Young men's views toward the barriers and facilitators of internet-based chlamydia trachomatis screening: Qualitative study

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2013, Pages

  Lorimer, Karen ^a   McDaid, Lisa ^b  

^a GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolescent male; Chlamydia; Internet; Qualitative research; Screening; Sexually transmitted diseases; Socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT MALE; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHLAMYDIA; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; CHLAMYDIASIS; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNET; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SCREENING; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SOCIAL STATUS; TELEMEDICINE; UNITED KINGDOM; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT MALE; CHLAMYDIA; INTERNET; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SCREENING; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS;

ADOLESCENT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; FOCUS GROUPS; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INTERNET; MALE; MASS SCREENING; SCOTLAND; TELEMEDICINE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84891785919     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2628     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. The UK Collaborative Group for HIVSTI Surveillance. Testing Times. HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United Kingdom: 2007. London: Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections; 2007 Nov. URL: http://www.hpa.org.uk/Publications/InfectiousDiseases/HIVAndSTIs/ 0711TestingTimesHIVandSTIsReport/[accessed 2013-11-15] [WebCite Cache ID 6L9S7Yc5Y]
2. European Centre for Disease Prevention Control. Chlamydia control in Europe. Stockholm: ECDC; 2009, Jun. URL: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/files/pdf/ Health-topics/0906-GUI-Chlamydia-Control-in-Europe.pdf [accessed 2013-11-15] [WebCite Cache ID 6L9SIudtt]
3. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats11/toc.htm [accessed 2013-11-15] [WebCite Cache ID 6L9RfDFsF]
4. Walsh C, Anderson LA, Irwin K. The silent epidemic of Chlamydia trachomatis: the urgent need for detection and treatment in women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000 May;9(4):339-343. [doi: 10.1089/15246090050020637] [Medline: 10868604]
5. Stevens G. The silent infection: chlamydia and pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery 2000;8(3):190.
6. Low N. Screening programmes for chlamydial infection: when will we ever learn? BMJ 2007;334(7596):725. [doi: 10.1136/bmj.39154.378079.BE]
7. Review of chlamydia control activities in EU countries. Stockholm: ECDC; 2008, May. ECDC Technical Report URL: http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/ Publications/0805-TER-Review-of-Chlamydia-Control-Activities.pdf [accessed 2013-11-15] [WebCite Cache ID 6L9Tlr4nf]
8. Low N, Cassell JA, Spencer B, Bender N, Hilber AM, van Bergen J, et al. Chlamydia control activities in Europe: cross-sectional survey. Eur J Public Health 2012 Aug;22(4):556-561 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr046] [Medline: 21531771]
9. Ford CA, Viadro CI, Miller WC. Testing for chlamydial and gonorrheal infections outside of clinic settings: a summary of the literature. Sex Transm Dis 2004 Jan;31(1):38-51. [doi: 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000105117.77684.B9] [Medline: 14695957]
10. Kløvstad H, Natås O, Tverdal A, Aavitsland P. Systematic screening with information and home sampling for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young men and women in Norway: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:30 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-30] [Medline: 23343391]
11. Gaydos CA, Barnes M, Aumakhan B. Males will submit self-obtained penile swabs for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis when recruited via the Internet: Acceptability and accuracy. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009;44(2s):9.
12. Greenland KE, de Coul Op E, van Bergen J. Acceptability of the Internet-based chlamydia screening implementation in the Netherlands and insights into nonresponse. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2011;38(6):467-474.
