Consciousness and Anesthesia

The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 628-639

  Kihlstrom, John F ^a   Cork, Randall C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Awareness; Implicit memory; Propofol; Respiratory physiology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891292288     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470751466.ch50     Document Type: Chapter

References (30)

1. Fenster, J. M. (2001) Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York: HarperCollins.
2. Ghoneim, M. M. (2001) Awareness during Anesthesia. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
3. Jordan, C., Vaughan, D. J. A., and Newton, D. E. F. (eds.) (2000) Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia IV. London: Imperial College Press.
4. Andrade, J. (1996) Investigations of hypesthesia: using anesthetics to explore relationships between consciousness, learning, and memory. Consciousness and Cognition 5, 562-80.
5. Bonebakker, A. E., Jelicic, M., Passchier, J., and Bonke, B. (1996) Memory during general anesthesia: practical and methodological aspects. Consciousness and Cognition 5, 542-61.
6. Cork, R. C., Couture, L. J., and Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997) Memory and recall. In T. L. Yaksh, C. Lynch, W. M. Zapol, M. Maze, J. F. Biebuyck, and L. J. Saidman (eds.), Anesthesia: Biologic Foundations, 451-67. New York: Lippincott-Raven.
7. Cork, R. C., Heaton, J. F., and Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996) Is there implicit memory aft er propofol sedation?. British Journal of Anaesthesia 76, 492-8.
8. Cork, R. C., Kihlstrom, J. F., and Schacter, D. L. (1992) Absence of explicit or implicit memory in patients anesthetized with sufentanil/nitrous oxide. Anesthesiology 76, 892-8.
9. Fenster, J. M. (2001) Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York: HarperCollins.
10. Flohr, H. (2000) NMDA receptor-mediated computational processes and phenomenal consciousness. In T. Metzinger (ed.), Neural Correlates of Consciousness, 245-58. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Franks, N. P., and Lieb, W. R. (1994) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature 367, 607-14.
12. Ghoneim, M. M. (2001a) Awareness during anesthesia. In M. M. Ghoneim (ed.), Awareness during Anesthesia, 1-22. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
13. Ghoneim, M. M. (2001b) Implicit memory for events during anesthesia. In M. M. Ghoneim (ed.), Awareness During Anesthesia, 23-68. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
14. Grush, R., and Churchland, P. S. (1995) Gaps in Penrose's toilings. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2, 10-29.
15. Hameroff, S. R. (1998) "Funda-mentality": Is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2, 119-27.
16. Jones, J. G. and Aggarwal, S. (2001) Monitoring the depth of anesthesia. In M. M. Ghoneim (ed.), Awareness During Anesthesia, 69-91. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
17. Kerssens, C. and Sebel, P. S. (2001) BIS and memory during anesthesia. In M. M. Ghoneim (ed.), Awareness During Anesthesia, 103-16. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
18. Kerssens, C., Ouchi, T., and Sebel, P. S. (2005) No evidence of memory function during anesthesia with propofol or isoflurane with close control of hypnotic state. Anesthesiology 102, 57-62.
19. Kihlstrom, J. F. (1993) Implicit memory function during anesthesia. In P. S. Sebel, B. Bonke, and E. Winograd (eds.), Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia, 10-30. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
20. Kihlstrom, J. F. and Schacter, D. L. (1990) Anaesthesia, amnesia, and the cognitive unconscious. In B. Bonke, W. Fitch, and K. Millar (eds.), Awareness and Memory in Anaesthesia, 21-44. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.
21. Kihlstrom, J. F., Barnhardt, T. M., and Tataryn, D. J. (1992) Implicit perception. In R. F. Bornstein and T. S. Pittman (eds.), Perception Without Awareness: Cognitive, Clinical, and Social Perspectives, 17-54. New York: Guilford Press.
22. Kihlstrom, J. F., Schacter, D. L., Cork, R. C., and Hurt, C. A. (1990) Implicit and explicit memory following surgical anesthesia. Psychological Science 1: 5, 303-6.
23. Lubke, G. H., Kerssens, C., Phaf, H., and Sebel, P. S. (1999) Dependence of explicit and implicit memory on hypnotic state in trauma patients. Anesthesiology 90, 670-80.
24. Merikle, P. M. and Daneman, M. (1996) Memory for unconsciously perceived events: evidence from anesthetized patients. Consciousness and Cognition 5, 525-41.
25. Penrose, R. (1994) Shadows of the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Pernick, M. S. (1985) A Calculus of Suffering: Pain, Professionalism, and Anesthesia in 19th-Century America. New York: Columbia University Press.
27. Polster, M. R. (1993) Drug-induced amnesia: implications for cognitive neuropsychological investigations of memory. Psychological Bulletin 114, 477-93.
28. Russell, I. F. (1989) Conscious awareness during general anaesthesia: relevance of autonomic signs and isolated arm movements as guides to depth of anaesthesia. In J. G. Jones (ed.),. Depth of Anaesthesia: Ballière's Clinical Anaesthesiology, vol. 3, 511-32. London: Ballière Tindall.
29. Schacter, D. L. (1987) Implicit memory: history and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 13, 501-18.
30. Stoelting, R. K. and Miller, R. D. (2000) Basics of Anesthesia, 4th edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone.