Use of a versatile high efficiency multiparallel denuder for the sampling of PAHs in ambient air: Gas and particle phase concentrations, particle size distribution and artifact formation

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 499-507

  Delgado Saborit, Juana Maria ^a   Stark, Christopher ^a   Harrison, Roy M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; VAPORS;

AMBIENT AIR; DENUDERS; MICRO-ORIFICE UNIFORM DEPOSIT IMPACTOR; MULTIPARALLEL; PARTICLE PHASE CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH); SAMPLING ARTIFACTS;

SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

ANTHRACENE; BENZO[E]PYRENE; CHRYSENE; CORONENE; PERYLENE; PHENANTHRENE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; AIR POLLUTANT; GAS; PARTICULATE MATTER; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR; ARTIFACT; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DESIGN; PAH; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

AEROSOL; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; GAS ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT; MULTIPARALLEL PLATE DENUDER; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; VAPOR; VOLATILIZATION; AIR POLLUTANT; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GAS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; PROCEDURES; REPRODUCIBILITY;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ARTIFACTS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GASES; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SPECIMEN HANDLING; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84891756981     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es402937d     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ahrens, L.; Shoeib, M.; Harner, T.; Lane, D. A.; Guo, R.; Reiner, E. J. Comparison of annular diffusion denuder and high volume air samplers for measuring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 9622-9628
2. Rowe, M. D.; Perlinger, J. A. Prediction of gas collection efficiency and particle collection artifact for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds in multicapillary denuders J. Chromatogr., A 2010, 1217, 256-263
3. Krieger, M. S.; Hites, R. A. Measurement of polychlorinated-biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in air with a diffusion denuder Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 1129-1133
4. Papapostolou, V.; Lawrence, J. E.; Ferguson, S. T.; Wolfson, J. M.; Koutrakis, P. Development and evaluation of a countercurrent parallel-plate membrane diffusion denuder for the removal of gas-phase compounds from vehicular emissions Inhalation Toxicol. 2011, 23, 853-862
5. Ferm, M. Method for determination of atmospheric ammonia Atmos. Environ. 1979, 13, 1385-1393
6. Koutrakis, P.; Sioutas, C.; Ferguson, S. T.; Wolfson, J. M.; Mulik, J. D.; Burton, R. M. Development and evaluation of a glass honeycomb denuder filter pack system to collect atmospheric gases and particles Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 2497-2501
7. Mikuska, P.; Vecera, Z.; Bartosikova, A.; Maenhaut, W. Annular diffusion denuder for simultaneous removal of gaseous organic compounds and air oxidants during sampling of carbonaceous aerosols Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 714, 68-75
8. Tsapakis, M.; Stephanou, E. G. Collection of gas and particle semi-volatile organic compounds: Use of an oxidant denuder to minimize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation during high-volume air sampling Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 4935-4944
9. Gundel, L. A.; Lee, V. C.; Mahanama, K. R. R.; Stevens, R. K.; Daisey, J. M. Direct determination of the phase distributions of semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using annular denuders Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 1719
10. Eiguren-Fernandez, A.; Miguel, A. H.; Jaques, P. A.; Sioutas, C. Evaluation of a denuder-MOUDI-PUF sampling system to measure the size distribution of semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 201-209
11. Possanzini, M.; Di Palo, V.; Cecinato, A.; Gigliucci, P. F.; Sciano, M. C. T.; Mabilia, R. Use of annular denuders for monitoring gaseous atmospheric PAH in Rome Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2004, 13, 1334-1338
12. Temime-Roussel, B.; Monod, A.; Massiani, C.; Wortham, H. Evaluation of an annular denuder tubes for atmospheric PAH partitioning studies-1: Evaluation of the trapping efficiency of gaseous PAHS Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 1913
13. Feng, Y.-L.; Mu, C.-C.; Fu, Z.-R.; Chen, Y.-J. Determination of airborne dicarbonyls by annular denuder/filter pack system coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and high performance liquid chromatography Chin. J. Anal. Chem. 2011, 39, 1653-1658
14. Temime, B.; Healy, R. M.; Wenger, J. C. A denuder-filter sampling technique for the detection of gas and particle phase carbonyl compounds Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 6514-6520
15. Rowe, M. D.; Perlinger, J. A. Performance of a high flow rate, thermally extractable multicapillary denuder for atmospheric semivolatile organic compound concentration measurement Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 2098-2104