13. Lorimer K, Reid ME, Hart GJ. "It has to speak to people's everyday life..": qualitative study of men and women's willingness to participate in a non-medical approach to Chlamydia trachomatis screening. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2009 Jun;85(3):201-205. [doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.031138] [Medline: 19106148]
14. Ofcom. Communications Market Report URL: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org. uk/market-data-research/market-data/communications-market-reports/cmr11/ [accessed 2013-03-20] [WebCite Cache]
15. Gold J, Pedrana AE, Sacks-Davis R, Hellard ME, Chang S, Howard S, et al. A systematic examination of the use of online social networking sites for sexual health promotion. BMC Public Health 2011;11:583 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-583] [Medline: 21777470]
16. Bailey, Murray E, Rait G, Mercer CH, Morris RW, Peacock R, et al. Computer-based interventions for sexual health promotion: systematic review and meta-analyses. Int J STD AIDS 2012 Jun;23(6):408-413. [doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2011. 011221] [Medline: 22807534]
17. Cole-Lewis H, Kershaw T. Text messaging as a tool for behavior change in disease prevention and management. Epidemiol Rev 2010 Apr;32(1):56-69 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxq004] [Medline: 20354039]
18. Kang M, Skinner R, Usherwood T. Interventions for young people in Australia to reduce HIV and sexually transmissible infections: a systematic review. Sex Health 2010 Jun;7(2):107-128. [doi: 10.1071/SH09079] [Medline: 20465974]
19. Lim MS, Sacks-Davis R, Aitken CK, Hocking JS, Hellard ME. Randomised controlled trial of paper, online and SMS diaries for collecting sexual behaviour information from young people. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010 Oct;64(10):885-889. [doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.085316] [Medline: 19767322]
20. Greenland, Op de Coul EL, van Bergen JE, Brouwers EE, Fennema HJ, Götz HM, et al. Acceptability of the internet-based Chlamydia screening implementation in the Netherlands and insights into nonresponse. Sex Transm Dis 2011 Jun;38(6):467-474. [doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318204546e] [Medline: 21217416]
21. Swendeman D, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Innovation in sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention: internet and mobile phone delivery vehicles for global diffusion. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010 Mar;23(2):139-144 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328336656a] [Medline: 20087189]
22. Lim MS, Hocking JS, Hellard ME, Aitken CK. SMS STI: a review of the uses of mobile phone text messaging in sexual health. Int J STD AIDS 2008 May;19(5):287-290. [doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007264] [Medline: 18482956]
23. Gaydos CA, Dwyer K, Barnes M, Rizzo-Price PA, Wood BJ, Flemming T, et al. Internet-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to reach non-clinic populations with mailed self-administered vaginal swabs. Sex Transm Dis 2006 Jul;33(7):451-457. [doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000200497.14326.fb] [Medline: 16652069]
24. Novak DP, Edman AC, Jonsson M, Karlsson RB. The internet, a simple and convenient tool in Chlamydia trachomatis screening of young people. Euro Surveill 2003 Sep;8(9):171-176. [Medline: 14512638]
25. van den Broek I, van Bergen J, Brouwers E, Fennema J, Gotz HM, Hoebe C, et al. Effectiveness of yearly, register based screening for chlamydia in the Netherlands: controlled trial with randomised stepped wedge implementation. BMJ 2012 Jul 05;345(jul05 1):e4316-e4316. [doi: 10.1136/bmj.e4316]
26. Noar SM, Black HG, Pierce LB. Efficacy of computer technology-based HIV prevention interventions: a meta-analysis. AIDS 2009 Jan 2;23(1):107-115. [doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831c5500] [Medline: 19050392]
27. Heijne J, Low N. Differential selection processes in opportunistic chlamydia screening. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2011;87(6):454-455. [doi: 10.1136/sti.2011.049783]
28. Fenton KA. Screening men for Chlamydia trachomatis infection: have we fully explored the possibilities? Commun Dis Public Health 2000 Jun;3(2):86-89. [Medline: 10902248]
29. Turner KM, Adams EJ, Lamontagne DS, Emmett L, Baster K, Edmunds WJ. Modelling the effectiveness of chlamydia screening in England. Sex Transm Infect 2006 Dec;82(6):496-502 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/sti.2005.019067] [Medline: 17151036]
30. Sheringham J, Simms I, Riha J, Talebi A, Emmett L, Macintosh M, et al. Will chlamydia screening reach young people in deprived areas in England? Baseline analysis of the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme delivery in 2008. Sex Transm Dis 2011 Aug;38(8):677-684. [doi: 10.1097/OLQ. 0b013e31821597ca] [Medline: 21844718]
31. Woodhall S, Sile B, Talebi A. Internet testing for Chlamydia trachomatis in England to 2010. BMC Public Health 2006;12(1):1095 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1095]
32. Kang M, Rochford A, Skinner R, Mindel A, Webb M, Peat J, et al. Facilitating chlamydia testing among young people: a randomised controlled trial in cyberspace. Sex Transm Infect 2012 Dec;88(8):568-573. [doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050124] [Medline: 22764218]
33. McCarthy O, Carswell K, Murray E, Free C, Stevenson F, Bailey JV. What young people want from a sexual health website: design and development of Sexunzipped. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(5):e127 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2116] [Medline: 23060424]
34. Carswell K, McCarthy O, Murray E, Bailey JV. Integrating psychological theory into the design of an online intervention for sexual health: the sexunzipped website. JMIR Res Protoc 2012;1(2):e16 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/resprot.2114] [Medline: 23612122]
35. Scottish Government. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. 2013. URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/SIMD [accessed 2013-03-22] [WebCite Cache ID 6FJG1xz5X]
36. Ritchie J, Lewis J. Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage Publications; 2003.
37. Pope C, Ziebland S, Mays N. Qualitative research in health care. Analysing qualitative data. BMJ 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):114-116 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 10625273]
38. Kelly NC, Zimet GD, Aalsma MC, Bernstein DI, Fortenberry JD, Rosenthal SL. Intent to accept and acceptance of herpes testing in adolescents and young adults. Sex Transm Infect 2009 Aug;85(4):296-299. [doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.032847] [Medline: 19211592]
39. Stewart, Shamdasani PN, Rook DW. Applied social research methods series. In: Focus groups: theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2007.
