메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue , 2013, Pages

The 1859 space weather event revisited: Limits of extreme activity

Author keywords

Extreme events; Historical records; Magnetic storms; Solar activity; Space weather

Indexed keywords


EID: 84891842010     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21157251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2013053     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (292)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 33747174501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859" by B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JA011005
    • Akasofu, S.-I., and Y. Kamide, Comment on The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859 by B.T. Tsurutani, W.D. Gonzalez, G.S. Lakhina, and S. Alex, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09226, DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011005, 2005. (Pubitemid 44228309)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.110 , Issue.A9
    • Akasofu, S.-I.1    Kamide, Y.2
  • 3
    • 0005276415 scopus 로고
    • The magnetic storm of May 13-14 1921 observations at Samoa Observatory
    • Angenheister, G., and C.J. Westland, The magnetic storm of May 13-14, 1921: Observations at Samoa Observatory, New Zealand J. Sci. Tech., 4, 201-202, 1921.
    • (1921) New Zealand J. Sci. Tech. , vol.4 , pp. 201-202
    • Angenheister, G.1    Westland, C.J.2
  • 4
    • 84874088754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The standard flare model in three dimensions II. Upper limit on solar flare energy
    • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220406
    • Aulanier, G., P. Démoulin, C.J. Schrijver, M. Janvier, E. Pariat, and B. Schmieder, The standard flare model in three dimensions II. Upper limit on solar flare energy, A&A, 549, A66, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220406, 2013.
    • (2013) A&A , vol.549 , pp. 66
    • Aulanier, G.1    Démoulin, P.2    Schrijver, C.J.3    Janvier, M.4    Pariat, E.5    Schmieder, B.6
  • 5
    • 0041131918 scopus 로고
    • Solar eruptions and their ionospheric effects-A classical observation and its new interpretation
    • Bartels, J., Solar eruptions and their ionospheric effects-A classical observation and its new interpretation, Terr. Mag. Atmos. Elect., 42, 235-239, 1937.
    • (1937) Terr. Mag. Atmos. Elect. , vol.42 , pp. 235-239
    • Bartels, J.1
  • 7
    • 33749576165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The super storms of August/September 1859 and their effects on the telegraph system
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.01.013, PII S0273117706000214
    • Boteler D.H., The super storms of August/September 1859 and their effects on the telegraph system, Adv. Space Res., 38, 159-172, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537548)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-172
    • Boteler, D.H.1
  • 8
    • 18144366472 scopus 로고
    • Some great tropical aurorae
    • Botley, C.M., Some great tropical aurorae, J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 67, 188-191, 1957.
    • (1957) J. Brit. Astron. Assoc. , vol.67 , pp. 188-191
    • Botley, C.M.1
  • 9
    • 33747184472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray magnitude of the 4 November 2003 solar flare inferred from the ionospheric attenuation of the galactic radio background
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JA010960
    • Brodrick, D., S. Tingay, and M. Wieringa, X-ray magnitude of the 4 November 2003 solar flare inferred from the ionospheric attenuation of the galactic radio background, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S36, DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010960, 2005. (Pubitemid 44228359)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.110 , Issue.A9
    • Brodrick, D.1    Tingay, S.2    Wieringa, M.3
  • 11
    • 0000201701 scopus 로고
    • An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst
    • Burton, R.K., R.L. Mcpherron, and C.T. Russell, An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4204-4214, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 4204-4214
    • Burton, R.K.1    McPherron, R.L.2    Russell, C.T.3
  • 12
    • 0001409544 scopus 로고
    • The role of interplanetary shocks in the longitude distribution of solar energetic particles
    • Cane, H.V., D.V. Reames, and T .T. Von Rosenvinge, The role of interplanetary shocks in the longitude distribution of solar energetic particles, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9555-9567, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 9555-9567
    • Cane, H.V.1    Reames, D.V.2    Von Rosenvinge, T.T..3
  • 13
    • 0002923284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of a singular appearance seen in the Sun on September 1 1859
    • 1860
    • Carrington, R.C., Description of a singular appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 20, 13-14, 1860.
    • Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. , vol.20 , pp. 13-14
    • Carrington, R.C.1
  • 15
    • 84894412250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimation of the Carrington flare magnitude from solar flare effects (sfe) in the geomagnetic records2010
    • 12-16 April 2010 University of Glasgow, UK
    • Clarke, E., C. Rodger, M. Clilverd, T. Humphries, O. Baillie, and A. Thomson, An estimation of the Carrington flare magnitude from solar flare effects (sfe) in the geomagnetic records2010.Royal Astron. Soc. National Astron. Meeting, 12-16 April, 2010 University of Glasgow, UK. Cliver, E.W., The unusual relativistic solar proton events of 1979 August 21 and 1981 May 10, Astrophys. J., 639, 1206-1217, 2006a.
    • Royal Astron. Soc. National Astron Meeting
    • Clarke, E.1    Rodger, C.2    Clilverd, M.3    Humphries, T.4    Baillie, O.5    Thomson, A.6
  • 16
    • 33645152555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unusual relativistic solar proton events of 1979 August 21 and 1981 May 10
    • DOI 10.1086/499765
    • Cliver, E.W., The unusual relativistic solar proton events of 1979 August 21 and 1981 May 10, Astrophys. J., 639, 1206-1217, 2006a. (Pubitemid 43448757)
    • (2006) Astrophysical Journal , vol.639 , Issue.2 , pp. 1206-1217
    • Cliver, E.W.1
  • 17
    • 33749572618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1859 space weather event: Then and now
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.077, PII S0273117705010215
    • Cliver, E.W., The 1859 space weather event: Then and now, Adv. Space Res., 38, 119-129, 2006b. (Pubitemid 44540383)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-129
    • Cliver, E.W.1
  • 18
    • 0000078235 scopus 로고
    • A seasonal dependence for the geoeffectiveness of eruptive solar events
    • Cliver, E.W., and N.U. Crooker, A seasonal dependence for the geoeffectiveness of eruptive solar events, Solar Phys., 145, 347-357, 1993.
    • (1993) Solar Phys. , vol.145 , pp. 347-357
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Crooker, N.U.2
  • 19
    • 84864329298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richard christopher carrington briefly among the great scientists of his time
    • Cliver, E.W., and N.C. Keer, Richard Christopher Carrington: Briefly among the great scientists of his time, Solar Phys., 280, 1-31, 2012.
    • (2012) Solar Phys. , vol.280 , pp. 1-31
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Keer, N.C.2
  • 20
    • 20944432602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance and the current limits of extreme space weather activity
    • DOI 10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z
    • Cliver, E.W., and L. Svalgaard, The 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance and the current limits of extreme space weather activity, Solar Phys., 224, 407-422, 2004. (Pubitemid 40622201)
    • (2005) Solar Physics , vol.224 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 407-422
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Svalgaard, L.2
  • 21
    • 0000131227 scopus 로고
    • Injection onsets of 2 GeV protons, 1 MeVelectrons, and 100 keV electrons in solar cosmic ray flares
    • Cliver, E.W., S.W. Kahler, M.A. Shea, and D.F. Smart, Injection onsets of 2 GeV protons, 1 MeVelectrons, and 100 keV electrons in solar cosmic ray flares, Astrophys. J., 260, 362-370, 1982.
    • (1982) Astrophys. J. , vol.260 , pp. 362-370
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Kahler, S.W.2    Shea, M.A.3    Smart, D.F.4
  • 22
    • 0005570602 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the maximum speed of the solar wind 1938-1989
    • Cliver, E.W., J. Feynman, and H.B. Garrett, An estimate of the maximum speed of the solar wind, 1938-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17103-17112, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 17103-17112
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Feynman, J.2    Garrett, H.B.3
  • 23
    • 67649088315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991 association with a disappearing solar filament
    • DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013232
    • Cliver, E.W, K.S. Balasubramaniam, N.V. Nitta, and X. Li, Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991: Association with a disappearing solar filament, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A00A20, DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013232, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114 , pp. 0020
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Balasubramaniam, K.S.2    Nitta, N.V.3    Li, X.4
  • 24
    • 84866062820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size distributions of solar flares and solar energetic particle events
    • DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/756/2/L29
    • Cliver, E.W., A.G. Ling, A. Belov, and S. Yashiro, Size distributions of solar flares and solar energetic particle events, Astrophys. J. Lett., 756, L29, DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/756/2/L29, 2012.
