Classification of syncope-producing cardiac arrhythmias

Comas and Syncope: Causes, Prevention and Treatment

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 167-178

  Santulli, Gaetano ^a  

^a New York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892079281     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (69)

1. Moya, A., et al., Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). Eur. Heart J., 2009. 30(21): p. 2631-71.
2. Kapoor, W.N., Syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 2000. 343(25): p. 1856-62.
3. Maisel, W.H. and W.G. Stevenson, Syncope--getting to the heart of the matter. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002. 347(12): p. 931-3.
4. Del Greco, M., et al., Diagnostic pathway of syncope and analysis of the impact of guidelines in a district general hospital. The ECSIT study (epidemiology and costs of syncope in Trento). Ital. Heart J., 2003. 4(2): p. 99-106.
5. Getchell, W.S., et al., Epidemiology of syncope in hospitalized patients. J. Gen. Intern. Med., 1999. 14(11): p. 677-87.
6. Perennes, A., et al., Epidemiology, clinical features, and follow-up of patients with syncope and a positive adenosine triphosphate test result. J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 2006. 47(3): p. 594-7.
7. Badlangana, N.L., et al., Observations on the giraffe central nervous system related to the corticospinal tract, motor cortex and spinal cord: what difference does a long neck make? Neuroscience, 2007. 148(2): p. 522-34.
8. Allcock, L., R. Mulcahy, and D. O'Shea, Recurrent syncope and presyncope. Lancet, 2001. 357(9270): p. 1801-2.
9. Fogel, R.I., J.J. Evans, and E.N. Prystowsky, Utility and cost of event recorders in the diagnosis of palpitations, presyncope, and syncope. Am. J. Cardiol, 1997. 79(2): p. 207-8.
10. Kou, W.H., et al., Immediate reproducibility of tilt-table test results in elderly patients referred for evaluation of syncope or presyncope. Am. J. Cardiol., 1997. 80(11): p. 1492-4.
11. Mathias, C.J., K. Deguchi, and I. Schatz, Observations on recurrent syncope and presyncope in 641 patients. Lancet, 2001. 357(9253): p. 348-53.
12. Galizia, G., et al., Role of early symptoms in assessment of syncope in elderly people: results from the Italian group for the study of syncope in the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2009. 57(1): p. 18-23.
13. Roussanov, O., et al., Outcomes of unexplained syncope in the elderly. Am. J. Geriatr. Cardiol., 2007. 16(4): p. 249-54.
14. Soteriades, E.S., et al., Incidence and prognosis of syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002. 347(12): p. 878-85.
15. Carey, B.J., J. de Caestecker, and R.B. Panerai, More on deglutition syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999. 341(17): p. 1316-7.
16. Schima, W., F. Sterz, and P. Pokieser, Syncope after eating. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993. 328(21): p. 1572.
17. Piwinski, S.E., Neurocardiogenic syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993. 329(26): p. 1966-7.
18. Papa, L.J., Treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993. 329(13): p. 970.
19. McKeon, A., C. Vaughan, and N. Delanty, Seizure versus syncope. Lancet Neurol., 2006. 5(2): p. 171-80.
20. D'Ascia, C, et al., Cardiac resynchronization therapy response predicts occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol., 2011. 147: p. S37.
21. Mehta, N., M. Zildany Pinheiro Tavora, and C.A. Morillo, Explaining the Unexplained Causes of Syncope Are We There Yet? J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 2011.
22. Sheldon, R.S., et al., Standardized approaches to the investigation of syncope: Canadian Cardiovascular Society position paper. Can. J. Cardiol., 2011. 27(2): p. 246-53.
23. Grubb, B.P., Clinical practice. Neurocardiogenic syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005. 352(10): p. 1004-10.
24. Bibb, M.H., Neurocardiogenic syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998. 339(25): p. 1857.
25. D'Ascia, S.L., et al., Cardiac resynchronization therapy response predicts occurrence of atrial fibrillation in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Europace, 2011. 13 Suppl. 1: p. i55.
26. Bassett, D.R., Jr., et al., Comparing cycling world hour records, 1967-1996: modeling with empirical data. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1999. 31(11): p. 1665-76.
27. Indurain, M., Miguel Indurain: the allergic extraterrestrial. Interview by IJ Ansoteguiand MT Audicana. Allergy, 1997. 52(12): p. 3-4.
28. D'Ascia, C, et al., In patients affected by nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac resynchronization therapy response predicts occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Revascul Med., 2011. 12: p. e41.
29. Cooke, J., et al., The changing face of orthostatic and neurocardiogenic syncope with age. QJM, 2011.
30. Fowler, N.O., J.C. Fenton, and G.F. Conway, Syncope and cerebral dysfunction caused by bradycardia without atrioventricular block. Am. Heart J., 1970. 80(3): p. 303-12.
31. Ector, H., et al., Bradycardia, ventricular pauses, syncope, and sports. Lancet, 1984. 2(8403): p. 591-4.
32. Konstantino, Y., et al., Self-terminated ventricular fibrillation and recurrent syncope. Am. J. Cardiol., 2011. 107(4): p. 638-40.
33. Santulli, G., Coffee and cardiovascular system. Cardiology Science, 2006. 4: p. 186-188.
34. Mizumaki, K., et al., Early repolarization in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance. Europace, 2011.
35. Pass, R.H. and S.R. Ceresnak, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and isoproterenol testing in children: a valid adjunct to predict risk? Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol., 2011. 4(1): p. 8-10.
36. D'Ascia, S.L., et al., Advanced algorithms can lead to electrocardiographic misinterpretations. Int. J. Cardiol., 2010. 141(2): p. e34-6.
