Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)

Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Koch, Hermann ^a  

^a SIEMENS AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891570469     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781119953081     Document Type: Book

References (231)

1. George G., Interconnecting the globe, Transmission and Distribution World, 01/2000.
2. Li F., Haubrich H.-J., Bewertung von Netzausbaumaßnahmen zur Engpassbeseitigung im UTCE-Verbundnetz, Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, 56. Jg., 2006.
3. Giebel G., Nielson H., Hurley B., Bigger transmission distance v lower load factors: the European dilemma, Modern Power System, 10/2005.
4. Rajgor G., Big Hike upwards for five year forecast, Windpower Monthly, 05/2008.
5. Koch H., Underground cables and gas insulated transmission lines, Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Webster), 2006.
6. Koch H., Gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitungen (GIL) für hohe Ü bertragungsleistungen, ETG-Tagung, Zürich, Schweiz, 05/2000.
7. Koch H.,Kumar A., Christl N., Lei X., Povh D., Retzmann D., Advanced Technologies for Power Transmission and Distribution - Benefits and Impact of Innovations, Siemens Brochure, 2010.
8. Klein J., Hochspannung im Rohr - Neue Ü bertragungsleitungen revolutionieren die Stromversorgung, DMTInnovativ spezial, 09/2001.
9. Koch H., Gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), in J. McDonald (ed.), Power Substations Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2003.
10. Koch H., Pöhler S., Schmidt S., Anwendungsvorteile von gasisolierten Ü bertragungsleitungen (GIL) für unterirdischen Energietransport in Ballungszentren, etz 1-2/2002.
11. Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directive (FFH-RL: 92/43/EWG). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/ind ex_en.htm
12. Zimmer C., Eckenroth L., Feldmann J., Jones W., Elms N., Riechmann C., Schlecht D., Cremer D., Haubrich H.-J., Weiterentwicklung des grenzüberschreitenden Engpassmanagements im europäischen Stromnetz, Energiewirtschaftl. Tagesfragen, 54. Jg., Heft 12, 2004.
13. Pöhler S.,Koch H., Anwendungsmöglichkeiten derGIL im europäischenVerbundnetz, ETG von Electrosuisse, Fribourg, Schweiz, 01/2004.
14. Koch H., Auswirkungen der gasisolierten Leitungen (GIL) auf das Energienetz, ETG-Kongress 2003, Hamburg.
15. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahora_Bassa August 2011.
16. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaip%C3%BA August 2011.
17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_DC_Intertie August 2011.
18. Liu Q., Lu Q., Rehtanz C., Vereinigte Netze, ABB Technik, 02/2005.
19. http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/PTD/products/references/utility/Pag es/Gui-Guang.aspx
20. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/artikel0605.pdf
21. Povh D., Pyc I., Retzmann D., Weinhold, Future Developments in Power Industry, The 4th IERE General Meeting and IERE Central and Eastern Europe Forum, Krakow, Poland, 10/2004.
22. Povh D., Retzmann D., Rittiger J., Benefits of Simulation for Operation of Large Power Systems and System Interconnections, IERE General Meeting, San José, Costa Rica, 11/2003.
23. Koch H., Innovative Trends in the High Voltage Field, IEEE PES Substations Committee Meeting, Bellevue, WA, 04/2007.
24. Lange B., Hahn B., Offshore-Testfeld Borkum, Nachhaltig Wirtschaften, 01/2007.
25. Koch H., To solve bottle-necks in the European Transmission Net, IASTED, Benalḿadena, Spain, 06/2005.
26. Koch H., AC Bulk Power Systems in Metropolitan Areas Application, IEEE/PES T&D Asia Pacific, Dalian, China, 08/2005.
27. Koch H., Schoeffner, G., Gas-Insulated Transmission Line - To Solve Transmission Tasks of the Future, IPEC Conference, Singapore, 05/2003.
28. Koch H., Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL), Chapter 18 of Electric Power Substations Engineering, 05/2003.
29. Jahnke B., Hanse S., Energy transmission in Ballungsräumen mit Hoechstspannungskabeln bis 400 kV, Elektrizitätswirtschaft, 12/1992.
30. Pedersen W., Doepke K., Brolin R., Development of a compressed gas-insulated transmission line, IEEE Power, 1970.
31. Abilgaard E., Zur Verlegung SF6-isolierter Hochspannungsrohrkabel, Sonderdruck aus ENERGIE und TECHNIK, 1972.
32. Koch H., Magnetic Fields of Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines - Calculations and Measurements, ISH Conference 2003, Delft.
