Specificational Copular Sentences and Pseudoclefts

The Blackwell Companion to Syntax

Volumn 4, Issue , 2007, Pages 292-409

  Dikken, Marcel Den ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Characteristics; Copulas; Pseudocleft; Typology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890999352     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470996591.ch61     Document Type: Chapter

References (129)

1. Adger, David and Gillian Ramchand (2003). Predication and Equation. Linguistic Inquiry 34: 325-359.
2. Akmajian, Adrian (1979). Aspects of the Grammar of Focus in English. New York: Garland.
3. Alexiadou, Artemis and Anastasia Giannakidou (1998). Specificational Pseudoclefts and the Semantics of Lists. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 10: 1-20.
4. Belletti, Adriana (1988). The Case of Unaccusatives. Linguistic Inquiry 19: 1-34.
5. Blom, Alied and Saskia Daalder (1977). Syntaktische Theorie en Taalbeschrijving. Muiderberg: Coutinho.
6. Bobaljik, Jonathan (1998). Floating Quantifiers: Handle With Care. In: GLOT International 3/6: 3-10.
7. Bobaljik, Jonathan and Samuel Brown (1997). Interarboreal Operations: Head Movement and the Extension Requirement. Linguistic Inquiry 28: 345-356.
8. Boeckx, Cedric (1998). Pseudoclefts: A Fully Derivational Account. Unpublished manuscript, Storrs, University of Connecticut.
9. Bolinger, Dwight (1972b). A Look at Equations and Cleft Sentences. In: Studies for Einar Haugen. Evelyn Scherabon Firchow et al. (eds.), 96-114. The Hague: Mouton.
10. Bos, Gijsbertha (1961). Dat Zijn Kooplieden. Nieuwe Taalgids 54: 23-27.
11. Boskovic, Zeljko (1997a). Pseudoclefts. Studia Linguistica 51: 235-277.
12. Chiba, Shuji (1971). A Note on Equi-NP Deletion. Linguistic Inquiry 2: 539-540.
13. Chomsky, Noam (1970). Remarks on Nominalization. In: Readings in English Transformational Grammar. Roderick Jacobs and Peter Rosenbaum (eds.), 184-221. Boston: Ginn.
14. Chomsky, Noam (1972a). Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation. In: Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar. 62-119. The Hague: Mouton.
15. Chomsky, Noam (1995c). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press.
16. Chvany, Catherine V. (1975). On the Syntax of BE-Sentences in Russian. Cambridge: Slavic Publishers.
17. Cinque, Guglielmo (1990b). Ergative Adjectives and the Lexicalist Hypothesis. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8: 1-40.
18. Clifton, E. (1969). The English Pseudo-cleft. Unpublished manuscript.
19. Collins, Peter (1991). Cleft and Pseudo-cleft Constructions in English. London: Routledge.
20. Daems, Frans (1974). Gekloofde Zinnen in het Nederlands. PhD dissertation, Universitaire Instellingen Antwerpen.
21. Dayal, Veneeta (1997). Free Relatives and Ever: Identity and Free Choice Readings. In: Proceedings of SALT VII. Aaron Lawson and Eun Cho (eds.), 99-116. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
22. Declerck, Renaat (1988). Studies on Copular Sentences, Clefts and Pseudo-Clefts. Leuven: Leuven University Press/Foris Publications.
23. Dik, Simon (1983). Auxiliary and Copula Be in a Functional Grammar of English. In: Linguistic Categories: Auxiliaries and Related Puzzles, Vol. 2. Frank Heny and Barry Richards (eds.), 121-143. Dordrecht: Reidel.
24. Dikken, Marcel den (1987). Secundaire Predicatie en de Analyse van Small Clauses. In: GLOT 10.1-28.
25. Dikken, Marcel den (1995b). Copulas. Unpublished manuscript, Amsterdam, Vrije Univer-siteit Amsterdam/HIL.
26. Dikken, Marcel den (1998b). Review of Moro (1997). In: Linguistische Berichte 174: 246-263.
27. Dikken, Marcel den, André Meinunger, and Chris Wilder (2000). Pseudoclefts and Ellipsis. Studia Linguistica 54: 41-89.
28. Donnellan, Keith S. (1966). Reference and Definite Descriptions. In: Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics and Psychology. Danny Steinberg and Leon Jakobo-vits (eds.), 10-114. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29. Droste, Flip (1962). Kooplieden in het Geding. Nieuwe Taalgids 54: 154-156.