16. Eatough, D. J.; Wadsworth, A.; Eatough, D. A.; Crawford, J. W.; Hansen, L. D.; Lewis, E. A. A multiple system, multichannel diffusion denuder sampler for the determination of fine particulate organic material in the atmosphere Atmos. Environ., Part A 1993, 27, 1213-1219
17. Keck, L.; Wittmaack, K. A denuder for the collection and removal of inorganic trace gases. 07/02/2007, 2007.
18. Ruiz, P. A.; Lawrence, J. E.; Ferguson, S. T.; Wolfson, J. M.; Koutrakis, P. A counter-current parallel-plate membrane denuder for the non-specific removal of trace gases Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 5058-5063
19. Cui, W. X.; Eatough, D. J.; Eatough, N. L. Fine particulate organic material in the Los Angeles basin-I: Assessment of the high-volume Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System, BIG BOSS J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1998, 48, 1024-1037
20. Crebelli, R.; Tomei, F.; Zijno, A.; Ghittori, S.; Imbriani, M.; Gamberale, D.; Martini, A.; Carere, A. Exposure to benzene in urban workers: Environmental and biological monitoring of traffic police in Rome J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001, 58, 165-171
21. Albinet, A.; Leoz-Garziandia, E.; Budzinski, H.; Villenave, E. Sampling precautions for the measurement of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 4988-4994
22. McMurry, P. H. A review of atmospheric aerosol measurements Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 1959-1999
23. De Santis, F. Comment on wet effuent denuder coupled liquid/iob chromatography systems: Annular and parallel plate denuders Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3503-3504
24. Hinds, W. C. Aerosol Technology. Properties, Behaviour and Measurement of Airborne Particles; Willey: New York, 1999.
25. Bunce, N. J.; Liu, L.; Zhu, J.; Lane, D. A. Reaction of naphthalene and its derivatives with hydroxyl radicals in the gas phase Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2252-2259
26. Lee, J. J.; Huang, K. L.; Yu, Y. C. Y.; Chen, M. S. S. Laboratory retention of vapor-phase PAHs using XAD adsorbents Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 6185-6193
27. Pflieger, M.; Goriaux, M.; Temime-Roussel, B.; Gligorovski, S.; Monod, A.; Wortham, H. Validation of an experimental setup to study atmospheric heterogeneous ozonolysis of semi-volatile organic compounds Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 2215-2225
28. Temime-Roussel, B.; Monod, A.; Massiani, C.; Wortham, H. Evaluation of an annular denuder for atmospheric PAH partitioning studies-2: Evaluation of mass and number particle losses Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 1925-1932
29. Delgado-Saborit, J. M.; Stark, C.; Harrison, R. M. Carcinogenic potential, levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in indoor and outdoor environments and their implications for air quality standards Environ. Int. 2011, 37, 383-392
30. Fick, J.; Pommer, L.; Andersson, B.; Nilsson, C. Ozone removal in the sampling of parts per billion levels of terpenoid compounds: An evaluation of different scrubber materials Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1458-1462
31. Delgado-Saborit, J. M.; Aquilina, N.; Baker, S.; Harrad, S.; Meddings, C.; Harrison, R. M. Determination of atmospheric particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from low volume air samples Anal. Methods 2010, 2, 231-242
32. Delgado-Saborit, J. M.; Alam, M. S.; Godri Pollitt, K. J.; Stark, C. P.; Harrison, R. M. Analysis of atmospheric concentrations of quinones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vapour and particulate phases. Atmos. Environ. 2013.
33. Delgado-Saborit, J. M.; Aquilina, N.; Meddings, C.; Baker, S.; Harrison, R. M. Measurement of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds and particle associated PAH in three UK regions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 4582-4588
34. Ras, M. R.; Marce, R. M.; Cuadras, A.; Mari, M.; Nadal, M.; Borrull, F. Atmospheric levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas and particulate phases from Tarragona Region (NE Spain) Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2009, 89, 543-556
35. Tsapakis, M.; Stephanou, E. G. Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: Study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution Environ. Pollut. 2005, 133, 147-156
36. Harrison, R. M.; Smith, D. J. T.; Luhana, L. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from am urban location in Birmingham, UK Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 825-832
37. Ravindra, K.; Bencs, L.; Wauters, E.; de Hoog, J.; Deutsch, F.; Roekens, E.; Bleux, N.; Berghmans, P.; Van Grieken, R. Seasonal and site-specific variation in vapour and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 771-785
38. Zhu, L. Z.; Takahashi, Y.; Amagai, T.; Matsushita, H. Highly sensitive automatic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air Talanta 1997, 45, 113-118
39. Chang, K. F.; Fang, G. C.; Chen, J. C.; Wu, Y. S. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Asia: A review from 1999 to 2004 Environ. Pollut. 2006, 142, 388-396