33. Koch H., Hillers T., Gasisolierte Hochspannungsleitungen erschließen neue Wege der Energieübertragung, ETZ, Heft 11, 1997.
34. Chakir A., Koch H., Gas Insulated Transmission Lines for High Power Transmission over Long Distances, UPDEA, Senegal, 04/99.
35. Bär G., Dürschner R., Koch H., 25 Jahre Betriebserfahrung mit GIL - heutige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, etz, Heft 1-2/2002.
36. Hillers T., Koch H., Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL): A solution for the power supply of metropolitan areas, CEPSI, Thailand, 07/1998.
37. Koch H., Erste qualifizierte gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitung für Mischgas, ev-report, 03/1999.
38. Henningsen C.G., Kaul G., Koch H., Schütte A., Plath R., Electrical and Mechanical Long-Time Behaviour of Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines, CIGRE Session 2000, Paris.
39. Pedersen W., Doepken K., Brolin R, Development of Compressed Gas-Insulated Transmission Line, 03/1995.
40. Thuries E., Girodet A., Roussel B., Guillen, Underground Gas-Insulated Transmission Line, Villeurbanne, AEEE Journal Vol. 7 08/1996.
41. Thuries E., Voisin G., 420-550 kV Gas Insulated Transmission Lines, Gec Alsthom Technical Review, 1994.
42. Schoeffner G., Neumann T., Application of Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) and Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) for Power Plants.
43. Koch H., Schoeffner G., Gas-Insulated Transmission Line - To Solve Transmission Tasks of the Future, IPEC Conference 2003, Singapore.
44. Koch H., SiemensActivities on theDevelopment and Application ofGIL,CIGRE SC23, ColloquiumVenezuela 10/2001.
45. Koch H., Gas-Insulated Line (GIL) of the 2nd Generation, IEEE Conference AC/DC Power Transmission, 2001.
46. Koch H., Gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitungen der 2ten Generation für dasHochspannungsnetz, e&i, Ö sterreich, Heft 1, Jg. 119, 01/2002.
47. Koch H., Development, long duration testing and first application of Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL), IEEE ICC Fall Meeting, 10/2000.
48. Siemens verwirklicht in Genf weltweit erste Hochspannungsverbindung mit gasisolierter Ü bertragungsleitung der zweiten Generation, Pressereferat EV, Erlangen, Germany, 2001.
49. Alter J., Koch H., Gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitung (GIL) der zweiten Generation, elektrizitätswirtschaft, Jg. 100, Heft 8, 04/2001.
50. Koch H., Pöhler S., Schmidt S., Vorteile der Energieübertragung mit gasisolierten Leitungen (GIL), etz, Heft 6/2002.
51. IEC 62271-4: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Use and handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), to be published 2012, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland.
52. Chakir A., Koch H., Numerische Untersuchung der turbulenten, natürlichen Konvektion in horizontalen, koaxialen Zylindern mit CFD Flotran-Ansys, CAD-FEM Users' Meeting, Bad Neuenahr, 10/1998.
53. IEC 60287 Electric cables - calculation of the current rating, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
54. IEC 62271-204. High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 204: Rigid gas-insulated transmission lines for rated voltage above 52 kV, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.
55. Koch H., Schoeffner G., Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) - An Overview, ELECTRA, 12/2003.
56. Eidinger, A., Aufbau, Einsatz und Erprobung von SF6 Rohrgaskabel, Patent DE 19604485A1 Brown Boveri AG, Baden, Argau, Switzerland, 08/1997.
57. Schichler U., Diessner A., Gorablenkow J., Dielectric on-site testing of GIL, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Nagoya, Japan, June 1-5, 2003.
58. IEC/TR 62271-303 ed1.0 (2008-07). High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 303: Use and handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.
59. Diessner A., Finkel M., Grund A., Kynast E., Dielectric properties of N2/SF6 mixtures for use in GIS or GIL, High Voltage Engineering Symposium, August 22-27, Conference Publication No. 467, © IEE, 1999.
60. Koch H., Preferential Subject D1 PS2 Q6: Is there any experience from the application in the field of N2/SF6 mixtures and especially in high voltage Gas-Insulated Lines?, CIGRE Session 2004, Paris, 08/2004.
61. Alter J., Ammann M., Boeck W., Degen W., Diessner A., Koch H., Renaud F., Pöhler S., N2/SF6 gas-insulated line of a new GIL generation in service, CIGRE Session, Paris, 08/2002.
62. van Brunt C., SF6/N2 mixtures basic and HV insulation properties, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 10/1995.
