Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber with polyfunctional monomers

Polymer Bulletin

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 57-82

  Manaila, Elena ^a   Craciun, Gabriela ^a   Stelescu, Maria Daniela ^b   Ighigeanu, Daniel ^a   Ficai, Maria ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR LASER   (Romania)

^b National RandD Institute of Textile and Leather   (Romania)

Author keywords

Electron beam; Natural rubber; Polyfunctional monomer; Vulcanization

Indexed keywords

CONTROL SAMPLES; CROSS-LINK DENSITIES; DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE; ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE; HYDRAULIC PRESS; IRRADIATION DOSE; POLYFUNCTIONAL MONOMERS; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIMETHACRYLATE;

BLENDING; CURING; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); ELECTRON BEAMS; HYDRAULIC MACHINERY; IRRADIATION; LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENES; PEROXIDES; VULCANIZATION;

RUBBER;

EID: 84891760584     PISSN: 01700839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1045-6     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Dluzneski PR (2001) Peroxide vulcanization of elastomers. Rubber Chem Technol 74:451-492
2. Alvarez Grima MM (2007) "Novel Co-agents for Improved Properties in Peroxide Cure of Saturated Elastomers", PhD Thesis, Printed by Print Partners Ipskamp, ISBN: 90-365-2456-3, Enschede, Netherlands pp 11-25
3. Bhowmick AK, Vijayabaskar V (2006) Electron beam curing of elastomer. Rubber Chem Technol 79(3):402-428
4. Henning SK (2008) "The Use of Coagents in the Radical Cure of Elastomers". In: Proceedings of the 56th International Wire & Cable Symposium, pp 587-593
5. Chirinos H, Yoshii F, Makuuchi K, Lugao A (2003) Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex using 250 keV electron beam machine. Nucl Instrum Meth B 208:256-259
6. Haque ME, Dafader NC, Akhtar F, Ahmad MU (1996) Radiation dose required for the vulcanization of natural rubber latex. Radiat Phys Chem 48(4):505-510
7. Makuuchi K, Yoshii F, Gunewardena JA (1995) Radiation vulcanization of NR latex with low energy electron beams. Radiat Phys Chem 46(4-6):979-982
8. Gonzalez L, Rodriguez A, Marcos-Fernandez A, Chamorro C (1998) A new interpretation of the crosslinking mechanism of NR with dicumyl peroxide. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 51:83-87
9. Gonzalez L, Rodriguez A, Valentin JL, Marcos-Fernandez A, Posadas P (2005) Conventional and efficient crosslinking of natural rubber. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 58:638-643
10. Ikarashi Y, Toyoda K, Ohasawa N, Uchima T, Tsuchiya T, Kaniwa MA, Sato M, Takahashi M, Nakamura A (1992) Comparative studies by cell culture and in vivo implantation test on the toxicity of natural rubber latex materials. J Biomed Mater Res 26(3):339-356
11. Minoura Y, Asao M (1961) Studies on the γ-irradiation of natural rubber latex. The effects of organic halogen compounds on crosslinking by γ-irradiation. J Appl Polym Sci 5(16):401-407
12. Makuuchi K, Markovic V (1991) Radiation processing of natural rubber latex. IAEA Bull 33(1):25-28
13. Claramma NM, Mathew NM, Thomas EV (1989) Radiation induced graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on natural rubber. Radiat Phys Chem 33(2):87-89
14. George KM, Claramma NM, Thomas EV (1987) Studies on graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate in natural rubber latex induced by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 30(3):189-192
15. Kongparakul S, Prasassarakich P, Rempel GL (2008) Effect of grafted methyl methacrylate on the catalytic hydrogenation of natural rubber. Eur Polym J 44(6):1915-1920
16. Yunshu X, Yibei F, Yoshii F, Makuuchi K (1998) Sensitizing effect of polyfunctional monomers on radiation crosslinking of polychloroprene. Radiat Phys Chem 53(6):669-672
17. Majumder PS, Bhowmick AK (2000) Structure Property relationship of electron beam-modified EPDM rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 77(2):323-337
