androutsopoulos, I., Koutsias, J., Chandrinos, K., Paliouas, G. and Vassilakis, C.: 2000, An Evaluation of Naive Bayesian Anti-Spam Filtering, in G. Potamias, V. Moustakis and M. van Sommeren (eds), Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 9-17.
6. Androutsopoulos, I., Koutsias, J., Chandrinos, K. and Spyropoulos, C.: 2000, An Experimental Comparison of Naive Bayesian and Keyword-Based Anti-Spam Filtering with Personal E-mail Messages, in N. Belkin, P. Inwersen and M. Leong (eds), Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SI-GIR 2000), p. 160167.
7. Androutsopoulos, I., Magirou, E. and Vassilakis, D.: 2005, A Game Theoretic Model of Spam E-Mailing, Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Email and Anti-Spam (CEAS 2005).
8. Androutsopoulos, I., Paliouras, G., Karkaletsis, V., Sakkis, G., Spyropoulos, C. and Stamatopoulos, P.: 2000, Learning to Filter Spam E-mail: A Comparison of a Naive Bayesian and a Memory-Based Approach, in H. Zaragoza, P. Gallinari and M. Rajman (eds), 4th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD 2000), pp. 1-13.
9. Anti-Spam Technical Alliance (ASTA):2004, Anti-spam technical alliance technology and policy report, Technical report.
10. Back, A.: 2002, Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure, http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf.
11. Balenson, D.: 1993, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part III: Algorithms, Modes, and Identifiers., RFC 1423, IETF Network Working Group.
12. BBC: 2003, E-mail vetting blocks mps' sex debate, http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 1/hi/uk politics/2723851.stm.
13. BGB: 2002, Bundesgesetzblatt I S. 42, ber. S. 2909 u. Bundesgesetzblatt 2003 S. 738).
14. Bless, R., Conrad, M. and Hof, H.-J.: 2005, Spam Protection by using Sender Address Verification Extension (SAVE). http://doc.tm.uka.de/2005/SAVE. pdf.
15. Böhme, R. and Holz, T.: 2006, The Effect of Stock Spam on Financial Markets, http://weis2006.econinfosec.org. Working paper, presented at the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS) 2006, University of Cambridge.
16. Bradner, S.: 1997, Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, RFC 2119, IETF Network Working Group.
17. Brightmail: 2003, The State of Spam Impact & Solutions.
18. Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI):2005, Antispam - Strategien: Unerwünschte E-mails erkennen und abwehren.
19. Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H. and Thayer, R.: 1998, OpenPGP Message Format, RFC 2440, IETF Network Working Group.
20. Campbell, K.: 1994, A NET. CONSPIRACY SO IMMENSE... Chatting With Martha Siegel of the Internet's Infamous Canter & Siegel, http://www.eff.org/legal/ cases/Canter Siegel/c-and-s summary.article.
21. CANSPAM Act of 2003:2003, PUBLIC LAW 108187 DEC. 16, 2003.
22. Carreras, X. and Mrquez, L.: 2001, Boosting Trees for Anti-Spam Email Filtering, in T. Chark (ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing.
23. CAUBE. AU: 1999, The CAUBE. AU Spam Survey, Technical report. http://www.caube.org.au/survey.htm.
24. Center for Democracy & Technology: 2003, Why Am I Getting All This Spam? Unsolicited Commercial E-mail Research Six Month Report, Technical report. http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/030319spamreport.shtml.
25. Chhabra, S., Yerazunis, W. and Siefkes, C.: 2004, Spam Filtering using a Markov Random Field Model with Variable Weighting Schemas, Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 347-350.
26. Christensen, B.: 2006, vWARNING TO ALL DOG OWNERS (Joke), http://www.hoax-slayer.com/warning-dog-owners.html.
27. Coding email links to avoid spam: 2003, http://www.bronzeage.com/nospam/.
28. Cohen, W.: 1996, Learning rules that classify e-mail, Papers from the AAAI Spring Syposium on Machine Learning in Information Access, pp. 18-25.
29. Commtouch: 2006, Spam statistics, http://www.commtouch.com/Site/ ResearchLab/statistics.asp.
30. Cranor, L. F. and LaMacchia, B. A.: 1998, Spam!, Communications of the ACM 41(9), 74-83.
31. Crawford, E., Kay, J. and McCreath, E.: 2001, Automatic induction of rules for e-mail classification, Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian Document Computing Symposium.