63. van Brunt C., SF6 Insulation; possible greenhouse problems and solutions, Electricity Division, DEIS, 1996.
64. van Brunt C., Olthoff J.K., Green, Gases for Electrical Insulation and Arc Interruption: Possible Present and Future Alternatives to Pure SF6, National Instutute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, USA, 11/1997.
65. Marsden S., Hopkins M., Eck C.R., Lightning impulse withstand performance of a practical GIC with 5 and 10 percent SF6/N2 mixtures, IEEE, Electrical Insulation, Conference Record, 06/1998.
66. Zende C., Pfeiffer W., Schoen D., Corona stabilisation and prebreakdown development in SF6 inhomogeneous fields stressed with very fast transient voltages, 10th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 1997.
67. Hairour M., Bessede J.-L., Girodet A., Toureille A., Agnel S., Meijer S., Dielectric withstand of N2, CO2 in GIS, CEPSI, India, 2006.
68. Hoshina Y., Sato M., Murase H., Toyoda M., Kobayashi A., Dielectric properties of SF6/N2 gas mixtures on a full scale model of the gas-insulated busbar, IEEE, PES, Winter Power Meeting, New York, 2000.
69. Hoshina Y., Sato M., Murase H., Aoyagi K., Hanai M., Kaneko E., The surface flashover characteristics of spacer for GIS in SF6 gas and mixtures, Gaseous Dielectrics Vol. VIII, Plenum Press, New York, 1998.
70. Boeck W., Taschner W., Luxa G., Menten L., Insulating behaviour of SF6 without solid insulation in case of fast transients, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 1986.
71. Braun J.-M., Addis G., Diederich A., Girodet A., Long-term reliability of cast epoxy insulators in gas insulated equipment, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 1990.
72. Dießner A., Luxa G., Neyer W., Elektrische Langzeitversuche an Epoxidharz- Isolatoren in SF6-isolierten metallgekapselten Schaltanlagen, Siemens-Zeitschrift, 1986.
73. Knobloch H., The comparison of arc-extinguishing capability of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) with alternative gases in high-voltage circuit-breakers, Gaseous Dielectrics VIII, International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics, Virginia Beach, VA, June 2-5, 1998.
74. Koch H., Experience with 2nd generation gas-insulated transmission line GIL, JICABLE Conference, Versailles, France, 06/2003.
75. Dießner A., Prinzipien und Prüfkonzeption für gasisolierte Ü bertragungssysteme (GIL), Highvolt Kolloquium, Cottbus, Germany, 05/1999.
76. Koch H., Schuette A., Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), type tests and prequalification, JICABLE, Versailles, France, 06/1999.
77. Kynast E., Koch H., Hochspannungstechnische Gesichtspunkte zur Entwicklung, Prüfung und zum Betrieb von gasisolierten Ü bertragungssystemen, Micafil Symposium, Stuttgart, Germany, 09/1999.
78. Chakir A., Koch H., Transient thermal behavior of buried Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) at variable loads, ASME Journals, Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition, New York, USA, 11/2001.
79. Hillers T., Koch H., Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL): The solution for high power transmission underground, IEEE, PES Power Delivery Conference, Madrid, Spain, 08/1999.
80. Chakravorti S., Steinbigler H., Capacitive-resistive field calculation on HV bushings using the boundaryelement method, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 04/1998.
81. Koch H., Long lengths high power gas-insulated high-voltage transmission line, CIGRE Symposium, Shanghai, China, 2003.
82. IEC 62271-1 ed1.0 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: Common specifications, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007-10.
83. EN 50052 Cast aluminium alloy enclosures for gas-filled high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 1986.
84. EN 50064 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy enclosures for gas-filled high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 1989.
85. EN 50068 Wrought steel enclosures for gas-filled high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland 1991.
86. EN 50069 Welded composite enclosures of cast and wrought aluminium alloys for gas-filled high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland 1991.
87. EN 50089 Cast resin partitions for metal enclosed gas-filled high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland 1992.
88. EN 50187 Gas-filled compartments for a.c. switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland 1996.
89. Babusci B., Colombo E., Speziali, Assessment of the behaviour of gas-insulated electrical components in the presence of an internal arc, ENEL Research, CIGRE Session, Paris, France, 1998.
90. Chakir A., Koch H., Thermal calculation for buried Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) and XLPE-cable, IEEE Winter Power Meeting, Columbus, OH, 01/2001.
91. Völcker O., Koch H., Insulation co-ordination for gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL), IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, PE-102 PRD, 07/2000.