18. Yasin T, Ahmed S, Ahmed M, Yoshii F (2005) Effect of concentration of polyfunctional monomers on physical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber under-electron beam irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem 73(3):155-158
19. Vijayabaskar V, Bhowmick AK (2005) Electron beam modification of nitrile rubber in the presence of polyfunctional monomer. J Appl Polym Sci 95(2):435-447
20. Hafezi M, Khorasani SN, Ziaei F (2006) Application of Taguchi method in determining optimum level of curing system of NBR/PVC blend. J Polym Eng 102(6):5358-5362
21. Banik I, Bhowmick AK (2000) Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of crosslinked rubbers. Radiat Phys Chem 58:293-298
22. Bhattacharya A (2000) Radiation and industrial polymers. Prog Polym Sci 25:371-401
23. Endstra WC (1990) Application of coagents for peroxide cross-linking. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 43(9):790-793
24. Keller RC (1988) Peroxide curing of Ethylene-Propylene elastomers. Rubber Chem Technol 61(2):238-254
25. Dikland HG, Ruardy T, Van der Does L, Bantjes A (1993) New coagents in Peroxide vulcanization of EPM. Rubber Chem Technol 66(5):693-711
26. Peng P, Cheng S, Hu F (1993) The sensitizing effect of acrylates on radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex. Radiat Phys Chem 42(1-3):121-124
27. Jayasuriya MM, Makuuchi K, Yoshi F (2001) Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex using TMPTMA and PEA. Eur Polym J 37(1):93-98
28. Chaudhari CV, Bhardwaj YK, Patil ND, Dubey KA, Virendra Kumar, Sabharwal S (2005) Radiation-induced vulcanisation of natural rubber latex in presence of styrene-butadiene rubber latex. Radiat Phys Chem 72(5):613-618
29. George KM, Claramma NM, Thomas EV (1987) Studies on graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate in natural rubber latex induced by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 30(3):189-192
30. Tuccio A (1994) Is peroxide/coagent curing for you? Rubber World 209(5):34-37
31. Stelescu MD (2010) Characteristics of silicone rubber blends. Leather Footwear J 10(3):51-58
32. Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B, Arroyo A (2003) Preparation and characterization of organoclay nanocomposites based on natural rubber. Polym Int 52(7):1070-1077
33. Arroyo M, Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B (2003) Organo-montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds. Polymer 44(8):2447-2453
34. Chenal JM, Chazeau L, Guy L, Bomal Y, Gauthier C (2007) Molecular weight between physical entanglements in natural rubber: a critical parameter during strain-induced crystallization. Polymer 48(4):1042-1046
35. Yunshu X, Yoshii F, Makuuchi K (1995) Radiation crosslinking of chlorinated poly(Isobutylene-co-Isoprene) with polyfunctional monomers. J Macromol Sci Part A 32(10):1801-1808
36. Boye WM (2008) Utilizing coagents in the electron beam cure of elastomers. In: International Wire & Cable Symposium, Proceedings of the 57th IWCS. pp 335-341
37. Stelescu MD, Manaila E, Zuga N (2011) The use of polyfunctional monomers in the radical cure of chlorinated polyethylene. Polym J 43(9):792-800
38. Stelescu MD, Manaila E, Craciun G, Zuga N (2012) Crosslinking and grafting ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with accelerated electrons in the presence of polyfunctional monomers. Polym Bull 68(1):263-285
39. Ahmed S, Ruimin Z (1999) Development of formulations of polyethylene-based flame retard ant, radiation resistant wires and radiation-compatible polypropylene. IAEA TECDOC-1062, pp 129-139
40. Makuuchi K, Hagiwara M (1984) Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex with polyfunctional monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 29:965-976
41. Majumder PS, Bhowmick AK (1999) Surface-and bulk-properties of EPDM rubber modified by electron beam irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem 53(1):63-78
42. Banik I, Bhowmick AK (1999) Influence of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical properties and crosslinking of fluorocarbon elastomer. Radiat Phys Chem 54(2):135-142
