메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 417-431

Isotope effects for exotic nuclei

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84891433736     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781420028027     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (68)
  • 2
    • 85056402150 scopus 로고
    • ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington
    • Kaye, J. A., Ed., Isotope Effects in Gas-Phase Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 502, American Chemical Society, Washington, 1992.
    • (1992) Isotope Effects in Gas-Phase Chemistry , vol.502
    • Kaye, J.A.1
  • 4
    • 25144525479 scopus 로고
    • How to measure heavy atom isotope effects: General principles
    • Buncel, E. and Saunders, W. H., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Chap. 2
    • Paneth, P., How to measure heavy atom isotope effects: general principles, In Isotopes in Organic Chemistry, Heavy Atom Isotope Effects, Vol. 8, Buncel, E. and Saunders, W. H., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992, Chap. 2.
    • (1992) Isotopes in Organic Chemistry, Heavy Atom Isotope Effects , vol.8
    • Paneth, P.1
  • 5
    • 0000939121 scopus 로고
    • High-precision simultaneous determination of multiple small kinetic isotope effects at natural abundance
    • Singleton, D. A. and Thomas, A. A., High-precision simultaneous determination of multiple small kinetic isotope effects at natural abundance, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 9357-9358, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.117 , pp. 9357-9358
    • Singleton, D.A.1    Thomas, A.A.2
  • 21
    • 1942511618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and application of synthetic precursors labelled with carbon-11 and fluorine-18
    • Welch, M. J. and Redvanly, C. S., Eds., Wiley, New York
    • Ferrieri, R. A., Production and application of synthetic precursors labelled with carbon-11 and fluorine-18, In Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals, Welch, M. J. and Redvanly, C. S., Eds., Wiley, New York, pp. 229-282, 2003.
    • (2003) Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals , pp. 229-282
    • Ferrieri, R.A.1
  • 22
    • 0000894786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working against time: Rapid radiotracer synthesis and imaging the human brain
    • Fowler, J. S. and Wolf, A. P., Working against time: rapid radiotracer synthesis and imaging the human brain, Acc. Chem. Res., 30, 181-188, 1997.
    • (1997) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 181-188
    • Fowler, J.S.1    Wolf, A.P.2
  • 23
    • 0011165979 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-11: Where familiar chemistry still holds new challenges
    • Feliu, A. L., Carbon-11: where familiar chemistry still holds new challenges, J. Chem. Educ., 67, 364-367, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.67 , pp. 364-367
    • Feliu, A.L.1
  • 25
    • 4043075234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals
    • Welch, M. J. and Redvanly, C. S., Eds., Wiley, New York
    • Snyder, S. E. and Kilbourn, M. R., Chemistry of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, In Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals, Welch, M. J. and Redvanly, C. S., Eds., Wiley, New York, pp. 195-228, 2003.
    • (2003) Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals , pp. 195-228
    • Snyder, S.E.1    Kilbourn, M.R.2
  • 28
    • 0001901652 scopus 로고
    • The determination of optimal yields and reaction times in syntheses with short-lived radionuclides of high specific activity
    • Långström, B. and Bergson, G., The determination of optimal yields and reaction times in syntheses with short-lived radionuclides of high specific activity, Radiochem Radioanal Lett., 43, 47-54, 1980.
    • (1980) Radiochem Radioanal Lett. , vol.43 , pp. 47-54
    • Långström, B.1    Bergson, G.2
  • 30
    • 0002706047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solvent dependent leaving group fluorine kinetic isotope effect in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction
    • Persson, J., Axelsson, S., and Matsson, O., Solvent dependent leaving group fluorine kinetic isotope effect in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 20-23, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 20-23
    • Persson, J.1    Axelsson, S.2    Matsson, O.3
  • 32
    • 0037039892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of base promoted HF elimination from 4-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-butan-2-one is E1cB. Evidence from double isotopic fractionation experiments
    • Ryberg, P. and Matsson, O., The mechanism of base promoted HF elimination from 4-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-butan-2-one is E1cB. Evidence from double isotopic fractionation experiments, J. Org. Chem., 67, 811-814, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Org. Chem. , vol.67 , pp. 811-814
    • Ryberg, P.1    Matsson, O.2
  • 36
    • 37049086082 scopus 로고
    • Solvent effects on aromatic nucleophilic substitutions. Part 5. Kinetics of the reactions of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with piperidine in aprotic solvents
    • Nudelman, N. S., Mancini, P. M. E., Martinez, R. D., and Vottero, L. R., Solvent effects on aromatic nucleophilic substitutions. Part 5. Kinetics of the reactions of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with piperidine in aprotic solvents, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 2, 951-954, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 951-954
    • Nudelman, N.S.1    Mancini, P.M.E.2    Martinez, R.D.3    Vottero, L.R.4
  • 37
  • 38
    • 0032509370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of fluorine kinetic isotope effects in the study of steric effects in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
    • Persson, J. and Matsson, O., Use of fluorine kinetic isotope effects in the study of steric effects in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, J. Org. Chem., 63, 9348-9350, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Org. Chem. , vol.63 , pp. 9348-9350
    • Persson, J.1    Matsson, O.2
  • 39
    • 0028080625 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed elimination reaction
    • Shokat, K., Uno, T., and Schultz, P. G., Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed elimination reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 2261-2270, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.116 , pp. 2261-2270
    • Shokat, K.1    Uno, T.2    Schultz, P.G.3
  • 40
    • 0032478968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed elimination reaction
    • Romesberg, F. E., Flanagan, M. E., Uno, T., and Schultz, P. G., Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed elimination reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 5160-5167, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 5160-5167
    • Romesberg, F.E.1    Flanagan, M.E.2    Uno, T.3    Schultz, P.G.4
  • 42
    • 0346916709 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects. IV. The effect of activation energy on some carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects
    • Buist, G. J. and Bender, M. L., Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects. IV. The effect of activation energy on some carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 4308-4311, 1958.