92. Holmberg H.-E., Gubanski S.-M., Motion of metallic particles in gas insulated systems, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 08/1998.
93. Chakir A., Koch H., FE-Berechnung der mechanischen Beanspruchungen von erdverlegten, gasisolierten Ü bertragungsleitungen (GIL), CAD-FEM Users' Meeting, Sonthofen, Germany, 10/1999.
94. Morcos M.-M., Manhatten K.-S., Srivastava K.-D., On electrostatic trapping of particle contamination in GIL systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 10/1992.
95. Dale S.-J., Particle trap with dielectric barrier for use in gas insulated transmission lines,Westinghouse Electric Corp., US Patent 4335268, 06/1982.
96. Chakir A., Koch H., Turbulent natural convection and thermal behaviour of cylindrical Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), IEEE PES Summer Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 07/2001.
97. Metwally I.A., Thermal and magnetic analyses of gas-insulated lines, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, THESCI-D-0800364, 2008.
98. Chakir A., Koch H., Numerical solution for a turbulent natural convection in cylindrical horizontal annuli, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000.
99. Chakir A., Koch H., Seismic calculations of directly buried gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL), IEEE/PES T&D Conference, Asia Pacific, Yokohama, Japan, 10/2002.
100. Koch H., GIL as a modern technology to transmit electrical power, International Power Engineering Conference, Singapure, 05/2001.
101. Poehler S., Gasisolierte Leitungen - bewährte Technik für umweltfreundliche Unterflurverlegung von Freileitungend in sensibler Landschaft, Pressekonferenz Innsbruck, Austria, 06/2001.
102. Kaul G., Waller R., Die gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitung in der Entwicklung, Elektrizitätswirtschaft, Jg. 99, Heft 11, 06/2000.
103. Hennigsen, C.-G., Polser, K., Obst, D.; Berlin Creates 380 kV Connection with Europe, Transmission and Distribution World Journal, July 1998.
104. Engelhard G., Hillers T., Anwendung des Orbital-Reibrührschweißen von Aluminiumrohren, Schweißtechnische Tagung, Kassel, Germany, 09/2002.
105. Engelhard G., Hillers T., Orbital-Reibrührschweißen von Aluminiumrohren, Schweißtechnische Tagung, Kassel, Germany, 09/2002.
106. Chakir A., Koch H., Corrosion protection for gas-insulated transmission lines, IEEE PEC Summer Meeting, Chicago, USA, 07/2002.
107. Koch H., Gas-insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) for high power transmission, FIILE 2001 Conference, Paris, 03/2001.
108. Schöffner G., Becks M., Ollständiger Korrosionsschutz für gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitungen, etz Heft 6/2003.
109. Peez G., Jakobs V., Wechselstromkorrosion an erdverlegten, kathodisch geschützten Rohrleitungen, 3R International, 36. Jahrgang, Heft 7/1997, Seite 325-330, 1997.
110. Buchholz B., Koch H., Power delivery of the future, Middle East Electricity, Dubai, Arabic Emirates, 11/2002.
111. Koch H., Kunze D., Monitoring system of gas insulated transmission lines (GIL), CEPSI 2006, Mumbai, India, 11/2006.
112. Bell D., Charlson L., Holliday R., Irwin T., Lopez-Roldan J., Nixon L., High Voltage On-Site Commissioning Tests for Gas Insulated Substations Using UHF Partial Discharge Detection, IEEE, PES, Power Engineering Review, 2002.
113. Koch H., Future aspects of gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) applications, CIGRE Colloquium, Zürich, Switzerland, 08/1999.
114. Miyazaki A., Takinami N., Kobayashi S., et al., Result of partial discharge measurements in a long-distance 275 kV GIL, Power Engineering Review, IEEE, PES, 2002.
115. Luxa G.-F, Diessner A., Mosca W., Pingini A., High Voltage Testing of SF6 Insulated Substations of Site, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 08/1986.
116. IEC 60060-1 High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
117. IEC 60270 High-voltage test techniques - partial discharge measurements, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.
118. Feasibility study of a North Sea network using the GIL technology to connect European off-shore wind energy projects and for the trade of electricity "GIL - TEN for Wind & Trade", 2005-E 197/05-TREN/05/TEN-E S07.63573, European Union, Commission of European Transmission Networks Electricity, Brussels, Belgium, 2005.