40. Miller J, Glassner B. The 'inside' and the 'outside': Finding realities in interviews. In: Silverman D, editor. Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2011.
41. Davis WM, Shoveller JA, Oliffe JL, Gilbert M. Young people's perspectives on the use of reverse discourse in web-based sexual-health interventions. Cult Health Sex 2012 Oct;14(9):1065-1079. [doi: 10.1080/13691058.2012.714800] [Medline: 22943601]
42. Pearson S. Promoting sexual health services to young men: findings from focus group discussions. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2003 Oct;29(4):194-198 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 14662051]
43. Gold J, Lim MS, Hellard ME, Hocking JS, Keogh L. What's in a message? Delivering sexual health promotion to young people in Australia via text messaging. BMC Public Health 2010;10:792 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-792] [Medline: 21190584]
44. Levine D. Using technology, new media, and mobile for sexual and reproductive health. Sex Res Soc Policy 2011 Feb 25;8(1):18-26. [doi: 10.1007/s13178-011-0040-7]
45. Chaudhary R, Heffernan CM, Illsley AL, Jarvie LK, Lattimer C, Nwuba AE, et al. Opportunistic screening for Chlamydia: a pilot study into male perspectives on provision of Chlamydia screening in a UK university. J Public Health (Oxf) 2008 Dec;30(4):466-471 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/pubmed/ fdn060] [Medline: 18653445]
46. Blake DR, Kearney MH, Oakes JM, Druker SK, Bibace R. Improving participation in Chlamydia screening programs: perspectives of high-risk youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003 Jun;157(6):523-529. [doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.6. 523] [Medline: 12796231]
47. Lindberg C, Lewis-Spruill C, Crownover R. Barriers to sexual and reproductive health care: urban male adolescents speak out. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 2006;29(2):73-88. [doi: 10.1080/01460860600677577] [Medline: 16772237]
48. Shoveller, Knight R, Davis W, Gilbert M, Ogilvie G. Online sexual health services: examining youth's perspectives. Can J Public Health 2012;103(1):14-18. [Medline: 22338322]
49. Dokkum NF, Koekenbier RH, van den Broek IV, van Bergen JE, Brouwers EE, Fennema JS, et al. Keeping participants on board: increasing uptake by automated respondent reminders in an Internet-based chlamydia screening in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2012;12:176 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-176] [Medline: 22404911]
50. Lim, Hocking JS, Aitken CK, Fairley CK, Jordan L, Lewis JA, et al. Impact of text and email messaging on the sexual health of young people: a randomised controlled trial. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012 Jan;66(1):69-74. [doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.100396] [Medline: 21415232]
51. Chai SJ, Aumakhan B, Barnes M, Jett-Goheen M, Quinn N, Agreda P, et al. Internet-based screening for sexually transmitted infections to reach nonclinic populations in the community: risk factors for infection in men. Sex Transm Dis 2010 Dec;37(12):756-763 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e3d771] [Medline: 20644498]
52. North S, Snyder I, Bulfin S. DIGITAL TASTES: Social class and young people's technology use. Information, Communication & Society 2008 Oct;11(7):895-911. [doi: 10.1080/13691180802109006]
53. Lorimer K. Non-medical approach to screening young men and women for chlamydia trachomatis. 2006. [Thesis] URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1338/1/ 2006lorimerphd.pdf [accessed 2013-11-15] [WebCite Cache ID 6L9XDQDW0]
54. Lorimer, Hart GJ. Knowledge of Chlamydia trachomatis among men and women approached to participate in community-based screening, Scotland, UK. BMC Public Health 2010;10:794 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-794] [Medline: 21192793]
55. Devonshire P, Hillman R, Capewell S, Clark BJ. Knowledge of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection and its consequences in people attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Sex Transm Infect 1999 Dec;75(6):409-411 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 10754947]
56. Shoveller JA, Knight R, Johnson J, Oliffe JL, Goldenberg S. 'Not the swab!' Young men's experiences with STI testing. Sociol Health Illn 2010 Jan;32(1):57-73. [doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01222.x] [Medline: 20415807]
57. Richardson D, Maple K, Perry N, Ambler E, Jurd C, Fisher M. A pilot qualitative analysis of the psychosocial factors which drive young people to decline chlamydia testing in the UK: implications for health promotion and screening. Int J STD AIDS 2010 Mar;21(3):187-190. [doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2009. 009053] [Medline: 20215623]