    • (2012) Astrophys. J. Lett. , vol.756 , pp. 29
    • Cliver, E.W.1    Ling, A.G.2    Belov, A.3    Yashiro, S.4
  • 26
    • 0005318423 scopus 로고
    • The aurora of May 14 1921
    • Douglass, A.E., The aurora of May 14, 1921, Science, 54, 14, 1921.
    • (1921) Science , vol.54 , pp. 14
    • Douglass, A.E.1
  • 27
    • 84868089056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global energetics of thirty-eight large solar eruptive events
    • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/71
    • Emslie, G., B.R. Dennis, A.Y. Shih, P.C. Chamberlin, and R.A. Mewaldt, et al., Global energetics of thirty-eight large solar eruptive events, Astrophys. J., 759, 71, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/71, 2012.
    • (2012) Astrophys. J. , vol.759 , pp. 71
    • Emslie, G.1    Dennis, B.R.2    Shih, A.Y.3    Chamberlin, P.C.4    Mewaldt, R.A.5
  • 32
    • 33749574950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration and extent of the great auroral storm of 1859
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.054, PII S0273117705012093
    • Green, J.L., and S. Boardsen, Duration and extent of the great auroral storm of 1859, Adv. Space Res., 38, 130-135, 2006. (Pubitemid 44559715)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-135
    • Green, J.L.1    Boardsen, S.2
  • 33
    • 79955830886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a scientific understanding of the risk from extreme space weather
    • Hapgood, M.A., Towards a scientific understanding of the risk from extreme space weather, Adv. Space Res., 47, 2059-2072, 2011.
    • (2011) Adv. Space Res. , vol.47 , pp. 2059-2072
    • Hapgood, M.A.1
  • 34
    • 84859912646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepare for the coming space weather storm
    • DOI: 10.1038/484311a
    • Hapgood, M.A., Prepare for the coming space weather storm, Nature, 484, 311-313, DOI: 10.1038/484311a, 2012.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.484 , pp. 311-313
    • Hapgood, M.A.1
  • 35
    • 76049101925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meridional transport and deposition of atmospheric 10Be
    • Heikkila, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter,Meridional transport and deposition of atmospheric 10Be, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 515-527, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 515-527
    • Heikkilau1    Beer, J.2    Feichter, J.3
  • 36
    • 0012358803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On a curious appearance seen in the Sun
    • 1860
    • Hodgson, R, On a curious appearance seen in the Sun, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 20, 15, 1860.
    • Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. , vol.20 , pp. 15
    • Hodgson, R.1
  • 40
    • 33749576168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great geomagnetic storms and extreme impulsive geomagnetic field disturbance events - An analysis of observational evidence including the great storm of May 1921
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.055, PII S0273117705012111
    • Kappenman, J.G., Great geomagnet ic storms and impulsive geomagnetic field disturbance events-an analysis of observational evidence including the great storm of May 1921, Adv. Space Res., 38, 188-199, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537545)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-199
    • Kappenman, J.G.1
  • 41
    • 17144361906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft X-ray parameters of the great flares of active region 486
    • Kiplinger, A.L., and H.A. Garcia, Soft X-ray parameters of the great flares of active region 486, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 36, 739, 2004.
    • (2004) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.36 , pp. 739
    • Kiplinger, A.L.1    Garcia, H.A.2
  • 42
    • 79956073924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sun as a star observations of white-light flares
    • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015930
    • Kretzschmar, M., The Sun as a star: Observations of white-light flares, Astron. Astroph ys., 530, A84, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015930, 2011.
    • (2011) Astron. Astroph Ys. , vol.530 , pp. 84
    • Kretzschmar, M.1
  • 44
    • 84894448929 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the aurora at the lowell observatory 14 may 1921
    • Lampland, C.O., Observations of the aurora at the Lowell observatory 14 May, 1921, Science, 54, 185-187, 1921.