119. Tenne T: Netzanschlussregeln Hoch- und Höchstspannung. Stand: 5. Oktober 2010. http://www.tennettso.de/pages/tennettso_de/Transparenz/Veroeffentlichung en/Netzanschluss/Netzanschlussregeln/tennet-NAR2010deu.pdf
120. Tenne T: Netzanschlussregeln Hoch- und Höchstspannung. Stand: 5. Oktober 2010. http://www.tennettso.de/pages/tennettso_de/Transparenz/Veroeffentlichung en/Netzanschluss/Netzanschlussregeln/tennet-NAR_OS_2010deu.pdf
121. PSS® E: http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/services/power-transmission-distribu tion/power-technologies-international/software-solutions/pss-e.htm
122. PSS® SINCAL: http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/services/power-transmission-distribu tion/power-technologies-international/software-solutions/pss-sincal.htm
123. NETOMAC: http://www.energy.siemens.com/us/en/services/power-transmission-distribu tion/power-technologies-international/software-solutions/pss-netomac.htm
124. Oswald B., Vergleichende Studie zu Stromübertragungstechniken imHöchstspannungsnetz, Forwind-Zentrum für Windenergieforschung, Hannover & Oldenburg, Germany, September 2005.
125. Blaum H., Kirchesch P.,Kox A., Osterholt A., Zuverlaessigkeit von 400 kV gasisolierten Leitungen (Reliability of 400 kV Gas-Insulated transmission Systems), Elektrotechnik und Automation, Germany, 1996.
126. Blaum H., Kirchesch P., Kox A., Osterholt A., Zuverlässigkeit von 400-kV-gasisolierten Leitungen, Energietechnik, Germany, 1996.
127. IEC 62271-203 ed1.0 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003-11.
128. C37.122 IEEE Standard for High Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations Rated Above 52 kV, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2010.
129. P1677 Guide for Application and User Guide for Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2010.
130. CIGRE TB 260. N2/SF6 Mixtures for Gas Insulated Systems, CIGRE, Paris, France, 1996.
131. CIGRE TB 218 Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), CIGRE, Paris, France, 2008.
132. CIGRE TB 351 Application of Long High Capacity Gas Insulated Lines, CIGRE, Paris, France, 2009.
133. London Infrastructure Project St John's Wood - Elstree 400 kV Cable Circuit, ABB, Mannheim, Germany, 02/2002.
134. Gas insulated lines (GIL) - An innovative solution that respects the environment, Druckschrift, ALSTOM, Paris, France, 12/2002.
135. Binder E., Feeberger R., Alter J., Zilavec R., Schaltanlagen und Energieausleitung im PSW Limberg II, ew Jg. 207 (2008), Heft 16.
136. Koch H., Future needs of high power interconnections solved with Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), PowerCon Conference, Kunming, China, 10/2002.
137. Cooksen A., Gas Insulated Cables, IEEE Transactions on Electric Insulation, page 859-890, 10/1985.
138. Graybill H.-W., Underground power transmission with isolated phase gas-insulated conductors, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 01/1970.
139. Garrity T.-F., Matulic R., Rhodes G., Installation and field testing of 138 kV SF6 gas-insulated transmission line, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 09-1975.
140. Annual Report, Technische Universität Dortmund, Institute of Power Systems and Power Economics, 2008.
141. Chakir A., Koch H., Long-term test of buried Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), CIGRE Study Committee SC15-Symposium, Dubai, 05/2001.
142. Chakir A., Koch H., Long-term test of buried Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), IEEE PES Winter Power Meeting, New York, USA, 01/2002.
143. Kert, C., L'Apport de Nouvelles Technologies dans l'Enfouissement des Lignies Électriques Ì Haute et Tres Haute Tension, Office Parlementaire d' Évaluation des Choix Sciebtifiques et Technologiques, 19. December 2001.
144. Furtner, F., Effizientere Energiepolitik und regionale Elektrizitätsversorgung durch die EUElektrizit ätsrichtlinie, Dissertation Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2006.
145. Feldmann D., Aucourt C., Boisseau C., Les cÌbles Ì isolation gazeuse, Liaison CIG, Journal Epure No. 48, Page 13-24, 12/1995.
146. Dießner A., Koch H., Kynast E., Schuette A., Progress in high voltage testing of gas insulated transmission lines, ISH Conference, Montreal, Canada, 06/1997.
147. Koch H., Gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitungen - eine Ü bertragungstechnik für das 21ste Jahrhundert, ETGTagung, München, Germany, 10/1999.
148. IEC 60480 Guidelines for the checking and treatment of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) taken from electrical equipment and specification for its re-use, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
149. IEC/TR 62271-303 ed1.0 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 303: Use and handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008-07.
150. Global Wind 2007 Report, Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), 2008.
151. Koch H., Gasisolierte Ü bertragungsleitungen (GIL) als Alternative zu Kabeln zur Ü bertragung elektrischer Energie in Ballungs- und Naturschutzgebieten, VDE-Kongress, Dresden, Germany, 10/2002.
152. Renaud F., 220 kV Gas-Insulated Transmission Line - Palexpo Geneva Switzerland, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Torionto, Canada,13-17 July 2003.
153. Valov B., Lange B., Rohrig K., Heier S., Bock C., 25 GW Offshore - Windkraftleistung benötigt ein starkes Energieübertragungssystem auf der Nordsee, Universität Kassel, Wind Kraft Journal, Ausgabe 01/2008.
154. Koch H., Environmental reasons for underground systems, CIGRE Session, Paris, France, 08/2002.
155. Koch H., EMV-Planung in der Hochspannungstechnik (EMC planning for high voltage technology), ELEKTRIE, Heft 48, 1994.
156. Benato R., Fellin L, Marzenta D., Paolucci A., Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines: excellent performance and low environmental impact, Proceedings International Symposium and Exhibition on Electric Power Engineer ing at the beginning of the Third Millennium, EPETM, Vol.1 pp. 385-405, Napoli, Italia, 12.-18. May 2000.
157. Benato R., Caldon R., Mari A., Paolucci A.: Analytical formation of the state matrix of a regulated power system accounting for upfc action, Proc. of 35th Universities' Power Engineering Conference - UPEC 2000. Queens University, Belfast Ireland, pp. 5. (ACI), September 2000.
158. VDE 0848. Safety in electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, DIN/VDE, Frankfurt, Germany, 2010.
159. Connor Th., Koch H., General aspects of electromagnetic fields for high voltage systems, ISH Conference, Delft, Netherlands, 08/2003.
160. Koch H., Offshorewind farms connected to the transmission network byGIL,HusumWind Energy Conference Proceedings, Husum, Germany,9-13 September 2008.
161. Sechsundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundes-lmmissionsschutzgesetzes (Verordnung über elektromagnetische Felder - 26. BlmSchV), Bundesministerin für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, 16. Dezember 1996.
162. Verordnung über den Schutz vor nichtionisierender Strahlung (NISV), Bundesministerin für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, 23 December 1999.
163. Tanizawa K., Minaguchi D., Honaga Y., Application of gas insulated transmission line in Japan, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 08/1984.
164. HAYASHI N., SAITOU H., SHIMOHIRO D., KAWAI T.; Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc.; Nagoya, Japan;
165. KAWAI T.; Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc.; Japan;
166. ISHII N.; The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd; Tokyo, Japan;
167. HIRASAWA T.; VISCAS Corporation; Tokyo, Japan;
168. WATANABE M., NAKAGAWA T; J-Power Systems Corp.: Japan Construction of 275 kV underground transmission line composed of continuous 2,500m long cable, Jicable Conference Proceedings, Versaille, France, 2003.
169. Miyazaki, A.; Takinami, N.; Kobayashi, S.; Nishima, H.; Nakura, Y.; Komeda, H.; Nagano, H.; Higashi, H.; Chubu Electric Power Co.; Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.: Long-Distance 275 kV GIL Monitoring System Using Fiberoptic Technology, IEEE, PES, Power Engineering Review, 08/2002.
170. Nojima, Shimizu, Araki, Hata, Yamauchi, Installation of 275 kV 3.3 km gas-insulated transmission line for underground large capacity transmission in Japan, CIGRE Session 1998.
171. Nojima T., Shimizu M., Miyazaki T., Study on an after-laying test for a long distance GIL, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, 07/1988.
172. Ashmore A., Electricity from the pipeline. Strom aus der Pipeline, Verband Schweizerischer Elektrizitaetswerke, 1997.
173. The longest gas insulated line installed in the world, ALSTOM, Brochure, 06/2002.
174. Neumann C., Erste erdverlegte GIL in Deutschland, Gasisolierte Leitung als Alternative zum Kabel, ew, Jg. 108, Heft 16, 2009.
175. Siemens AG, ILF Beratende Ingenieure, ForWind, Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Farms, A Feasibility Study on theApplication of Power Transmission Pipelines (PTP® ), Brochure, Siemens, Energy, Transmission, Erlangen, Germany, 2009.