30. Drubig, Hans Bernhard (1997). Fokuskonstruktionen. Working Papers of the Sonderforschungsbereich 340 115.
31. Emonds, Joseph (1970). Root and Structure-Preserving Transformations. PhD dissertation, Cambridge, MIT.
32. Erades, Peter A. (1962). Points of Modern English Syntax XLIII. English Studies 43: 136-141.
33. Faraci, Robert (1971). On the Deep Question of Pseudo-Clefts. English Linguistics 6: 48-85.
34. Fauconnier, Gilles (1975). Pragmatic Scales and Logical Structure. Linguistic Analysis 6: 353-375.
35. Fintel, Kai von (1999). NPI-licensing, Strawson-Entailment, and Context Dependency. Journal of Semantics 16/2: 97-148.
36. Geach, Peter (1970b). Reference and Generality. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
37. Geluykens, Ronald (1984). An Empirical Investigation Into Cleft and Pseudo-cleft Sentences. PhD dissertation, Antwerp, Universitaire Instellingen Antwerpen.
38. Giannakidou, Anastasia (1998). Polarity Sensitivity as (Non)veridical Dependency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
39. Givón, Talmy (1973). Opacity and Reference in Language: An Inquiry into the Roles of Modalities. In: Syntax and Semantics 2. John Kimball (ed.). New York: Seminar Press.
40. Green, Georgia (1971). Notes on Clefts and Pseudo-Clefts and Other Related Matters. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 1: 1-7.
41. Grosu, Alexander (1972b). The Strategic Content of Island Constraints. Working Papers in Linguistics 13. Ohio State University.
42. Grosu, Alexander (1973). On the Status of the So-called Right Roof Constraint. Language 49: 294-311.
43. Guéron, Jacqueline (1992). Types Syntaxiques et Types Sémantiques: La Phrase Copulative Comme Palimpseste. Revue Québécoise de Linguistique 22: 77-115.
44. Guéron, Jacqueline (1993). Beyond Predication: The Inverse Copula Construction in English. Unpublished manuscript, Paris, Université de Paris X-Nanterre.
45. Guéron, Jacqueline (2001). Review of Alain Rouveret (ed.): Ětre et Avoir: Syntaxe, Sémantique, Typologie (1998). Lingua 111: 131-55.
46. Gundel, Jeanette K. (1977). Where Do Cleft-Sentences Come From? Language 53: 543-559.
47. Halliday, Michael (1967). Notes on Transitivity, Part 1. Journal of Linguistics 3: 37-81.
48. Halliday, Michael (1968). Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English, Part 3. Journal of Linguistics 4: 179-215.
49. Halvorsen, Per-Kristian (1978). The Syntax and Semantics of Cleft Constructions. In: Texas Linguistic Forum 11. Austin: University of Texas.
50. Hankamer, Jorge (1974). On the Non-cyclic Nature of Wh-Clefting. In: Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. M. W. La Galay et al. (eds.), 221-233. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
51. Hankamer, Jorge and Ivan Sag (1976). Deep and Surface Anaphora. Linguistic Inquiry 7: 391-428.
52. Heggie, Lorie A. (1988). The Syntax of Copular Structures. PhD dissertation, Los Angeles, University of Southern California.
53. Hengeveld, Kees (1992). Non-Verbal Predication: Theory, Typology, Diachrony. PhD dissertation. University of Amsterdam.
54. Hertog, Cornelis H. den (1972). Nederlandse Spraakkunst. Amsterdam: Versluys.
55. Heycock, Caroline (1994a). The Internal Structure of Small Clauses. In: Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistic Society 25. 223-238. Amherst: Graduate Linguistics Student Association.
56. Heycock, Caroline (1994b). Layers of Predication: The Non-Lexical Syntax of Clauses. New York: Garland.
57. Heycock, Caroline (1998). Phrases Réduites Inverses. In: Ětre et Avoir: Syntaxe, Sémantique, Typologie. Alain Rouveret (ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes.
58. Heycock, Caroline and Anthony Kroch (1996). Pseudo-Cleft Connectivity: Implications for the LF Interface. Unpublished manuscript, University of Edinburgh/University of Pennsylvania.