    • (1921) Science , vol.54 , pp. 185-187
    • Lampland, C.O.1
  • 45
    • 0037095924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energetic storm particle event of October 20 1989
    • DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014017
    • Lario, D., and R.B. Decker, The energetic storm particle event of October 20, 1989, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1393, DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014017, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1393
    • Lario, D.1    Decker, R.B.2
  • 46
    • 33749547235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of 1-2 September 1859 super magnetic storm
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.070, PII S0273117705008471
    • Li, X., M. Temerin, B.T. Tsurutani, and S. Alex, Model ing the 1-2 September 1859 super magnetic storm, Adv. Space Res., 38, 273-279, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537540)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 273-279
    • Li, X.1    Temerin, M.2    Tsurutani, B.T.3    Alex, S.4
  • 47
    • 18144367595 scopus 로고
    • The great auroral exhibition of August 28th to September 4th 1859
    • 1859, 29, 92-97, 249-266, 386-399, 1860; 79-100, 339-361, 1860; 32, 71-84, 318-335
    • Loomis, E., The great auroral exhibition of August 28th to September 4th 1859, Am. J. Sci. Arts, Second Series. 28, 385-408, 1859, 29, 92-97, 249-266, 386-399, 1860; 79-100, 339-361, 1860; 32, 71-84, 318-335, 1861.
    • (1861) Am. J. Sci. Arts Second Series. , vol.28 , pp. 385-408
    • Loomis, E.1
  • 49
    • 0003285890 scopus 로고
    • Derivation meaning and use of geomagnetic indices
    • Washington DC, AGU
    • Mayaud, P.N., Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic Indices, Geophys. Monograph Ser., vol. 22, Washington, DC, AGU, 1980.
    • (1980) Geophys. Monograph Ser. , vol.22
    • Mayaud, P.N.1
  • 53
    • 39449097901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical phase space analysis of ring current dynamics: Solar wind control of injection and decay
    • OBrien, T.P., and R.L. McPherron, An empirical phase space analysis of ring current dynamics: Solar wind control of injection and decay, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7707-7719, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 7707-7719
    • Obrien, T.P.1    McPherron, R.L.2
  • 54
    • 0007560771 scopus 로고
    • Solar proton fluxes since 1956
    • Reedy, R.C., Solar proton fluxes since 1956, Proc. 8th Lunar Sci. Conf., 1, 825-839, 1977.
    • (1977) Proc. 8th Lunar Sci. Conf. , vol.1 , pp. 825-839
    • Reedy, R.C.1
  • 55
    • 84857852471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the probability of occurrence of extreme space weather events
    • DOI: 10.1029/2011SW000734
    • Riley, P., On the probability of occurrence of extreme space weather events, Space Weather, 10, S02012, DOI: 10.1029/2011SW000734, 2012.
    • (2012) Space Weather , vol.10 , pp. 02012
    • Riley, P.1
  • 56
    • 84894426424 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the aurora at the lowell observatory 14 may 1921
    • Russell, H.N., Observations of the aurora at the Lowell Observatory 14 May, 1921, Science, 54, 184-184, 1921.
    • (1921) Science , vol.54 , pp. 184-184
    • Russell, H.N.1
  • 57
    • 84878335464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The very unusual interplanetary coronal mass ejection of July 23 2012: A blast wave mediated by solar energetic particles
    • Russell, C.T., R.A. Mewaldt, J.G. Luhmann, G.M. Mason, and T.T. Von Rosenvinge, et al., The very unusual interplanetary coronal mass ejection of July 23, 2012: A blast wave mediated by solar energetic particles, Astrophys. J. Lett., 770, 38-38, 2013.
    • (2013) Astrophys. J. Lett. , vol.770 , pp. 38-38
    • Russell, C.T.1    Mewaldt, R.A.2    Luhmann, J.G.3    Mason, G.M.4    Von Rosenvinge, T.T.5
  • 58
    • 84894446961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surles perturbations magnétiques observes à Rome le 2 Septembre 1859
    • 1859
    • Secchi, P., Sur les perturbations magnétiques observes à Rome le 2 Septembre 1859, Comptes Rendus, 49, 458-460, 1859.