176. Koch H., GIL - power transmission solution of the future, AEIC Conference 2006, Napa Valley, CA, USA, 09/2006.
177. Koch H., The use of traffic tunnel for electrical power transmission, PowerGrid Europe Proceedings, Madrid, Spain, 06/2007.
178. Koch H., Broader applications of GIL, CIGRE Session, Paris, France, 08/2002.
179. ForWind, das Zentrum für Windenergieforschung der Universitäten Oldenburg. http://www.forwind.de/forwind/index.php
180. Benato R., Carlini E.-M., Di Mario C., Fellin L., Paolucci A., Turri R., Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) in railway galleries, IEEE PES Power Tech Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, 27-30. June 2005.
181. Benato R., Brunello P., Carlini M., Di Mario C., Fellin L.,Knollseisen G., Laußegger M., Muhr M., Paolucci A., Stroppa W.,Wörle H.,Woschitz R., Italy-Austria GIL in the newplanned railway galleries Fortezza-Innsbruck under Brenner Pass, Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik, Vol.: 123, pages: 551-558, 2006.
182. Koch H., Preferential Subject C2 PS2 Q2.5: Difficulties of adding new lines and expanding the transmission system, CIGRE Session, Paris, France, 08/2004.
183. Koch H., Preferential Subject C3 PS2 Q2.8: Trading low-carbon kWh certificates, to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, impact the electric power industry, in general, and the transmission activities, CIGRE Session, Paris, France, 08/2004.
184. Anders, G.-J., Rating of Electric Power Cables: Ampacity Computations for Transmission, Distribution and Industrial Applications, McGraw-Hill, Professional, 1997, 428 Pages.
185. Miller D., London Infrastructure Project, Electra No. 206, 02/2003.
186. Hänisch L., Hecklau D., Schroth R., Errichtung des 380-kV-Hochleistungskabelsystems in Berlin für den Verbundanschluß der Bewag, Elektrizitätswirtschaft, Germany, 07/1995.
187. Henningsen, C.G., 380-kV-Diagonale durch Berlin, Elektrizitätswirtschaft, Heft 12 , Seite. 42-43, 1997.
188. Genios Fachpresse Archive VDI Nachrichten, 380kV Kunststoffkabel soll die Versorgungssicherheit der Bundeshauptstadt erhöhen, Germany, 10. 01.1997.
189. Henningsen C.-G., Polster K., Obst D., Berlin creates 380-kV connection with Europe, Transmission and Distribution World, 07/1998.
190. Henningsen C.-G., Polster K., Obst D., Berlin's interconnection with Europe's power gri, the 380 kV diagonal link: A technical report, 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, Germany, 02/2010.
191. Keussen U., Schneller Ch., Winter W., Ergebnisse und Konsequenzen der "dena-Netzstudie", Energiewirtschaftl. Tagesfragen, 55. Jg., Heft 4, 2005.
192. Koch H., Gas Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) - Application to connect offshore wind parks to the European network, The 8th International Power Engineering Conference, IPEC 2007, Singapore, 12/2007.
193. ForWind, das Zentrum für Windenergieforschung der Universitäten Hannover. http://www.forwind.de/forwind/index.php
194. ILF Beratende Ingenieure, München. http://www.ilf.com/index.php?L=0
195. Siemens Energy Transmission, Erlangen. http://www.energy.siemens.com/entry/energy/hq/en/#428370
196. Trans-European energy networks (TEN-E). http://ec.europa.eu/energy/infrastructure/tent_e/ten_e_en.htm
197. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technology (BMWi). http://www.bmwi.de/
198. Bird Protection Directive (V-RL: 79/409/EWG). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_ en.htm
199. Boeck W., Long-term performance of SF6 insulated systems by Task Force 15.03.07 ofWorking Group 15.03 on behalf of Study Committee 15, CIGRE Electra Publication, 2002.
200. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/artikel0608.pdf, Guizhou-Guangdong II August 2011.
201. The Friends of the Supergrid. http://www.friendsofthesupergrid.eu/ August 2011.
202. The European Wind Energy Assosiation (EWEA), Annual Report 2010, http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=178 June 2011.
203. ISO 14040 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
204. The European Wind Energy Assosiation (EWEA), EU Energy Policy to 2050, Achieving 80-95% emissions reductions, http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=178 March 2011.
205. Koch H., Einsatzreife erreicht, Siemens Report, Erlangen, Germany, 3/1999.
206. Monard D., Diplomarbeit Nr. 1820: Comparative life cycle assessment of transmission systems for offshore wind farms, TU Darmstadt, 05/2008.