43. Vijayabaskar V, Tikku VK, Bhowmick AK (2006) Electron beam modification and crosslinking: influence of nitrile and carboxyl contents and level of unsaturation on structure and properties of nitrile rubber. Radiat Phys Chem 75:779-792
44. Manshaie R, Khorasani SN, Veshare SJ, Abadchi AR (2011) Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blend. Rad Phys Chem 80(1):100-106
45. Van Duin M (2002) Chemistry of EPDM cross-linking. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 55(4):150-156
46. Quirk RP (1988) Overview of curing and crosslinking of elastomers. Prog Rubber Plast Technol 4(1):31-45
47. Ogunniyi DS (1999) Peroxide vulcanisation of rubber. Prog Rubb Plast Technol 15(2):95-112
48. Van Duin M, Dees M, Dikland H (2008) Advantages of EPDM rubber products with a third monomer Part I - improved peroxide curing efficiency in window gasket applications. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 49:233-243
49. Ratman CT, Nasir M, Baharin A, Zaman K (2000) Electron beam irradiation of epoxidized natural rubber. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 171(4):455-464
50. Sharif J, Aziz SHSA, Hashim K (2000) Radiation effects on LDPE/EVA blends. Radiat Phys Chem 58(2):191-195
51. Chowdhury R, Banerji MS (2005) Electron beam irradiation of ethylene-propylene terpolymer: evaluation of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a crosslink promoter. J Appl Polym Sci 97(3):968-975
52. Dikland HG, Van der Does L, Bantjes A (1993) FT-IR spectroscopy, a major tool for the analysis of peroxide vulcanization processes in the presence of coagents. i. mechanism of EPM peroxide vulcanization with aromatic bis(Allyl)esters as coagents. Rubber Chem Technol 66(2):196-212
53. Murgic ZH, Jelenic J, Murgic L (1998) The mechanism of triallylcyanurate as a coagent in EPDM peroxide vulcanization. Polym Eng Sci 38(4):689-692
54. Tikku VK, Biswas G, Despande RS, Majali AB, Chaki TK, Bhowmich AK (1995) Electron beam initiated grafting of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate onto polyethylene - structure and properties. Rad Phys Chem 45(5):829-833
55. Scherzer T, Decker U (1999) Kinetic investigations on the UV-induced photo polymerization of a diacrylate by time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy: the influence of photo initiator concentration, light intensity and temperature. Radiat Phys Chem 55(5-6):615-619
56. Joo HS, Park YJ, Do HS, Kim H-J, Song SY, Choi KY (2007) The curing performance of UV-curable semi-interpenetrating polymer network structured acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Adhesion Sci Technol 21(7):575-588
57. Ratnam CT, Nasir M, Baharin A, Zaman K (2001) Evidence of irradiation-induced crosslinking in miscible blends of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber in presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 81(8):1914-1925
58. Park YJ, Lim DH, Kim HJ, Joo HS, Do HS (2008) Curing behavior and adhesion performance of UV-curable styrene-isoprene-styrene-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Adhesion Sci Technol 22(13):1401-1423
59. Watcharakul N, Poompradub S, Prasassarakich P (2011) In situ silica reinforcement of methyl methacrylate grafted natural rubber by sol-gel process. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 58:407-418
60. Shmakova NA, Feldman VI, Sukhov FF (2001) IR spectroscopic study of chemical transformations upon irradiation of the poly(vinyl chloride)-triallyl cyanurate system. High Energy Chem 35(4):224-228
61. Ali AMM, Subban RHY, Bahron H, Winie T, Latif F, Yahya MZA (2008) Grafted natural rubber-based polymer electrolytes: aTR-FTIR and conductivity studies. Ionics 14(6):491-500
62. Eng AH, Tanaka Y, Gan SN (1992) FTIR studies on amino groups in purified Hevea rubber. J Nat Rubber Res 7:152-155
63. Chaikumpollert O, Yamamoto Y, Suchiva K, Kawahara S (2012) Protein-free natural rubber. Colloid Polym Sci 290:331-338
64. Ono K, Kato A, Murakami K (1985) Unusual stress-strain properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight. Polym Bull 13:29-33
65. Siesler HW (1984) Rheo-optical Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of polymers. Colloid Polym Sci 262:223-229