    • Comptes Rendus , vol.49 , pp. 458-460
    • Secchi, P.1
  • 59
    • 84865328678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records
    • DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017706
    • Schrijver, C.J., J. Beer, U. Baltensperger, E.W. Cliver, and M. Gudel, et al., Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A08103, DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017706, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. 08103
    • Schrijver, C.J.1    Beer, J.2    Baltensperger, U.3    Cliver, E.W.4    Gudel, M.5
  • 60
    • 0001019377 scopus 로고
    • A summary of major solar proton events
    • Shea, M.A., and D.F. Smart, A summary of major solar proton events, Solar Phys., 127, 297-320, 1990.
    • (1990) Solar Phys. , vol.127 , pp. 297-320
    • Shea, M.A.1    Smart, D.F.2
  • 61
    • 33749567935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compendium of the eight articles on the "Carrington Event" attributed to or written by Elias Loomis in the American Journal of Science, 1859-1861
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.07.005, PII S0273117706004480
    • Shea, M.A., and D.F. Smart, Compendium of the eight articles on the Carrington Event attributed to or written by Elias Loomis in the American Journal of Science, 1859-1861, Adv. Space Res., 38, 313-385, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537550)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 313-385
    • Shea, M.A.1    Smart, D.F.2
  • 62
    • 45449108394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-latitude auroras: The great aurora of 4 February 1872
    • Silverman, S.M., Low-latitude auroras: The great aurora of 4 February 1872, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 70, 1301-1308, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.70 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Silverman, S.M.1
  • 63
    • 0035060217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-latitude auroras: The magnetic storm of 14-15 May 1921
    • DOI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00174-7, PII S1364682600001747, Interplanetary Medium and Geophysical Phenomena During Geomagnetic Storms
    • Silverman, S.M., and E.W. Cliver, Low-latitude auroras: The magnetic storm of 1 4-15 May 1921, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 63, 523-535, 2001. (Pubitemid 32296443)
    • (2001) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 523-535
    • Silverman, S.M.1    Cliver, E.W.2
  • 64
    • 0042697922 scopus 로고
    • A solar cycle variation of the interplanetary magnetic field
    • Siscoe, G.L., N.U. Crooker, and L. Christopher, A solar cycle variation of the interplanetary magnetic field, Solar Phys., 56, 449-461, 1978.
    • (1978) Solar Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 449-461
    • Siscoe, G.L.1    Crooker, N.U.2    Christopher, L.3
  • 65
    • 33749560725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dst of the Carrington storm of 1859
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.102, PII S0273117705012081
    • Siscoe, G., N.U. Crooker, and C.R. Clauer, Dst of the Carrington storm of 1859, Ad v. Space Res., 38, 173-179, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537543)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-179
    • Siscoe, G.1    Crooker, N.U.2    Clauer, C.R.3
  • 66
    • 0005278904 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the aurora at the Lowell observatory May 14 1921
    • Slipher, V.M., Observations of the aurora at the Lowell observatory May 14, 1921, Science, 54, 184-185, 1921.
    • (1921) Science , vol.54 , pp. 184-185
    • Slipher, V.M.1
  • 67
    • 33744788686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Carrington event: Possible solar proton intensity-time profile
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.116, PII S0273117705008422
    • Smart, D.F., M.A. Shea, and K.G. McCracken, The Carrington event: Possible solar proton intensity-time profile, Adv. Space Res., 38, 215-225, 2006. (Pubitemid 44537535)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-225
    • Smart, D.F.1    Shea, M.A.2    McCracken, K.G.3
  • 68
    • 33744810326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two groups of extremely large >30 MeV solar proton fluence events
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.008, PII S0273117705010987
    • Smart, D.F., M.A. Shea, H.E. Spence, and L. Kepko, Two groups of extremely large >30 MeV solar proton fluence events, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1734-1740, 2006. (Pubitemid 43831398)
    • (2006) Advances in Space Research , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1734-1740
    • Smart, D.F.1    Shea, M.A.2    Spence, H.E.3    Kepko, L.4
  • 69
    • 0006791821 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and fine structure of the large cosmic-ray fluctuations in November 1960
    • Steljes, J.F., H. Carmichael, and K.G. McCracken, Characteristics and fine structure of the large cosmic-ray fluctuations in November 1960, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1363-1377, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 1363-1377
    • Steljes, J.F.1    Carmichael, H.2    McCracken, K.G.3
  • 70
    • 18144370303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the great magnetic disturbance which extended from August 28 to September 7 1859 as recorded by photography at Kew Observatory
    • 1861
    • Stewart, B., On the great magnetic disturbance which extended from August 28 to September 7, 1859, as recorded by photography at Kew Observatory, Philos. Trans., 151, 423-430, 1861.