207. Koch H., Energy transmission system with advanced technologies, World Energy Transmission Systems (WETS), Workshop Paris, France, 06/2003 http://www.see.asso.fr/jicable/wets03/pdf/wets03-1-7.pdf
208. Thuries E., Pham V.-D., Roussel P., 420 kV three-phase compressed nitrogen insulated cable, Jicable, Versailles, France, 1995.
209. Lequeu T., Le ŕeseau EDF Ì l'épreuve des temp̂etes, REE No. 2, Paris, France, 02/2000 http://www.thierrylequeu.fr/data/REVUE115.HTM
210. GIL - High Power Transmission Technology, Siemens, Brochure, Erlangen, Germany, 2010, http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/power-transmission/gas-insulate d-transmission-lines/GIL_e.pdf.
211. Miyazaki A., Yagi M., Kobayashi S., Min C., Hirotsu K., Nishima H., Development of partial discharge automated locating systme for power cable, IEEE, PES, Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Annual Report, 1998.
212. Okuma A., Yoshida E., Takahashi T., Hoshino T., Hikata M., Miyazaki A., Partial discharge measurement in long distance SF6 gas insulated transmission line (GIL), ISH, 1997.
213. Pittroff M., Separation of SF6/N2 mixtures, 2nd European Conference on Industrial Electrical Equipment and Environment, pp. 61-68, Paris, France, 01/2000.
214. Benato R., DiMario C., Koch H. High capability applications of Long Gas Insulated Lines in Structures, IEEE PES Transactions. on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp.619-626. January 2007.
215. Benato R., Paolucci A., Operating capability of ac EHV mixed lines with overhead and cables links, Electric Power System Research, Vol. 78/4, pp. 584-594, April 2008.
216. Benato R., Napolitano D., Reliability Assessment of EHV Gas Insulated Transmission Lines: effect of redundancies, IEEE Transaction on Power
217. Lundgaard L., Particles in GIS characterization from acoustic signatures, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 12/2001.
218. Hoshino T., Koyama H., Maruyama S., Hanai M., Comparison of Sensitivity Between UHF Method and IEC 60270 for Onsite Calibration in Various GIS, IEEE, PES, Transaction on Power Delivery, October 2006.
219. Metwally I.A., Status review on partial discharge measurement techniques in gas-insulated switchgear/lines, Electric Power Systems Research, 04/2002.
220. Benato R., DiMario C., Lorenzoni A., Lines versus Cables: Consider All Factors, Transmission&Distribution World, Volume 59, Issue 11, (ISSN 1087-0849), pp. 26-32, November 2007.
221. Cookson A.-H., Garrity T.-F., Samm R., Research and development in the United States on three-conductor and UHV rated gas insulated transmission lines for heavy load transmission, Study Committee SC 21-09, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 1978.
222. Luxa G.-F., Boeck W., Hiesinger H., Schlicht D., Kynast E., Wiegart N. Ulrich L., Pigini A. Bargigia A., Recent research activity on the dielectric performance of SF6, with special reference to very fast transients, Study Committee SC 15-06, CIGRE Session Paris, France, 1988.
223. Schoeffner G., Boeck W., Graf R., Diessner A., Attenuation of UHF-signals in GIL, ISH Bangalore, India, 08/2001.
224. Douglas J., Costs coming down for underground, EPRI Journal, 06/1995.
225. IEEE PES Tutorial, Gas-Insulated Substations, Substations Committee K2, http://ewh.ieee.org/cmte/substations/index.htm August 2011.
226. IEC 60071-5 Insulation co-ordination - Part 5: Procedures for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations, 2002-06-18.
227. Cheung K., Cheung S., Navin de Silvia R.G., Juvonen M., Singh R., Woo J.J., Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/m̃atti/ise2grp/energystorage_report/node7.h tml; Imperial College London, ISE2 2002/2003.
228. Cheung C.N., Heil F., Kobayashi S., Kopejtkova D., Molony T., O'Connell P., Skyberg J.P., Taillebois I., Welch, I., Report on the second international survey on high voltage gas insulated Substations (GIS), CIGRE, TB 150, WG 23.02, Paris, 2000-02.
229. United Nations, World Economy Social Survey, Department of Economical and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, ISBN 978-92-1-109163-2 New York, 2011.
230. Neumann C., Gas-Insulated Lines Provide EHV Solution, Transmissio & Distribution World, 2010-02-01.
231. Siemens, Energy News, 2011-08-15 http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/de/stromuebertragung/gasisolierteuebert ragungsleitungen.htm#content=Beschreibung%20.