Differential effects of predation risk and competition over vigilance variables and feeding success in Eurasian siskins (Carduelis spinus)

Behaviour

Volumn 150, Issue 14, 2013, Pages 1665-1687

  Pascual, Jordi ^a   Senar, Juan Carlos ^a  

^a Museu de Zoologia   (Spain)

Author keywords

feeding success; interference competition; predation risk; vigilance variables

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891861920     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: 1568539X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568539X-00003114     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Baker, D.J., Stillman, R.A., Smart, S.L., Bullock, J.M. & Norris, K.J. (2011). Are the costs of routine vigilance avoided by granivorous foragers? Funct. Ecol. 25: 617-627.
2. Barnard, C.J. (1980). Flock feeding and time budgets in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.). Anim. Behav. 28: 295-309.
3. Barnard, C.J. & Stephens, H. (1983). Costs and benefits of single and mixed species flocking in fieldfares (Turdus pilaris) and redwings (T. iliacus). Behaviour 84: 91-123.
4. Barta, Z., Liker, A. & Monus, F. (2004). The effects of predation risk on the use of social foraging tactics. Anim. Behav. 67: 301-308.
5. Beauchamp, G. (1998). The effect of group size on mean food intake rate in birds. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. 73: 449-472.
6. Beauchamp, G. & Livoreil, B. (1997). The effect of group size on vigilance and feeding rate in spice finches (Lonchura punctulata). Can. J. Zool. 75: 1526-1531.
7. Beauchamp, G. (2008). What is the magnitude of the group-size effect on vigilance? Behav. Ecol. 19: 1361-1368.
8. Bednekoff, P.A. & Lima, S.L. (2002). Why are scanning patterns so variable? An overlooked question in the study of anti-predator vigilance. J. Avian Biol. 33: 143-149.
9. Bekoff, M. (1995). Vigilance, flock size, and flock geometry information gathering by western evening grosbeaks (Aves, Fringillidae). Ethology 99: 150-161.
10. Caraco, T., Martindale, S. & Pulliam, H.R. (1980a). Avian flocking in the presence of a predator. Nature 285: 400-401.
11. Caraco, T., Martindale, S. & Pulliam, H.R. (1980b). Avian time budgets and distance to cover. Auk 97: 872-875.
12. Carrascal, L.M. & Alonso, C.L. (2006). Habitat use under latent predation risk. A case study with wintering forest birds. Oikos 112: 51-62.
13. Carrascal, L.M. & Moreno, E. (1992a). Proximal costs and benefits of heterospecific social foraging in the great tit, Parus major. Can. J. Zool. 70: 1947-1952.
14. Carrascal, L.M. & Moreno, E. (1992b). Scanning behavior and spatial niche. J. Ornithol. 133: 73-77.
15. Carrascal, L.M., Alonso, J.C. & Alonso, J.A. (1990). Aggregation size and foraging behavior of white storks Ciconia ciconia during the breeding season. Ardea 78: 399-404.
16. Cassini, M.H. (1991). Foraging under predation risk in the wild guinea pig Cavia aperea. Oikos 62: 20-24.
17. Cresswell, W. (1997). Interference competition at low competitor densities in blackbirds Turdus merula. J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 461-471.
18. Cresswell, W., Lind, J., Kaby, U., Quinn, J.L. & Jakobsson, S. (2003a). Does an opportunistic predator preferentially attack nonvigilant prey? Anim. Behav. 66: 643-648.
19. Cresswell, W., Quinn, J.L., Whittingham, M.J. & Butler, S. (2003b). Good foragers can also be good at detecting predators. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 270: 1069-1076.
20. Desportes, J.P., Metcalfe, N.B., Popp, J.W., Meyer, R.M., Gallo, A. & Cezilly, F. (1990). The predictability and patterns of vigilant behavior. Behav. Process. 22: 41-46.
21. Domenech, J. & Senar, J.C. (1997). Trapping methods can bias age ratio in samples of passerine populations. Bird Stud. 44: 348-354.
22. Ekman, J. (1987). Exposure and time use in willow tit flocks: the cost of subordination. Anim. Behav. 35: 445-452.
23. Elgar, M.A. (1986). The establishment of foraging flocks in house sparrows: risk of predation and daily temperature. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19: 433-438.
24. Elgar, M.A. (1987). Food-intake rate and resource availability: flocking decisions in house sparrows. Anim. Behav. 35: 1168-1176.
25. Elgar, MA. (1989). Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a critical review of the empirical evidence. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. 64: 13-33.
26. Elgar, M.A., Burren, P.J. & Posen, M. (1984). Vigilance and perception of flock size in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus L.). Behaviour 90: 215-223.
27. Fernandez-Juricic, E., Erichsen, J.T. & Kacelnik, A. (2004). Visual perception and social foraging in birds. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19: 25-31.
28. Fernandez-Juricic, E., Smith, R. & Kacelnik, A. (2005). Increasing the costs of conspecific scanning in socially foraging starlings affects vigilance and foraging behaviour. Anim. Behav. 69: 73-81.
29. Fernandez-Juricic, E., Beauchamp, G. & Bastain, B. (2007). Group size and distance to neighbour effects on feeding and vigilance in brown headed cowbirds. Anim. Behav. 73: 771-778.
30. Fritz, H., Guillemain, M. & Durant, D. (2002). The cost of vigilance for intake rate in the mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos): an approach through foraging experiments. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 14: 91-97.
