-
1
-
-
79958734438
-
Analysis of currently available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and human health-lessons learned from four case studies
-
Aschberger K., Micheletti C., Sokull-Klüttgen B., Christensen F.M. Analysis of currently available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and human health-lessons learned from four case studies. Environ Int 2011, 37:1143-1156.
-
(2011)
Environ Int
, vol.37
, pp. 1143-1156
-
-
Aschberger, K.1
Micheletti, C.2
Sokull-Klüttgen, B.3
Christensen, F.M.4
-
2
-
-
61449149635
-
Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro
-
Auffan M., Rose J., Wiesner M., Bottero J. Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro. Environ Pollut 2009, 157:1127-1133.
-
(2009)
Environ Pollut
, vol.157
, pp. 1127-1133
-
-
Auffan, M.1
Rose, J.2
Wiesner, M.3
Bottero, J.4
-
3
-
-
71549164361
-
The role of a groundwater bacterial community in the degradation of the herbicide terbuthylazine
-
Barra Caracciolo A., Fajardo C., Grenni P., Saccà M.L., Amalfitano S., Ciccoli R., et al. The role of a groundwater bacterial community in the degradation of the herbicide terbuthylazine. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010, 71:127-136.
-
(2010)
FEMS Microbiol Ecol
, vol.71
, pp. 127-136
-
-
Barra Caracciolo, A.1
Fajardo, C.2
Grenni, P.3
Saccà, M.L.4
Amalfitano, S.5
Ciccoli, R.6
-
4
-
-
0016063911
-
The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Brenner S. The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 1974, 77:71-94.
-
(1974)
Genetics
, vol.77
, pp. 71-94
-
-
Brenner, S.1
-
5
-
-
84863538445
-
Alumina nanoparticles-induced effects on wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus removal after short-term and long-term exposure
-
Chen Y., Su Y., Zheng X., Chen H., Yang H. Alumina nanoparticles-induced effects on wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus removal after short-term and long-term exposure. Water Res 2012, 46(14):4379-4386.
-
(2012)
Water Res
, vol.46
, Issue.14
, pp. 4379-4386
-
-
Chen, Y.1
Su, Y.2
Zheng, X.3
Chen, H.4
Yang, H.5
-
6
-
-
45249123882
-
Size dependent and reactive oxygen species related nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying bacteria
-
Choi O., Hu Z.Q. Size dependent and reactive oxygen species related nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying bacteria. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:4583-4588.
-
(2008)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.42
, pp. 4583-4588
-
-
Choi, O.1
Hu, Z.Q.2
-
7
-
-
44749089357
-
The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth
-
Choi O., Deng K.K., Kim N.J., Ross L., Surampalli R.Y., Hu Z.Q. The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res 2008, 42:3066-3074.
-
(2008)
Water Res
, vol.42
, pp. 3066-3074
-
-
Choi, O.1
Deng, K.K.2
Kim, N.J.3
Ross, L.4
Surampalli, R.Y.5
Hu, Z.Q.6
-
8
-
-
84874519757
-
Low concentrations of silver nanoparticles in biosolids cause adverse ecosystem responses under realistic field scenario
-
Colman B.P., Arnaout C.L., Anciaux S., Gunsch C.K., Hochella M.F., Kim B., et al. Low concentrations of silver nanoparticles in biosolids cause adverse ecosystem responses under realistic field scenario. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(2):e57189. 10.1371/journal.pone.0057189.
-
(2013)
PLoS ONE
, vol.8
, Issue.2
-
-
Colman, B.P.1
Arnaout, C.L.2
Anciaux, S.3
Gunsch, C.K.4
Hochella, M.F.5
Kim, B.6
-
9
-
-
80054102791
-
Silver nanotoxicity using a light-emitting biosensor Pseudomonas putida isolated from a wastewater treatment plant
-
Dams R.I., Biswas A., Olesiejuk A., Fernandes T., Christofi N. Silver nanotoxicity using a light-emitting biosensor Pseudomonas putida isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. J Hazard Mater 2011, 195:68-72.
-
(2011)
J Hazard Mater
, vol.195
, pp. 68-72
-
-
Dams, R.I.1
Biswas, A.2
Olesiejuk, A.3
Fernandes, T.4
Christofi, N.5
-
11
-
-
84860500541
-
Nano-silver induces dose-response effects on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Ellegaard-Jensen L., Jensen K.A., Johansen A. Nano-silver induces dose-response effects on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012, 80:216-223.
-
(2012)
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
, vol.80
, pp. 216-223
-
-
Ellegaard-Jensen, L.1
Jensen, K.A.2
Johansen, A.3
-
12
-
-
0001648995
-
Habitable pore space and microbial trophic interactions
-
Elliot E.T., Anderson R.V., Coleman D.C., Cole C.V. Habitable pore space and microbial trophic interactions. Oikos 1980, 35:327-335.
-
(1980)
Oikos
, vol.35
, pp. 327-335
-
-
Elliot, E.T.1
Anderson, R.V.2
Coleman, D.C.3
Cole, C.V.4
-
13
-
-
70349631616
-
Silver nanoparticle impact on bacterial growth: effect of pH, concentration, and organic matter
-
Fabrega J., Fawcett S., Rensahw J., Lead J. Silver nanoparticle impact on bacterial growth: effect of pH, concentration, and organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:7285-7290.
-
(2009)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.43
, pp. 7285-7290
-
-
Fabrega, J.1
Fawcett, S.2
Rensahw, J.3
Lead, J.4
-
14
-
-
84856227135
-
Assessing the impact of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanotechnology on soil microbial structure and functionality: a molecular approach
-
Fajardo C., Ortíz L.T., Rodríguez-Membibre M.L., Nande M., Lobo M.C., Martin M. Assessing the impact of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanotechnology on soil microbial structure and functionality: a molecular approach. Chemosphere 2012, 86:802-808.
-
(2012)
Chemosphere
, vol.86
, pp. 802-808
-
-
Fajardo, C.1
Ortíz, L.T.2
Rodríguez-Membibre, M.L.3
Nande, M.4
Lobo, M.C.5
Martin, M.6
-
15
-
-
84885855102
-
Transcriptional and proteomic stress responses of a soil bacterium Bacillus cereus to nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles
-
Fajardo C., Sacca M.L., Martinez-Gomariz M., Costa G., Nande M., Martin M. Transcriptional and proteomic stress responses of a soil bacterium Bacillus cereus to nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles. Chemosphere 2013, 93:1077-1083.
-
(2013)
Chemosphere
, vol.93
, pp. 1077-1083
-
-
Fajardo, C.1
Sacca, M.L.2
Martinez-Gomariz, M.3
Costa, G.4
Nande, M.5
Martin, M.6
-
16
-
-
72849144722
-
Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO(2), ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for different regions
-
Gottschalk F., Sonderer T., Scholz R.W., Nowack B. Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO(2), ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for different regions. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43(24):9216-9222.
-
(2009)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.43
, Issue.24
, pp. 9216-9222
-
-
Gottschalk, F.1
Sonderer, T.2
Scholz, R.W.3
Nowack, B.4
-
17
-
-
84862895970
-
Practical considerations for conducting ecotoxicity test methods with manufactured nanomaterials: what have we learnt so far?
-
Handy R.D., van den Brink N., Chappell M., Mühling M., Behra R., Dušinská M., et al. Practical considerations for conducting ecotoxicity test methods with manufactured nanomaterials: what have we learnt so far?. Ecotoxicology 2012, 21:933-972.
-
(2012)
Ecotoxicology
, vol.21
, pp. 933-972
-
-
Handy, R.D.1
van den Brink, N.2
Chappell, M.3
Mühling, M.4
Behra, R.5
Dušinská, M.6
-
18
-
-
79953238070
-
Estimating production data for five engineered nanomaterials as a basis for exposure assessment
-
Hendren C.O., Mesnard X., Dröge J., Wiesner M.R. Estimating production data for five engineered nanomaterials as a basis for exposure assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45(7):2562-2569.
-
(2011)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.45
, Issue.7
, pp. 2562-2569
-
-
Hendren, C.O.1
Mesnard, X.2
Dröge, J.3
Wiesner, M.R.4
-
19
-
-
70049084344
-
Assessing the toxicity of cantaminated soils using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as test organism
-
Höss S., Jänsch S., Moser T., Junker T., Römbke J. Assessing the toxicity of cantaminated soils using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as test organism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009, 72:1811-1818.
-
(2009)
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
, vol.72
, pp. 1811-1818
-
-
Höss, S.1
Jänsch, S.2
Moser, T.3
Junker, T.4
Römbke, J.5
-
20
-
-
84862540326
-
Interlaboratory comparison of a standardized toxicity test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ISO 10872)
-
Höss S., Ahlf W., Bergtold M., Bluebaum-Gronau E., Brinke M., Donnevert G., et al. Interlaboratory comparison of a standardized toxicity test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ISO 10872). Environ Toxicol Chem 2012, 31:1525-1535.
-
(2012)
Environ Toxicol Chem
, vol.31
, pp. 1525-1535
-
-
Höss, S.1
Ahlf, W.2
Bergtold, M.3
Bluebaum-Gronau, E.4
Brinke, M.5
Donnevert, G.6
-
21
-
-
84880962269
-
Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Hunt P.R., Marquis B.J., Tyner K.M., Conkling S., Olejnik N., Nelson B.C., et al. Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2013, 33:1131-1142.
-
(2013)
J Appl Toxicol
, vol.33
, pp. 1131-1142
-
-
Hunt, P.R.1
Marquis, B.J.2
Tyner, K.M.3
Conkling, S.4
Olejnik, N.5
Nelson, B.C.6
-
22
-
-
85067712489
-
-
ISO Water quality-Determination of toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda). ISO 10872, International of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
-
ISO Water quality-Determination of toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda). ISO 10872 2010, International of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
(2010)
-
-
-
23
-
-
63249132825
-
Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles
-
Jiang W., Mashayekhi H., Xing B. Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles. Environ Pollut 2009, 157:1619-1625.
-
(2009)
Environ Pollut
, vol.157
, pp. 1619-1625
-
-
Jiang, W.1
Mashayekhi, H.2
Xing, B.3
-
24
-
-
84969277816
-
Predicted releases of engineered nanomaterials: from global to regional to local
-
Keller A., Lazareva A. Predicted releases of engineered nanomaterials: from global to regional to local. Environ Sci Technol 2013, 10.1021/ez400106t.
-
(2013)
Environ Sci Technol
-
-
Keller, A.1
Lazareva, A.2
-
25
-
-
84877604511
-
Global life-cycle emissions of engineered nanomaterials
-
Keller A., McFerran S., Lazareva A., Suh S. Global life-cycle emissions of engineered nanomaterials. J Nanopart Res 2013, 15:1692-1709.
-
(2013)
J Nanopart Res
, vol.15
, pp. 1692-1709
-
-
Keller, A.1
McFerran, S.2
Lazareva, A.3
Suh, S.4
-
26
-
-
52649141624
-
Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects
-
Klaine S., Alvarez P.J., Batley G., Fernandes T., Handy R., Lyon D., et al. Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008, 27:1825-1851.
-
(2008)
Environ Toxicol Chem
, vol.27
, pp. 1825-1851
-
-
Klaine, S.1
Alvarez, P.J.2
Batley, G.3
Fernandes, T.4
Handy, R.5
Lyon, D.6
-
27
-
-
84856411503
-
Influence of a nanoparticle mixture on an arctic soil community
-
Kumar N., Shah V., Walker V.K. Influence of a nanoparticle mixture on an arctic soil community. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012, 31:131-135.
-
(2012)
Environ Toxicol Chem
, vol.31
, pp. 131-135
-
-
Kumar, N.1
Shah, V.2
Walker, V.K.3
-
28
-
-
84863505057
-
Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity
-
Levard C., Hotze E., Lowry G., Brown G. Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity. Environ Sci Technol 2012, 46:6900-6914.
-
(2012)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.46
, pp. 6900-6914
-
-
Levard, C.1
Hotze, E.2
Lowry, G.3
Brown, G.4
-
29
-
-
85067736893
-
3-nanoparticle exposure causes neurotoxic effects on locomotion behaviors by inducing severe ROS production and disruption of ROS defense mechanisms in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
-
3-nanoparticle exposure causes neurotoxic effects on locomotion behaviors by inducing severe ROS production and disruption of ROS defense mechanisms in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Hazard Mater 2011, 187:502-508.
-
(2011)
J Hazard Mater
, vol.187
, pp. 502-508
-
-
Li, Y.1
Yu, S.2
Wu, Q.3
Tang, M.4
Pu, Y.5
Wang, D.6
-
30
-
-
77955090966
-
A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
-
Marambio-Jones C., Hoek E.M.V. A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment. J Nanopart Res 2010, 12:1531-1551.
-
(2010)
J Nanopart Res
, vol.12
, pp. 1531-1551
-
-
Marambio-Jones, C.1
Hoek, E.M.V.2
-
31
-
-
78049520600
-
Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Meyer J.N., Lord C.A., Yang X.Y., Turner E.A., Badireddy A.R., Marinakos S.T., et al. Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aquat Toxicol 2010, 100:140-150.
-
(2010)
Aquat Toxicol
, vol.100
, pp. 140-150
-
-
Meyer, J.N.1
Lord, C.A.2
Yang, X.Y.3
Turner, E.A.4
Badireddy, A.R.5
Marinakos, S.T.6
-
32
-
-
69249204224
-
Antioxidant properties of some nanoparticles may enhance wound healing in T2DM patient
-
Mohammad G., Mishra V.K., Pandey H.P. Antioxidant properties of some nanoparticles may enhance wound healing in T2DM patient. Dig J Nanomater Biostruct 2008, 3:159-162.
-
(2008)
Dig J Nanomater Biostruct
, vol.3
, pp. 159-162
-
-
Mohammad, G.1
Mishra, V.K.2
Pandey, H.P.3
-
33
-
-
25444497481
-
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles
-
Morones J.R., Elechiguerra J.L., Camacho A., Holt K., Kouri J.B., Ramirez J.T., et al. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2005, 16:2346-2353.
-
(2005)
Nanotechnology
, vol.16
, pp. 2346-2353
-
-
Morones, J.R.1
Elechiguerra, J.L.2
Camacho, A.3
Holt, K.4
Kouri, J.B.5
Ramirez, J.T.6
-
34
-
-
84855987783
-
Application of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe
-
Mueller N., Braun J., Bruns J., Černík M., Rissing P., Rickerby D., et al. Application of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2012, 19:550-558.
-
(2012)
Environ Sci Pollut Res
, vol.19
, pp. 550-558
-
-
Mueller, N.1
Braun, J.2
Bruns, J.3
Černík, M.4
Rissing, P.5
Rickerby, D.6
-
35
-
-
23944463667
-
Effects of Pb, Cu, Sb, In and Ag contamination on the proliferation of soil bacterial colonies, soil dehydrogenase activity, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of soil microbial communities
-
Murata T., Kanao-Koshikawa M., Takamatsu T. Effects of Pb, Cu, Sb, In and Ag contamination on the proliferation of soil bacterial colonies, soil dehydrogenase activity, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of soil microbial communities. Water Air Soil Pollut 2005, 164:103-118.
-
(2005)
Water Air Soil Pollut
, vol.164
, pp. 103-118
-
-
Murata, T.1
Kanao-Koshikawa, M.2
Takamatsu, T.3
-
36
-
-
84859775809
-
Impact of organic and inorganic nanomaterials in the soil microbial
-
Nogueira V., Lopes I., Rocha-Santos T., Santos A., Rasteiro G., Antunes F., et al. Impact of organic and inorganic nanomaterials in the soil microbial. Sci Total Environ 2012, 424:344-350.
-
(2012)
Sci Total Environ
, vol.424
, pp. 344-350
-
-
Nogueira, V.1
Lopes, I.2
Rocha-Santos, T.3
Santos, A.4
Rasteiro, G.5
Antunes, F.6
-
38
-
-
33748537717
-
Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity
-
Panacek A., Kvitek L., Prucek R., Kolar M., Vecerova R., Pizurova N., et al. Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B 2006, 110:16248-16253.
-
(2006)
J Phys Chem B
, vol.110
, pp. 16248-16253
-
-
Panacek, A.1
Kvitek, L.2
Prucek, R.3
Kolar, M.4
Vecerova, R.5
Pizurova, N.6
-
39
-
-
84859467107
-
Nanoalumina promotes the horizontal transfer of multiresistance genes mediated by plasmids across genera
-
Qiu Z., Yua Y., Chena Z., Jina M., Yanga D., Zhaoa Z., et al. Nanoalumina promotes the horizontal transfer of multiresistance genes mediated by plasmids across genera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109:4944-4949.
-
(2012)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.109
, pp. 4944-4949
-
-
Qiu, Z.1
Yua, Y.2
Chena, Z.3
Jina, M.4
Yanga, D.5
Zhaoa, Z.6
-
40
-
-
84881403083
-
Release of silver from nanotechnology-based consumer products for children
-
Quadros M., Pierson R., Tulve N., Willis R., Rogers K., Thomas T., et al. Release of silver from nanotechnology-based consumer products for children. Environ Sci Technol 2013, 47:8894-8901.
-
(2013)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.47
, pp. 8894-8901
-
-
Quadros, M.1
Pierson, R.2
Tulve, N.3
Willis, R.4
Rogers, K.5
Thomas, T.6
-
41
-
-
69249235584
-
Antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli to alumina nanoparticles
-
Sadiq I., Chowdhury B., Chandrasekaran N., Mukherjee A. Antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli to alumina nanoparticles. Nanomed-nanotechnol 2009, 5:282-286.
-
(2009)
Nanomed-nanotechnol
, vol.5
, pp. 282-286
-
-
Sadiq, I.1
Chowdhury, B.2
Chandrasekaran, N.3
Mukherjee, A.4
-
42
-
-
84879584417
-
Nanosilver: weighing the risks and benefits
-
Seltenrich N. Nanosilver: weighing the risks and benefits. Environ Health Perspect 2013, 121:221-225.
-
(2013)
Environ Health Perspect
, vol.121
, pp. 221-225
-
-
Seltenrich, N.1
-
43
-
-
2442686414
-
Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria
-
Sondi I., Salopek-Sondi B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004, 275:177-182.
-
(2004)
J Colloid Interface Sci
, vol.275
, pp. 177-182
-
-
Sondi, I.1
Salopek-Sondi, B.2
-
44
-
-
69649085871
-
Decreasing uncertainties in assessing environmental exposure, risk, and ecological implications of nanomaterials
-
Wiesner M.R., Lowry G.V., Jones K.L., Hochella M.F., Di Giulio R.T., Casman E., et al. Decreasing uncertainties in assessing environmental exposure, risk, and ecological implications of nanomaterials. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:6458-6462.
-
(2009)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.43
, pp. 6458-6462
-
-
Wiesner, M.R.1
Lowry, G.V.2
Jones, K.L.3
Hochella, M.F.4
Di Giulio, R.T.5
Casman, E.6
-
45
-
-
78650185102
-
Aluminium nanoparticle exposure in L1 larvae results in more severe lethality toxicity tan in L4 larvae or young adults by strengthening the formation of stress response and intestinal lipofuscin accumulation in nematodes
-
Wu S., Lu J., Rui Q., Yu S., Cai T., Wang D. Aluminium nanoparticle exposure in L1 larvae results in more severe lethality toxicity tan in L4 larvae or young adults by strengthening the formation of stress response and intestinal lipofuscin accumulation in nematodes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011, 31:179-188.
-
(2011)
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
, vol.31
, pp. 179-188
-
-
Wu, S.1
Lu, J.2
Rui, Q.3
Yu, S.4
Cai, T.5
Wang, D.6
-
46
-
-
84862908624
-
Mechanism of silver nanoparticle toxicity is dependent on dissolved silver and surface coating in Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Yang X., Gondikas A.P., Marinakos SM Stella M., Auffan M., Liu J., Hsu-Kim H., et al. Mechanism of silver nanoparticle toxicity is dependent on dissolved silver and surface coating in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Sci Technol 2012, 46:1119-1127.
-
(2012)
Environ Sci Technol
, vol.46
, pp. 1119-1127
-
-
Yang, X.1
Gondikas, A.P.2
Marinakos, S.M.3
Auffan, M.4
Liu, J.5
Hsu-Kim, H.6
-
47
-
-
33846612451
-
Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles
-
Yoon K.Y., Byeon H., Park J.H., Hwang J. Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles. Sci Total Environ 2007, 373:572-575.
-
(2007)
Sci Total Environ
, vol.373
, pp. 572-575
-
-
Yoon, K.Y.1
Byeon, H.2
Park, J.H.3
Hwang, J.4
|