40. Harrison, R. M.; Delgado-Saborit, J. M.; Baker, S. J.; Aquilina, N.; Meddings, C.; Harrad, S.; Matthews, I.; Vardoulakis, S.; Anderson, R. Measurement and Modeling of Exposure to Selected Air Toxics for Health Effects Studies and Verification by Biomarkers, HEI Research Report 143; Health Effects Institute: Boston, 2009.
41. Ohura, T.; Amagai, T.; Fusaya, M.; Matsushita, H. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor environments and factors affecting their concentrations Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 77-83
42. Chao, C. Y. H.; Yeung, L. L.; Choi, P. S. H. Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons in air particulate samples in homes Indoor Built Environ. 2002, 11, 123-133
43. Gevao, B.; Al-Bahloul, M.; Zafar, J.; Al-Matrouk, K.; Helaleh, M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air and dust in Kuwait: Implications for sources and nondietary human exposure Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2007, 53, 503-512
44. Fromme, H.; Lahrz, T.; Piloty, A.; Gebhardt, H.; Oddoy, A.; Ruden, H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inside and outside of apartments in an urban area Sci. Tot. Environ. 2004, 326, 143-149
45. Gustafson, P.; Ostman, C.; Sallsten, G. Indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in homes with or without wood burning for heating Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 5074-5080
46. Lim, L. H. Concentrations, Phase Distribution and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Urban Air; University of Birmingham: Birmingham, 1999.
47. Marchand, N.; Besombes, J. L.; Chevron, N.; Masclet, P.; Aymoz, G.; Jaffrezo, J. L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheres of two French alpine valleys: Sources and temporal patterns Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2004, 4, 1167-1181
48. NAPS. Annual Data Summary for 2004. National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network, Report 7/AP/38 Revised; Environmental Science and Technology Centre Environment Canada March 2006, Update March 2007, 2006.
49. Eiguren-Fernandez, A.; Miguel, A. H.; Di Stefano, E.; Schmitz, D. A.; Cho, A. K.; Thurairatnam, S.; Avol, E. L.; Froines, J. R. Atmospheric distribution of gas- and particle-phase quinones in Southern California Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 854-861
50. Venkataraman, C.; Friedlander, S. K. Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons and elemental carbon 0.2. Ambient measurements and effects of atmospheric processes Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 563-572
51. Allan, M. A. Manual for the GAW Precipitation Chemistry Programme: Guidelines, Data Quality Objectives and Standard Operating Procedures; World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch: Geneva, 2004.
52. Kavouras, I. G.; Lawrence, J.; Koutrakis, P.; Stephanou, E. G.; Oyola, P. Measurement of particulate aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Santiago de Chile: Source reconciliation and evaluation of sampling artifacts Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 4977-4986
53. Goriaux, M.; Jourdain, B.; Temime, B.; Besombes, J. L.; Marchand, N.; Albinet, A.; Leoz-Garziandia, E.; Wortham, H. Field comparison of particulate PAH measurements using a low-flow denuder device and conventional sampling systems Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 6398-6404
54. Hart, K. M.; Pankow, J. F. High-volume air sampler for particle and gas sampling 0.2. Use of backup filters to correct for the adsorption of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons to the front filter Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 655-661
55. Mader, B. T.; Pankow, J. F. Gas/solid partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) to air filters. 3. An analysis of gas adsorption artifacts in measurements of atmospheric SOCs and organic carbon (OC) when using Teflon membrane filters and quartz fiber filters Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 3422-3432
56. Zhang, X. Q.; McMurry, P. H. Theoretical analysis of evaporative losses from impactor and filter deposits Atmos. Environ. 1987, 21, 1779-1789
57. Zhang, X. Q.; McMurry, P. H. Theoretical analysis of evaporative losses of adsorbed or absorbed species during atmospheric aerosol sampling Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 456-459
58. Pankow, J. F. Review and compartive analysis of the theories on partitioning between the gas an aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere Atmos. Environ. 1987, 21, 2275-2283
59. Coutant, R. W.; Brown, L.; Chuang, J. C.; Riggin, R. M.; Lewis, R. G. Phase distribution and artifact formation in ambient air sampling for polynuclear aromatic-hydrocarbons Atmos. Environ. 1988, 22, 403-409
60. Pankow, J. F.; Storey, J. M. E.; Yamasaki, H. Effects of relacite humidity on gas particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds to urban particulate matter Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 2220-2226
61. Kamens, R. M.; Coe, D. L. A large gas-phase stripping device to investigate rates of PAH evaporation from airborne diesel soot particles Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 1830-1833