32. Crispin, M.: 1994, Internet Message Access Protocol - Version 4, RFC 1730, IETF Network Working Group.
33. Crocker, D., Leslie, J. and Otis, D.: 2005, Certified Server Validation (CSV), Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
34. Crocker, D. and Overell, P.: 1997, Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF, RFC 2234, IETF Network Working Group.
35. Damiani, E., De Capitani Di Vimercati, S., Paraboschi, S. and Samarati, P.: 2004, P2p-based collaborative spam detection and filtering, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, pp. 176-183.
36. Danish, H.: 2004, The RMX DNS RR and method for lightweight SMTP sender authorization, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
37. De Winter, J.: 1996, Smtp Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting, RFC 2818, IETF Network Working Group.
38. DECLUDE Internet Security Software: 2005, List of All Known DNS-based Spam Databases, http://www.declude.com/Articles.asp?ID=97.
39. DeKok, A.: 2004, Lightweight MTA Authentication Protocol (LMAP) Discussion and Applicability Statement, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
40. Delany, M.: 2005, Domain-based Email Authentication Using Public-Keys Advertised in the DNS (DomainKeys), Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
41. Denning, P.: 1982, Electronic junk, Communications of teh ACM 25(3), 163165.
42. Directive 2002/58/EC: 2002, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 201/37.
43. Doll, J.: n. d., Spam Attack, http://www.joes.com/spammed.html.
44. Doubleclick: 2003, New Research: Spam: The Consumer Perspective, http://www3.doubleclick.com/market/2003/10/dc/email1.htm.
45. Drawes, R.: 2002, An artificial neural network spam classifier, Technical report. www.interstice.com/drewes/cs676/spam-nn/spam-nn.html.
46. Drucker, H., Wu, D. and Vladimir N. Vapnik: 1999, Support Vector Machines for Spam Categorization, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 10(5), 1048-1054.
47. Dwork, C., Goldberg, A. and Naor, M.: 2003, On Memory-Bound Functions for Fighting Spam, in D. Boneh (ed.), Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO 2003), number 2729 in LNCS, Springer, pp. 426-444.
48. Dwork, C. and Naor, M.: 2002, Procing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail, in D. Boneh (ed.), Proceedings of the 22rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO 2002), number 740 in LNCS, Springer, pp. 137-147.
49. Email-policy.com: 2004, Real-time Spam Black Lists (RBL), http://www.email-policy.com/Spam-black-lists.htm.
50. Email Service Provider Coalition: 2003, Project Lumos: A Solutions Blueprint for Solving the Spam Problem by Establishing Volume Email Sender Accountability, Technical report.
51. EU: 2004, Cooperation Procedure Concerning the Transmission of Complaint Information and Intelligence Relevant to the Enforcement of Article 13 of the Privacy and Electronic Communication Directive 2002/58/EC, or Any Other Applicable National Law Pertaining to the Use of Unsolicited Electronic Communications.
52. Evett, D.: 2006, Spam Statistics 2006, http://spam-filterreview. toptenreviews.com/spam-statistics.html.
53. Fahmann, S.: 2002, Selling interrupt rights: A way to control unwanted e-mail and telephone calls, IBM Systems Journal 41(4), 759-766.
54. Fecyk, G.: 2003, Designated Mailers Protocol, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
55. Fenton, J. and Thomas, M.: 2005, Identified Internet Mail, J. fenton and m. thomas, IETF Network Working Group.
56. Ferris Research: 2005, The Global Economic Impact of Spam, 2005. Report #409.
57. Fiat, A. and Shamir, A.: 1986, How to proof yourself, Proceedings of CRYPTO 86, pp. 641-654.
58. Freed, N.: 1996, SMTP Service Extension for Returning Enhanced Error Codes, RFC 2034, IETF Network Working Group.
59. Freed, N.: 2000, SMTP Service Extension for Command Pipelining, RFC 2920, IETF Network Working Group.
60. Freed, N. and Borenstein, N.: 1996a, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five: Conformance Criteria and Examples, RFC 2049, IETF Network Working Group.
61. Freed, N. and Borenstein, N.: 1996b, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies, RFC 2045, IETF Network Working Group.
62. Freed, N. and Borenstein, N.: 1996c, Multipurpose internet mail extensions (mime) part two: Media types, RFC 2046, IETF Network Working Group.
63. Freed, N., Klensin, J. and Postel, J.: 1996, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures, RFC 2048, IETF Network Working Group.
64. Freier, A. O., Karlton, P. and Kocher, P. C.: 1996, The SSL Protocol Version 3.0, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
65. FTC: 2002, Email Address Harvesting: How Spammers Reap What You Sow, Technical report. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/alerts/spamalrt.htm.
66. FTC: 2004, National Do Not Email Registry A Report to Congress, Technical report.
67. FTC: 2005, Email Address Harvesting and the Effectiveness of Anti-Spam Filters, Technical report.
68. Gabber, E., Jakobsson, M., Matias, Y. and Mayer, A. J.: 1998, Curbing Junk E-Mai via Secure Classification, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Financial Cryptography, pp. 198-213.
69. Garfinkel, S.: 2003, Email-Based Identification and Authentication: An Alternative to PKI?, IEEE Security & Privacy 1(6), 20-26.
70. Gauthronet, S. and Etienne, D.: 2001, Unsolicited Commercial Communications and Data Protection.
71. Gburzynski, P. and Maitan, J.: 2004, Fighting the spam wars, A remailer approach with restrictive aliasing, ACM Trans. Inter. Tech. 4(1), 1-30.
72. Gellens, R. and Klensin, J.: 1998, Message Submission, RFC 2476, IETF Network Working Group.
73. Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L. and Leach, P.: 1999, Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1, RFC 2616, IETF Network Working Group.
74. Gómez Hidalgo, J. and Maña López, M.: 2000, Combining Text and Heuristics for Cost-Sensitive Spam Filtering, Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000, pp. 99-102.
75. Graham, P.: 2002, A Plan For Spam, http://www.paulgraham.com/spam.html.
76. Graham, P.: 2003, Better Bayesian Filtering, Proceedings of the 2003 Spam Conference.
77. Hall, R.: 1996, Channels: Avoiding Unwanted Electronic Mail, Proceedings of the DIMACS Symposium on Network Threats.
78. Hoffman, P.: 2002, SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over Transport Layer Security, RFC 3207, IETF Network Working Group.
79. ICANN: 2004, new sTLD RFP Application. mail, Part B. Application Form, Technical report.
80. Ilett, D.: 2004, Most spam generated by botnets, says expert, http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/security/0, 39020375, 39167561, 00.htm.
81. InfoSec: 2004, Email Spamming (include scam), Technical report.
82. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):2002, MIME Media Types. http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html.
83. Ioannidis, J.: 2003, Fighting Spam by Encapsulating Policy in Email Addresses, The 10th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium Conference Proceedings.
84. Ironport: 2006, Internet Email Traffic Emergency: Spam Bounce Messages are Compromising Networks, http://www.ironport.com/bouncereport/.
85. ITU: 2003, Memorandum of Understanding Between the Korea Information Security Agency and the Australian Communications Authority and the National Office for the Information Economy of Australia Concerning Cooperation in the Regulation of Spam.
86. ITU: 2005a, A Comparative Analysis of Spam Laws: The Quest for a Model Law, Background Paper for the ITU WSIS Thematic Meeting on Cybersecurity, Geneva, Switzerland, 28 JUNE 1 JULY 2005.
87. ITU: 2005b, ITU Survey on Anti-spam Legislation Worldwide.
88. Johansson, E.: n. d., Camram, www.camram.org.
89. Kaliski, B.: 1993, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part IV: Key Certification and Related Services, RFC 1424, IETF Network Working Group.
90. Kaushik, S., Ammann, P., Wijesekera, D., Winsborough, W. and Ritchey, R.: 2004, A Policy Driven Approach to Email Services, Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (Policy 2004).
91. Kent, S.: 1993, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management, RFC 1422, IETF Network Working Group.
92. Klensin, G., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E. and Crocker, D.: 1995, SMTP Service Extensions, RFC 1893, IETF Network Working Group.
93. Klensin, J.: 2001, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, RFC 2821, IETF Network Working Group.
94. Köcher, J.: 2004, Anti-spam-gesetze, DFN Mitteilungen (64-3), 29-30.
95. Leibzon, W.: 2005a, Email Security Anti-Spoofing Protection with Path and Cryptographic Authentication Methods, http://www.metasignatures.org/path and cryptographic authentication.htm.