    • Philos. Trans. , vol.151 , pp. 423-430
    • Stewart, B.1
  • 71
    • 0000868959 scopus 로고
    • Hourly values of equatorial Dst for the IGY
    • Sugiura, M., Hourly values of equatorial Dst for the IGY, Ann. Int. Geophys. Year, 35, 49, 1964.
    • (1964) Ann. Int. Geophys. Year , vol.35 , pp. 49
    • Sugiura, M.1
  • 72
    • 0013384919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new model for the prediction of Dst on the basis of the solar wind
    • SMP DOI: 10.1029/2001JA007532
    • Temerin, M., and X. Li, A new model for the prediction of Dst on the basis of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1472, SMP 31-1. DOI: 10.1029/2001JA007532, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.1472 , pp. 31-41
    • Temerin, M.1    Li, X.2
  • 73
    • 33947521590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dst model for 1995-2002
    • DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011257
    • Temerin, M., and X. Li, Dst model for 1995-2002, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04221, DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011257, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111 , pp. 04221
    • Temerin, M.1    Li, X.2
  • 74
    • 18544400055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionosphere gives size of greatest solar flare
    • DOI: 10.1029/2003GL019345
    • Thomson, N.R., C.J. Rodger, and R.L. Dowden, Ionosphere gives size of greatest solar flare, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06803, DOI: 10.1029/ 2003GL019345, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31 , pp. 06803
    • Thomson, N.R.1    Rodger, C.J.2    Dowden, R.L.3
  • 76
    • 76149116854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ulysses catalog of solar hard X-ray flares
    • Tranquille, C., K. Hurley, and H.S. Hudson, The Ulysses catalog of solar hard X-ray flares, Solar Phys., 258, 141-166, 2009.
    • (2009) Solar Phys. , vol.258 , pp. 141-166
    • Tranquille, C.1    Hurley, K.2    Hudson, H.S.3
  • 77
    • 0942304094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859
    • SSH 1-1 DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009504
    • Tsurutani, B.T., W.D. Gonzalez, G.S Lakhina, and S. Alex, The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 12-68, SSH 1-1, DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009504, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 12-68
    • Tsurutani, B.T.1    Gonzalez, W.D.2    Lakhina, G.S.3    Alex, S.4
  • 78
    • 33747178632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to comment by S.-I. Akasofu and Y. Kamide on "The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859"
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JA011121
    • Tsurutani, B.T., W.D. Gonzales, G.S. Lakhina, and S. Alex, Reply to comment by S.-I. Akasofu and Y. Kamide on The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 859, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09227, DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011121, 2005. (Pubitemid 44228310)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics , vol.110 , Issue.A9
    • Tsurutani, B.T.1    Gonzalez, W.D.2    Lakhina, G.S.3    Alex, S.4
  • 79
    • 65249188746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely strong geomagnetic storm of September 2-3 1859 according to the archived data of observations at the Russian network
    • Tyasto, M.I., N.G. Ptitsyna, I.S. Veselovsky, and O.S. Yakovchouk, Extremely strong geomagnetic storm of September 2-3, 1859, according to the archived data of observations at the Russian network, Geomag. Aeron., 49, 153-162, 2009.
    • (2009) Geomag. Aeron. , vol.49 , pp. 153-162
    • Tyasto, M.I.1    Ptitsyna, N.G.2    Veselovsky, I.S.3    Yakovchouk, O.S.4
  • 80
    • 77958528347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and comprehensive analysis of proton spectra in ground level enhanced (GLE) solar particle events
    • Lodź, Poland, Universal Academy Press, ICRC0273
    • Tylka, A., and W. Dietrich, M., Giller, and J. Szabelski, New and comprehensive analysis of proton spectra in ground level enhanced (GLE) solar particle events. In: Proc. 31th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Lodź, Poland, Universal Academy Press, ICRC0273, 2009.
    • (2009) Proc. 31th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf.
    • Tylka, A.1    Dietrich M Giller, W.2    Szabelski, J.3
  • 81
    • 84866099139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of extreme solar particle events: Assessment from historical proxy data
    • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/92
    • Usoskin, I.G., and G.A. Kovaltsov, Occurrence of extreme solar particle events: Assessment from historical proxy data, Astrophys. J., 757, 92, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/92, 2012.
    • (2012) Astrophys. J. , vol.757 , Issue.92
    • Usoskin, I.G.1    Kovaltsov, G.A.2
  • 82
    • 0005337878 scopus 로고
    • Historical review of great auroras
    • Vallance Jones, A., Historical review of great auroras, Can. J. Phys., 70, 479-487, 1992.
    • (1992) Can. J. Phys. , vol.70 , pp. 479-487
    • Vallance Jones, A.1
  • 83
    • 0001093608 scopus 로고
    • The variation of solar proton energy spectra and size distribution with heliolongitude
    • Van Hollebeke, M.A., L.S. Ma Sung, and F.B. McDonald, The variation of solar proton energy spectra and size distribution with heliolongitude, Solar Phys., 41, 189-323, 1975.
    • (1975) Solar Phys. , vol.41 , pp. 189-323
    • Van Hollebeke, M.A.1    Ma Sung, L.S.2    McDonald, F.B.3
  • 84
    • 79958864217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The largest imaginable geomagnetic storm
    • Vasyliunas, V., The largest imaginable geomagnetic storm, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 73, 1444-1446, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.73 , pp. 1444-1446
    • Vasyliunas, V.1
  • 86
    • 0005314731 scopus 로고
    • A note upon the Aurora Australis
    • Westland, C.J., A note upon the Aurora Australis, J. Brit. Astron. Soc., 31, 380, 1921.
    • (1921) J. Brit. Astron. Soc. , vol.31 , pp. 380
    • Westland, C.J.1
  • 88
    • 33947512978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the solar ultraviolet irradiance to the total solar irradiance during large flares
    • DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011507
    • Woods, T.N., G. Kopp, P.C. Chamberlin, Contributions of the solar ultraviolet irradiance to the total solar irradiance during large flares, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S14, DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011507, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111 , pp. 1014
    • Woods, T.N.1    Kopp, G.2    Chamberlin, P.C.3
  • 89
    • 33845266995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different power-law indices in the frequency distributions of flares with and without coronal mass ejections
    • DOI 10.1086/508876
    • Yashiro, S., S. Akiyama, N. Gopalswamy, and R.A. Howard, Differe nt power-law indices in the frequency distributions of flares with and without coronal mass ejections, Astrophys. J. Lett., 650, L143, DOI: 10.1086/508876, 2006. (Pubitemid 44865482)
    • (2006) Astrophysical Journal , vol.650 , Issue.2
    • Yashiro, S.1    Akiyama, S.2    Gopalswamy, N.3    Howard, R.A.4
  • 90
    • 37249039017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar and Interplanetary sources of major geomagnetic storms (Dst-100 nT) during 1996-2005
    • DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012321
    • Zhang, Z., I.G. Richardson, D.F. Webb, N. Gopalswamy, and E. Huttunen, et al., Solar and Interplanetary sources of major geomagnetic storms (Dst-100 nT) during 1996-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10102, DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012321, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112 , pp. 10102
    • Zhang, Z.1    Richardson, I.G.2    Webb, D.F.3    Gopalswamy, N.4    Huttunen, E.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.