31. Gauvin, S. & Giraldeau, LA. (2004). Nutmeg mannikins (Lonchura punctulata) reduce their feeding rates in response to simulated competition. Oecologia 139: 150-156.
32. Giraldeau, LA. (2008). Social foraging. In: Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary perspective on behaviour (Danchin, E., Giraldeau, LA. & Cezilly, F., eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 257-283.
33. Gluck, E. (1986). Flock size and habitat-dependent food and energy intake of foraging goldfinches. Oecologia 71: 149-155.
34. Hart, A. & Lendrem, D.W. (1984). Vigilance and scanning patterns in birds. Anim. Behav. 32: 1216-1224.
35. Johnson, CA., Giraldeau, LA. & Grant, J.W.A. (2001). The effect of handling time on interference among house sparrows foraging at different seed densities. Behaviour 138: 597-614.
36. Johnson, CA., Grant, J.W.A. & Giraldeau, LA. (2004). The effect of patch size and competitor number on aggression among foraging house sparrows. Behav. Ecol. 15: 412-418.
37. Knight, R.L. & Skagen, S.K. (1988). Agonistic asymmetries and the foraging ecology of bald eagles. Ecology 69: 1188-1194.
38. Knight, S.K. & Knight, R.L. (1986). Vigilance patterns of bald eagles feeding in groups. Auk 103: 263-272.
39. Kotler, B.P, Brown, J.S. & Bouskila, A. (2004). Apprehension and time allocation in gerbils: the effects of predatory risk and energetic state. Ecology 85: 917-922.
40. Lazarus, J. & Symonds, M. (1992). Contrasting effects of protective and obstructive cover on avian vigilance. Anim. Behav. 43: 519-521.
41. Lendrem, D.W. (1983). Predation risk and vigilance in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 14: 9-13.
42. Lima, S.L. (1987). Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation. J. Theor. Biol. 124: 303-316.
43. Lima, S.L. (1995). Collective detection of predatory attack by social foragers: fraught with ambiguity? Anim. Behav. 50: 1097-1108.
44. Lima, S.L. & Dill, L.M. (1990). Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68: 619-640.
45. Lima, S.L., Wiebe, K.L. & Dill, L.M. (1987). Protective cover and the use of space by finches: is closer better? Oikos 50: 225-230.
46. Lima, S.L., Zollner, P.A. & Bednekoff, P.A. (1999). Predation, scramble competition, and the vigilance group size effect in dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 46: 110-116.
47. Newman, J.A., Recer, G.M., Zwicker, S.M. & Caraco, T. (1988). Effects of predation hazard on foraging "constraints": patch-use strategies in grey squirrels. Oikos 53: 93-97.
48. Petit, D.R. & Bildstein, K.L. (1987). Effect of group size and location within the group on the foraging behavior of white ibises. Condor 89: 602-609.
49. Powell, G.V.N. (1974). Experimental analysis of social value of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging. Anim. Behav. 22: 501-505.
50. Poysa, H. (1994). Group foraging, distance to cover and vigilance in the teal, Anas crecca. Anim. Behav. 48: 921-928.
51. Roberts, G. (1995). A real-time response of vigilance behavior to changes in group size. Anim. Behav. 50: 1371-1374.
52. Sadedin, S.R. & Elgar, M.A. (1998). The influence of flock size and geometry on the scanning behaviour of spotted turtle doves, Streptopelia chinensis. Aust. J. Ecol. 23: 177-180.
53. Saino, N. (1994). Time budget variation in relation to flock size in carrion crows, Corvus corone corone. Anim. Behav. 47: 1189-1196.
54. Sansom, A., Cresswell, W., Minderman, J. & Lind, J. (2008). Vigilance benefits and competition costs in groups: do individual redshanks gain an overall foraging benefit? Anim. Behav. 75: 1869-1875.
55. Scannell, J., Roberts, G. & Lazarus, J. (2001). Prey scan at random to evade observant predators. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 268: 541-547.
56. Schmaltz, G. (2001). Scanning-group-size effect in flocks of house sparrows: quantifying the contribution of competition and anti-predatory vigilance. PhD Master of Science thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, QC.
57. Senar, J.C., Copete, J.L. & Metcalfe, N.B. (1990). Dominance relationships between resident and transient wintering siskins. Ornis Scand. 21: 129-132.
58. Senar, J.C., Burton, P.J.K. & Metcalfe, N.B. (1992). Variation in the nomadic tendency of a wintering finch Carduelis spinus and its relationship with body condition. Ornis Scand. 23: 63-72.
59. Senar, J.C., Camerino, M., Copete, J.L. & Metcalfe, N.B. (1993). Variation in black bib of the Eurasian siskin (Carduelis spinus) and its role as a reliable badge of dominance. Auk 110: 924-927.
60. Slotow, R. (1996). Aggression in white-crowned sparrows: effects of distance from cover and group size. Condor 98: 245-252.
61. Slotow, R. & Coumi, N. (2000). Vigilance in bronze mannikin groups: the contributions of predation risk and intra-group competition. Behaviour 137: 565-578.
62. Waite, T.A. (1987). Vigilance in the white-breasted nuthatch: effects of dominance and sociality. Auk 104: 429-434.
63. Whittingham, M.J., Butler, S.J., Quinn, J.L. & Cresswell, W. (2004). The effect of limited visibility on vigilance behaviour and speed of predator detection: implications for the conservation of granivorous passerines. Oikos 106: 377-385.