37. Monnig, G., et al., Recurrent syncope triggered by inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., 2004. 27(9): p. 1324-6.
38. Gatzoulis, K.A., et al., Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced during tilt table testing in a patient with syncope and probable dysfunction of the sinus node. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., 1995. 18(5 Pt 1): p. 1075-9.
39. Brignole, M., et al., Role of autonomic reflexes in syncope associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 1993. 22(4): p. 1123-9.
40. Turitto, G., et al., Atrial flutter with spontaneous 1:1 atrioventricular conduction in adults: an uncommon but frequently missed cause for syncope/presyncope. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., 2009. 32(1): p. 82-90.
41. Kawabata, M., et al., Syncope in patients with atrial flutter during treatment with class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs. J. Electrocardiol., 2001. 34(1): p. 65-72.
42. Ueng, K.C., et al., Radiofrequency catheter modification of atrioventricular junction in patients with COPD and medically refractory multifocal atrial tachycardia. Chest, 2000. 117(1): p. 52-9.
43. Kastor, J.A., Multifocal atrial tachycardia. N. Engl. J. Med., 1990. 322(24): p. 1713-7.
44. Shine, K.I., J.A. Kastor, and P.M. Yurchak, Multifocal atrial tachycardia. Clinical and electrocardiographic features in 32 patients. N. Engl. J. Med., 1968. 279(7): p. 344-9.
45. Yamada, T., et al., A case of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: what is the mechanism? Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., 2009. 32(8): p. 1056-9.
46. Tanaka, Y., et al., Incidence and mechanism of dislocated fast pathway in various forms of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Circ. J., 2007. 71(7): p. 1099-106.
47. Rostock, T. and S. Willems, Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the elderly: efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., 2007. 30(6): p. 828-9.
48. Bae, J.H., K.R. Park, and K.Y. Kim, Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia combined with sick sinus syndrome. Int. J. Cardiol., 2002. 83(3): p. 259-61.
49. Brembilla-Perrot, B., et al., Incidence and mechanism of presyncope and/or syncope associated with paroxysmal junctional tachycardia. Am. J. Cardiol., 2001. 88(2): p. 134-8.
50. Luca, C., Nonparoxysmal AV junctional tachycardia with 2/1 exit block during atrial fibrillation in the absence of digitalis toxicity. The effect of exercise. Med. Interne, 1981. 19(3): p. 247-9.
51. Vereckei, A., et al., Application of a new algorithm in the differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia. Eur. Heart J., 2007. 28(5): p. 589-600.
52. Scheinman, M.M., Can a new algorithm improve diagnostic accuracy in wide QRS complex tachycardia? Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med, 2007. 4(8): p. 414-5.
53. Dendi, R. and M.E. Josephson, A new algorithm in the differential diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia. Eur. Heart J., 2007. 28(5): p. 525-6.
54. Gutierrez-Macias, A., et al., Wide-complex tachycardia: diagnostic value of the Brugada algorithm in emergency medicine. Acad. Emerg. Med., 2001. 8(3): p. 300-1.
55. Sra, J.S., et al., Comparison of cardiac pacing with drug therapy in the treatment of neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope with bradycardia or asystole. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993. 328(15): p. 1085-90.
56. Ozben, B., et al., Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: is DD genotype helpful in predicting syncope risk? J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst., 2008. 9(4): p. 215-20.
57. Mutschelknauss, M., et al., Unusual cause of syncope in young girl: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 99(4): p. 243-5.
58. Peters, S. and D. Selbig, Early repolarization phenomenon in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. Europace, 2008. 10(12): p. 1447-9.
59. Gattenlohner, S., et al., Sudden cardiac death due to acute right heart failure in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J., 2008. 29(17): p. 2063.
60. Aziz, S., R.F. McMahon, and C.J. Garratt, Images in cardiovascular medicine. Sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Circulation, 2000. 101(7): p. 825-7.
61. Tada, H., et al., Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy underlies syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST-segment elevation, and sudden death. Am. J. Cardiol., 1998. 81(4): p. 519-22.
62. Martini, B., C. Basso, and G. Thiene, Sudden death in mitral valve prolapse with Holter monitoring-documented ventricular fibrillation: evidence of coexisting arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Int. J. Cardiol., 1995. 49(3): p. 274-8.
63. Linzer, M., et al., Diagnosing syncope. Part 1: Value of history, physical examination, and electrocardiography. Clinical Efficacy Assessment Project of the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med., 1997. 126(12): p. 989-96.
64. Lewis, S.L. and M. O'Toole, Familial occurrence of neurocardiogenic syncope. N. Engl. J. Med., 1994. 331(22): p. 1529.
65. Mitro, P., et al., A prospective study of the standardized diagnostic evaluation of syncope. Europace, 2011. 13(4): p. 566-71.
66. Oh, J.H., B.H. Hanusa, and W.N. Kapoor, Do symptoms predict cardiac arrhythmias and mortality in patients with syncope? Arch. Intern. Med., 1999. 159(4): p. 375-80.
67. D'Ascia, S.L., et al., Cardiac resynchronization therapy response predicts occurrence of atrial fibrillation in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 2011. In press.
68. Sarasin, F.P., et al., A risk score to predict arrhythmias in patients with unexplained syncope. Acad. Emerg. Med., 2003. 10(12): p. 1312-7.
69. Kapoor, W.N.,Syncope-past, present and future. Clin. Auton. Res., 2004. 14 Suppl 1: p. 1-3.