96. Leibzon, W.: 2005b, META Signatures (Message Enhancements for Transmission Authorization), Technical report. http://www.metasignatures.org/ meta signatures protocol.htm.
97. Levine, J., Crocker, D., Silberman, S. and Finch, T.: 2004, Bounce Address Tag Validation (BATV), Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
98. Lindberg, G.: 1999, Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs, RFC 2505, IETF Network Working Group.
99. Linke, A.: 2003, Spam oder nicht Spam? E-Mail sortieren mit Bayes-Filtern, ct pp. 150-153.
100. Linn, J.: 1993, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part I: Message Encryption and Authentication Procedures, RFC 1421, IETF Network Working Group.
101. Loder, T., Van Alstyne, M. and Walsh, R.: 2004, Information Asymmetry and Thwarting Spam, Technical report, University of Michigan.
102. Lyon, J.: 2005, Purported Responsible Address in E-Mail Messages, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
103. Lyon, J. and Wong, M.: 2005, Sender ID: Authenticating E-Mail, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
104. MessageLabs: 2006, MessageLabs Intelligence Report: Spam Intercepts Timeline May 2006, http://www.messagelabs.com/publishedcontent/publish/threat watch dotcom en/threat statistics/spam intercepts/DA 114633.chp.html.
105. Metzger, J., Schillo, M. and Fischer, K.: 2003, A Multiagent-Based Peerto-Peer Network in Java for Distributed Spam Filtering, in V. Mark, J. Mller and M. Pechoucek (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop of Central and Eastern Europe on Multi-Agent Systems (CEEMAS), pp. 616-625.
106. Microsoft: 2004, Email Postmarks.
107. Mockapetris, P.: 1987a, Domain names - concepts and facilities, RFC 1034, IETF Network Working Group.
108. Mockapetris, P.: 1987b, Domain names - implementation and specification, RFC 1035, IETF Network Working Group.
109. Moore, K.: 1996, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text, RFC 2047, IETF Network Working Group.
110. Mori, G. and Malik, J.: 2003, Recognizing Objects in Adversarial Clutter - Breaking a Visual CAPTCHA, Proceedings of the Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.
111. Moustakas, E., Ranganathan, C. and Duquenoy, P.: 2005, Combating Spam through Legislation: A Comparative Analysis of US and European Approaches, Proceedings of the Second Conference on Email and Anti-Spam (CEAS 2005).
112. Myers, J.: 1996, Local Mail Transfer Protocol, RFC 2033, IETF Network Working Group.
113. Myers, J.: 1997, Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL), RFC 2222, IETF Network Working Group.
114. Myers, J.: 1999, SMTP Service Extension for Authentication, RFC 2554, IETF Network Working Group.
115. Myers, J. and Rose, M.: 1996, Post office protocol - version 3, RFC 1939, IETF Network Working Group.
116. Nelson, S. and Parks, C.: 1997, The Model Primary Content Type for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, RFC 2077, IETF Network Working Group.
117. Newman, D.: 2000, Deliver By SMTP Service Extension, RFC 2852, IETF Network Working Group.
118. NOIE: 2002, The Spam Problem and How it Can be Countered An Interim Report by NOIE, Technical report.
119. NOIE: 2003, Final Report of the NOIE Review of the Spam Problem and How It Can Be Countered, Technical report. www.noie.gov. au/publications/NOIE/spam/ final report/SPAMreport.pdf.
120. Nucleus Research: 2003, Spam: The Silent ROI Killer.
121. O'Brien, C. and Vogel, C.: 2003, Spam Filters: Bayes vs. Chi-squared; Letters vs. Words, Technical Report TCD-CS-2003-13, Trinity College Dublin.
122. OECD: 2003, Issues on the Measurement of Unsolicited Electronic Messages.
123. OECD: 2004a, Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam.
124. OECD: 2004b, Report of the 2nd OECD Workshop on Spam.
125. OECD: 2004c, Report on non-OECD Countries' Spam Legislation.
126. OECD: 2005a, Anti-Spam Law Enforcement Report.
127. OECD: 2005b, Anti-Spam Regulation.
128. OECD: 2005c, Spam Issues in Developing Countries.
129. Otis, D., Crocker, D. and Leslie, J.: 2005, Client SMTP Authorization (CSA), Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
130. Palme, J.: 1997, Common Internet Message Headers, RFC 2076, IETF Network Working Group.
131. Palme, J.: 2002, Common Internet Message Header Fields, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
132. Pantel, P. and Lin, D.: 1998, SpamCop - A Spam Classification & Organization Program, Proceedings of AAAI-98 Workshop on Learning for Text Categorization.
133. Partridge, C.: 1986, Mail Routing and the Domain System, RFC 2183, IETF Network Working Group.
134. Postel, J.: 1975, On the Junk Mail Problem, RFC 706, IETF Network Working Group.
135. Postel, J. B.: 1982, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, RFC 821, IETF Network Working Group. obsoleted by RFC 2821.
136. Prince, M., Holloway, L., Langheinrich, E., Dahl, B. and Keller, A.: 2005, Understanding How Spammers Steal your E-Mail Address: An Analysis of the First Six Month of Data from Project Honey Pot, Proceedings of the Second Conference on Email and Anti-Spam (CEAS). www.ceas.cc/papers-2005/163.pdf.
137. Provost, J.: 1999, Naive-Bayes vs. Rule-Learning in Classification of Email, Technical Report AI-TR-99-284, Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin.
138. Rabin, M.: 1979, Digital Signatures and Public Key Functions as Intractable as Factoring, Technical Report TM-212, Lab. for Computer Science, MIT.
139. Ramsdell, B.: 2004, Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.1 Message Specification, RFC 3851, IETF Network Working Group.
140. Raz, U.: n. d., How do spammers harvest email addresses, http://www.private.org.il/harvest.html.
141. Rescorla, E.: 2000, HTTP Over TLS, RFC 2818, IETF Network Working Group.
142. Resnick, P.: 2001, Internet Message Format, RFC 2822, IETF Network Working Group.
143. Sahami, M., Dumais, S., Heckerman, D. and Horvitz, E.: 1998, A Bayesian Approach to Filtering Junk E-Mail, Proceedings of AAAI-98 Workshop on Learning for Text Categorization.
144. Sanders, T.: 2005, Microsoft takes on spamming botnets, http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2144976/microsoft-takesspamming.
145. Sandvine: 2004, Zombie PCs spew out 80% of spam.
146. Schneider, K.: 2003, A comparison of event models for naive bayes antispam e-mail filtering, Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL'03), pp. 307-314.
147. Schryen, G.: 2004a, A Scalable and Flexible Infrastructure Framework for Addressing Spam, Proceedings of IPSI International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems, and Interdisciplinary Res ea rc h.
148. Schryen, G.: 2004b, Approaches addressing spam, Proceedings of the HHCCII.
149. Schryen, G.: 2004c, Effektivität von Lösungsansätzen zur Bekämpfung von Spam, Wirtschaftsinformatik 46(4), 281-288.
150. Schryen, G.: 2004d, Fighting Spam: Motivating an Accountbased Approach, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2004, Vol. II, IADIS Press, pp. 937-940.
151. Schryen, G.: 2005, An e-mail honeypot addressing spammers' behavior in collecting and applying addresses, Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Information Assurance Workshop, pp. 37-41.
152. Schryen, G.: 2006, A formal approach towards assessing the effectiveness of anti-spam procedures, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
153. Schryen, G.: 2007a, Anti-spam legislation: An analysis of laws and their effectiveness, Information and Communications Technology Law 1 (16).
154. Schryen, G.: 2007b, Armed for the spam battle - a technological and organizational infrastructure framework, Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
155. Schryen, G.: 2007c, Do anti-spam measures cover the e-mail communication network? A formal approach, The Journal of Information Systems Security. accepted for publication.
156. Schryen, G.: 2007d, Preventing E-mail Spam: The Conceptualization and the Analysis of an Infrastructure Framework, Technical Report 07/01, RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Business and Economics.
157. Schryen, G.: 2007e, The Impact that Placing Email Addresses on the Internet has on the Receipt of Spam, Computers and Security. accepted for publication.
158. Schryen, G. and Hoven, R.: 2004, Appropriateness of Lightweight MTA Authentication Protocols for Fighting Spam, Proceedings of IPSI International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems, and Interdisciplinary Research.
159. Sester, P. and Mutschler, S.: 2006, Neue Kooperationen und rechtliche Entwicklungen im Kampf gegen Spam, Informatik-Spektrum 29(1), 14-22.
160. Sophos: 2005a, CAN-SPAM Act can do better, http://www.sophos.com/ pressoffice/news/articles/2005/12/canspam05.html.
161. Sophos: 2005b, Sophos Security Threat Management Report, http://www.sophos.com/sophos/docs/eng/marketing material/SophosSecurityReport 2005.pdf.
162. Sophos: 2006a, Defending networks against rapidly evolving threats, http://www.sophos.com/sophos/docs/eng/papers/sophos-defendingnetworks-wpus.pdf.
163. Sophos: 2006b, Sophos report reveals latest 'dirty dozen' spam relaying countries, http://www.sophos.com/pressoffice/news/articles/2006/04/ dirtydozapr06.html.
164. Spamhaus: 2006, Spamhaus Statistics: The Top 10, http://www.spamhaus.org/ statistics/countries.lasso.
165. Spamhaus: n. d., The Definition of Spam, http://www.spamhaus.org/ definition.html.
166. Spammer-X: 2004, The SPAM Cartel Why Spammers Spam, Syngress Media.
167. Strafgesetzbuch: 1998, Bundesgetztblatt I S. 3322.
168. Stumpf, M. and Hoehne, S.: 2005, Marking Mail Transfer Agents in Reverse DNS with TXT RRs, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
169. Symantec: 2006, Spam-Statistiken, http://www.symantec.com/region/de/ PressCenter/spam.html.
170. Tanase, M.: 2003, IP Spoofing: An Introduction, http://www.securityfocus. com/infocus/1674.
171. Templeton, B.: n. d.a, E-stamps, http://www.templetons.com/brad/spam/ estamps.html.
172. Templeton, B.: n. d.b, Origin of the term "spam" to mean net abuse, http://www.templetons.com/brad/spamterm.html.
173. Templeton, B.: n. d.c, Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978, http://www.templetons.com/brad/spamreact.html.
174. The Government of Hongkong: n. d., Nigerian letters, http://www.info.gov. hk/police/pda/con-tricks/con7.htm.
175. The Honeynet Project & Research Alliance: 2005, Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets, Technical report.
176. he New York Times: 2003, We Hate Spam, Congress Says (Except Ours), http://www.nytimes.com.
177. The Radicati Group: 2003, ANTI-SPAM MARKET TRENDS OVERVIEW 2003-2007.
178. THE LONDON ACTION PLAN On International Spam Enforcement Cooperation: 2004, http://www.londonactionplan.org.
179. Tompkins, T. and Handley, D.: 2003, Giving E-mail Back to the Users: Using Digital Signatures to Solve the Spam Problem, FirstMonday 8 (9).
180. Troost, R., Dorner, S. and Moore, K.: 1997, Communicating Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The Content-Disposition Header Field, RFC 2183, IETF Network Working Group.
181. Turner, D. A. and Havey, D. M.: 2004, Controlling Spam through Lightweight Currency, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
182. Turner, D. and Ross, K.: 2003, A Lightweight Currency Paradigm for the P2P Resource Market.
183. United Nations: 2005, List of Member States, http://www.un.org/Overview/ unmember.html.
184. UWG: 2004, Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2004 Teil I Nr. 32.
185. Vaudreuil, G.: 1996, Enhanced Mail System Status Codes, RFC 1893, IETF Network Working Group.
186. Von Ahn, L., Blum, M., Hopper, N. and Langford, J.: 2003, CAPTCHA: Using hard AI problems for security, Proceedings of Eurocrypt, pp. 294-311.
187. Von Ahn, L., Blum, M. and Langford, J.: 2004, Telling Humans and Computers Apart Automatically, Communications of the ACM 47(2), 57-60.
188. W3C: 2003, SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework, http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1/.
189. Wirtz, B.: 2001, Electronic Business, 2 edn, Gabler.
190. Wong, M. and Schlitt, W.: 2005, Sender Policy Framework (SPF) for Authorizing Use of Domains in E-MAIL, version 1, Internet draft, IETF Network Working Group.
191. Zhou, F., Zhuang, L., Zhao, B., Huang, L., Joseph, A. and Kubiatowicz, J.: 2003, Approximate object location and spam filtering on peer-to-peer systems, Proceedings of ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference.