Microbiological tap water profile of a medium-sized building and effect of water stagnation

Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 620-628

  Lipphaus, Patrick ^a   Hammes, Frederik ^b   Kötzsch, Stefan ^b   Green, James ^c   Gillespie, Simon ^c   Nocker, Andreas ^a  

^a CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^c SCOTTISH WATER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

bacteria; drinking water; flow cytometry; tap water; water stagnation

Indexed keywords

BEVERAGES; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; POTABLE WATER; WATER QUALITY;

BACTERIAL NUMBERS; CHLORINATED WATERS; MICROBIAL CONCENTRATIONS; MICROBIAL NUMBERS; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY; PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS; TAP WATER;

BACTERIA;

HOT WATER; TAP WATER;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; BACTERIUM; COFFEE; COLD WATER; COMPLIANCE; DRINKING WATER; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HYGIENE; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CELL; BATH; BUILDING; CHLORINATION; COLD; FLOW CYTOMETRY; KITCHEN; LABORATORY; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

CHLORINE; DISINFECTANTS; DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GREAT BRITAIN; HOUSING; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER PURIFICATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 84891831923     PISSN: 09593330     EISSN: 1479487X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.839748     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. WHO. Heterotrophic plate count measurement in drinking water safety management. Report of an Expert Meeting, Geneva, 24-25 April 2002. Department of Protection of the Human Environment, Water, Sanitation and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva; 2002
2. Bartram J, Fricker C, Exner M, Cotruvo J, Glasmacher A. Heterotrophic plate count measurement in drinking water safety management: Report of an expert meeting, Geneva, 24-25 April 2002. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;92: 241-247
3. Koch R. Über die Neuen Untersuchungsmethoden zum Nachweis der Mikrokosmen in Boden, Luft und Wasser. In: Faffky G, Pfuhl E, Schalbe J, editors. GesammelteWerke von Robert Koch. Leipzig: Verlag Georg Thieme; 1912, 1883.p. 274-284
4. Siebel E, Wang Y, Egli T, Hammes F. Correlations between total cell concentration, total adenosine tri-phosphate concentration and heterotrophic plate counts during microbial monitoring of drinking water. Drink Water Eng Sci. 2008;1:1-6
5. Carter JT, Rice EW, Buchberger SG, Lee Y. Relationship between levels of heterotrophic bacteria and water quality parameters in a drinking water distribution system. Water Res. 2000;34:1495-1502
6. UhlW, Schaule G. Establishment of HPC(R2A) for regrowth control in non-chlorinated distribution systems. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;92:317-325
7. Hammes F, Egli T. Cytometric methods for measuring bacteria in water: Advantages, pitfalls and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;397:1083-1095
8. Wang Y, Hammes F, De Roy K, VerstraeteW, Boon N. Past, present and future applications of flow cytometry in aquatic microbiology. Trends Biotechnol. 2010;28:416-424
9. Berney M, Vital M, Hülshoff I, Weilenmann HU, Egli T, Hammes F. Rapid, cultivation-independent assessment of microbial viability in drinking water. Water Res. 2008;42:4010-4018
10. Vital M, Dignum M, Magic-Knezev A, Ross P, Rietveld L, Hammes F. Flow cytometry and adenosine tri-phosphate analysis: Alternative possibilities to evaluate major bacteriological changes in drinking water treatment and distribution systems. Water Res. 2012;46:4665-4676
11. Monfort P, Baleux B. Comparison of flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy for counting bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Cytometry. 1992;13:188-192
12. Füchslin HP, Kötzsch S, Keserue H-A, Egli T. Rapid and quantitative detection of Legionella pneumophila applying immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry. Cytometry Part A. 2010;77A:264-274
13. Hammes F, Berney M, Wang Y, Vital M, Köster O, Egli T. Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes. Water Res. 2008;42:269-277
14. Ho L, Braun K, Fabris R, Hoefel D, Morran J, Monis P, Drikas M. Comparison of drinking water treatment process streams for optimal bacteriological water quality.Water Res. 2012;46:3934-3942
15. Lautenschlager K, Boon N, Wang Y, Egli T, Hammes F. Overnight stagnation of drinking water in household taps induces microbial growth and changes in community composition. Water Res. 2010;44:4868-4877
16. Ramseier MK, von Gunten U, Freihofer P, Hammes F. Kinetics of membrane damage to high (HNA) and low (LNA)nucleic acid bacterial clusters in drinking water by ozone, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ferrate (VI), and permanganate. Water Res. 2011;45:1490-1500
17. Gatza E, Hammes F, Prest E. Assessing water quality with the BD Accuri™ C6 flow cytometer. White Paper BD Biosciences; 2013
18. Pepper IL, Rusin P, Quintanar DR, Haney C, Josephson KL, Gerba CP. Tracking the concentration of heterotrophic plate count bacteria from the source to the consumer's tap. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;92:2289-2295
19. Vital M, Lautenschlager K, Hammes F. The application of flow cytometric based monitoring technologies on fullscale treatment and distribution systems, Technique report D3.6.5.2; 2010. Available from: Http://www.techneau.org/ fileadmin/files/Publications/Publications/Deliverables/ D3.6.5.2.pdf
20. Servais P, Anzil A, Gatel D, Cavard J. Biofilm in the Parisian suburbs drinking water distribution system. J Water Supply Res T. 2004;53:313-324
21. Kötzsch S, Egli T. Kunststoffe in Kontakt mit Trinkwasser. Aqua & Gas. 2013;44:44-52
22. Kerneys A, Nakache F, Deguin A, Feinberg M. The effects of water residence time on the biological quality in a distribution network. Water Res. 1995;29:1719-1727
23. LeChevallier MW. Conditions favouring coliform and HPC bacterial growth in drinking water and on water contact surfaces. In: Bartram J, Cotruvo J, Exner M, Fricker C, Glasmacher A, editors. Heterotrophic plate counts and drinking-water safety. London: World Health Organization (WHO)/IWA Publishing; 2003. p. 177-197
24. Niquette P, Servais P, Savoir R. Impacts of pipe materials on densities of fixed bacterial biomass in a drinking water distribution system. Water Res. 2000;34:1952-1956
25. Bucheli-Witschel M, Kötzsch S, Darr S, Widler R, Egli T. A new method to assess the influence of migration from polymeric substances on the biostability of drinking water. Water Res. 2012;46:4246-4260
26. Rogers J, Dowsett AB, Dennis PJ, Lee JV, Keevil CW. Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994;60:1585-1592
27. Moritz MM, Flemming HC, Wingender J. Integration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water biofilms grown on domestic plumbing materials. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010;213:190-197