    • (1958) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 4308-4311
    • Buist, G.J.1    Bender, M.L.2
  • 43
    • 85022508127 scopus 로고
    • N2 reaction of hydroxide ion with methyl iodide. The relationship between different carbon isotope effects
    • N2 reaction of hydroxide ion with methyl iodide. The relationship between different carbon isotope effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, 6661-6668, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 6661-6668
    • Axelsson, B.S.1    Matsson, O.2    Långström, B.3
  • 44
    • 0009634934 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in nucleophilic substitution reactions
    • Bender, M. L. and Hoeg, D. F., Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in nucleophilic substitution reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 79, 5649-5654, 1957.
    • (1957) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 5649-5654
    • Bender, M.L.1    Hoeg, D.F.2
  • 45
    • 0012182373 scopus 로고
    • Cyanide carbon isotope fractionation in the reaction of cyanide ion and methyl iodide. Carbon isotope effect in the hydrolysis of methyl iodide
    • Lynn, K. R. and Yankwich, P. E., Cyanide carbon isotope fractionation in the reaction of cyanide ion and methyl iodide. Carbon isotope effect in the hydrolysis of methyl iodide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 53-57, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 53-57
    • Lynn, K.R.1    Yankwich, P.E.2
  • 46
    • 0037893965 scopus 로고
    • The effects of isotopic substitution on the rates of chemical reactions
    • Bigeleisen, J., The effects of isotopic substitution on the rates of chemical reactions, J. Phys. Chem., 56, 823-828, 1952.
    • (1952) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.56 , pp. 823-828
    • Bigeleisen, J.1
  • 49
    • 0001922356 scopus 로고
    • One century of physical organic chemistry: The menshutkin reaction
    • Abboud, J.-L., Notario, R., Bertran, J., and Sola, M., One century of physical organic chemistry: the menshutkin reaction, Prog. Phys. Org. Chem., 19, 1-182, 1993.
    • (1993) Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. , vol.19 , pp. 1-182
    • Abboud, J.-L.1    Notario, R.2    Bertran, J.3    Sola, M.4
  • 51
    • 0008581761 scopus 로고
    • Demethylations of quaternary pyridinium salts by a soft nucleophile, triphenylphosphine. Electronic and steric accelerations
    • Berg, U., Gallo, R., Klatte, G., and Metzger, J., Demethylations of quaternary pyridinium salts by a soft nucleophile, triphenylphosphine. Electronic and steric accelerations, J. Org. Chem., 41, 2621-2624, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Org. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 2621-2624
    • Berg, U.1    Gallo, R.2    Klatte, G.3    Metzger, J.4
  • 52
    • 0041564817 scopus 로고
    • N2 reactions. Determination of transition state structures for the quaternization of 2-alkylpyridines and -thiazoles by a combined experimental and molecular mechanics procedure
    • N2 reactions. Determination of transition state structures for the quaternization of 2-alkylpyridines and -thiazoles by a combined experimental and molecular mechanics procedure, Acta Chem. Scand., B37, 661-673, 1983.
    • (1983) Acta Chem. Scand. , vol.B37 , pp. 661-673
    • Berg, U.1    Gallo, R.2
  • 53
    • 0006441248 scopus 로고
    • The quantitative analysis of steric effects in heteroaromatics
    • Gallo, R., Roussel, C., and Berg, U., The quantitative analysis of steric effects in heteroaromatics, Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 43, 173-299, 1988.
    • (1988) Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 173-299
    • Gallo, R.1    Roussel, C.2    Berg, U.3
  • 54
    • 0346286616 scopus 로고
    • Effect of steric hindrance on the structure of transition states
    • Swain, C. G. and Hershey, N. D., Effect of steric hindrance on the structure of transition states, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 1901-1905, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 1901-1905
    • Swain, C.G.1    Hershey, N.D.2
  • 55
    • 3543013102 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of reactions in solutions under pressure. 49. Chlorine kinetic isotope effects in the methylation of pyridine and 2,6-lutidine
    • le Noble, W. J. and Miller, A. R., Kinetics of reactions in solutions under pressure. 49. Chlorine kinetic isotope effects in the methylation of pyridine and 2,6-lutidine, J. Org. Chem., 44, 889-891, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Org. Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 889-891
    • le Noble, W.J.1    Miller, A.R.2
  • 56
    • 0000396469 scopus 로고
    • N2 reactions. Primary carbon kinetic isotope effects in menshutkin reactions
    • N2 reactions. Primary carbon kinetic isotope effects in menshutkin reactions, J. Org. Chem., 60, 5037-5040, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Org. Chem. , vol.60 , pp. 5037-5040
    • Persson, J.1    Berg, U.2    Matsson, O.3
  • 57
    • 0007177764 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in the Menschutkin-type reaction of benzyl benzenesulfonates with N, N-dimethylanilines. Variation of the effects with substituents
    • Yamataka, H. and Ando, T., Carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in the Menschutkin-type reaction of benzyl benzenesulfonates with N, N-dimethylanilines. Variation of the effects with substituents, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 266-267, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 266-267
    • Yamataka, H.1    Ando, T.2
  • 58
    • 0346916714 scopus 로고
    • Variations of carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in the Menschutkin type reaction of benzyl arenesulfonates
    • Yamataka, H., and Ando, T., Variations of carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in the Menschutkin type reaction of benzyl arenesulfonates, Tetrahedron. Lett., 16, 1059-1062, 1975.
    • (1975) Tetrahedron. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Yamataka, H.1    Ando, T.2
  • 59
    • 0000079881 scopus 로고
    • Rates and isotope effects in the proton transfers from 2-nitropropane to pyridine bases
    • Lewis, E. S. and Funderburk, L. H., Rates and isotope effects in the proton transfers from 2-nitropropane to pyridine bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 2322-2327, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.89 , pp. 2322-2327
    • Lewis, E.S.1    Funderburk, L.H.2
  • 61
    • 0037556072 scopus 로고
    • Chlorine isotope effects in the reactions of benzyl and substituted benzyl chlorides with various nucleophiles
    • Hill, J. W. and Fry, A., Chlorine isotope effects in the reactions of benzyl and substituted benzyl chlorides with various nucleophiles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 2763-2769, 1962.
    • (1962) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.84 , pp. 2763-2769
    • Hill, J.W.1    Fry, A.2
  • 63
    • 0000679208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects and transition state structure
    • Matsson, O. and Westaway, K., Secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects and transition state structure, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 31, 143-248, 1998.
    • (1998) Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. , vol.31 , pp. 143-248
    • Matsson, O.1    Westaway, K.2
  • 64
    • 37049090907 scopus 로고
    • 2H kinetic isotope effects in the base-catalysed 1, 3-prototropic rearrangement of 1-methylindene and 1,3-dimethylindene
    • 2H kinetic isotope effects in the base-catalysed 1, 3-prototropic rearrangement of 1-methylindene and 1,3-dimethylindene, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 2, 851-857, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 851-857
    • Hussénius, A.1    Matsson, O.2    Bergson, G.3
  • 65
    • 37049092345 scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary b-deuterium kinetic isotope effects in the 1,3-prototropic rearrangement of 1-methylindene using tertiary amines as catalysts in the solvents toluene and dimethyl sulphoxide
    • Matsson, O., Primary and secondary b-deuterium kinetic isotope effects in the 1,3-prototropic rearrangement of 1-methylindene using tertiary amines as catalysts in the solvents toluene and dimethyl sulphoxide, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 2, 221-226, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 221-226
    • Matsson, O.1
  • 67
    • 0024293225 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and pH studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: Erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase
    • Kiick, D. and Phillips, R. S., Mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and pH studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase, Biochemistry, 27, 7333-7338, 1988.
    • (1988) Biochemistry , vol.27 , pp. 7333-7338
    • Kiick, D.1    Phillips, R.S.2
  • 68
    • 0004243824 scopus 로고
    • 14C kinetic isotope effect of the tyrosine phenol-lyase catalyzed a, b-elimination of L-tyrosine
    • 14C kinetic isotope effect of the tyrosine phenol-lyase catalyzed a, b-elimination of L-tyrosine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 1502-1503, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 1502-1503
    • Axelsson, B.S.1    Bjurling, P.2    Matsson, O.3    Långström, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.