59. Heycock, Caroline and Anthony Kroch (1999). Pseudocleft Connectedness: Implications for the LF Interface Level. Linguistic Inquiry 30: 365-398.
60. Higginbotham, James (1987). Indefiniteness and Predication. In: The Representation of (In)definiteness. Eric Reuland and Alice ter Meulen (eds.), 43-70. Cambridge: MIT Press.
61. Higgins, Francis Roger (1979). The Pseudo Cleft Construction in English. New York, Garland.
62. Hoogteijling, Jacob (1969). Taalkunde in Artikelen. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.
63. Huddleston, Rodney (1971). The Sentence in Written English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. Iatridou, Sabine and Spyridoula Varlokosta (1998). Pseudoclefts Crosslinguistically. Natural Language Semantics 6: 3-28.
65. Izvorski, Roumyana (1997a). On the Type of be and the Nature of the Wh-clause in Specificational Pseudoclefts. In: Workshop on the Syntax and Semantics of (Pseudo-)Clefts, November 1997. Berlin: ZAS.
66. Jacobs, Roderick and Peter Rosenbaum (1968). English Transformational Grammar. London: Ginn.
67. Jacobson, Pauline (1995). On the Quantificational Force of English Free Relatives. In: Quantification in Natural Languages. Emmon Bach, Eloise Jelinek, Angelika Kratzer, and Barbara H. Partee (eds.), 451-486. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
68. Jespersen, Otto (1909). A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. London/Copenhagen: George Allen and Unwin/Munksgaard.
69. Jespersen, Otto (1969). Analytic Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
70. Kaisse, Ellen (1979). Auxiliary Reduction and the Derivation of Pseudoclefts. Linguistic Inquiry 10: 706-710.
71. Kayne, Richard (1984a). Connectedness and Binary Branching. Dordrecht: Foris.
72. Kayne, Richard (1994). The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
73. Kayne, Richard (1998). Overt vs. Covert Movement. Syntax 1: 128-191.
74. Kayne, Richard (1999). Toward an Understanding of Condition C Effects. Unpublished manuscript, NYU.
75. Keizer, M. Evelien (1992). Reference, Predication and (In)definiteness in Functional Grammar: A Functional Approach to English Copular Sentences. PhD dissertation. Free University of Amsterdam.
76. Kiss, Katalin É. (2002). The Syntax of Hungarian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
77. Klima, Edward (1964). Negation in English. In: The Structure of Language. Jerry Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz (eds.), 246-323. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
78. Kruisinga, Etsko and Peter A. Erades (1953). An English Grammar, Vol. I: Accidence and Syntax, Part 1. Groningen: Noordhoff.
79. Larson, Richard (1988). On the Double Object Construction. Linguistic Inquiry 19: 335-391.
80. Lasnik, Howard (1995). A Note on Pseudogapping. Papers in Minimalist Syntax. Rob Pensalfini and Hiroyuki Ura (eds.), 143-163. Cambridge: MIT Press.
81. Link, Godehard (1983). The Logical Analysis of Plurals and Mass Terms: A Lattice-Theoretical Approach. In: Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language. Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow (eds.), 302-323. Berlin: de Gruyter.
82. Lødrup, Helge (1994). Surface Proforms in Norwegian and the Definiteness Effect. In: Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistic Society 24. 303-315. Amherst: Graduate Linguistics Student Association.
83. Lyons, John (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
84. Meinunger, André (1997). The Structure of Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Sentences. In: Texas Linguistic Forum 38: The Syntax and Semantics of Predication-Proceedings of the 1997 Texas Linguistics Society Conference. Ralph C. Blight and Michelle J. Moosally (eds.), 235-246. Austin: University of Texas Department of Linguistics.
85. Merckens, P. J. (1961). Zijn Dat Kooplieden of Zijn Kooplieden Dat? Nieuwe Taalgids 54: 152-154.
86. Mill, John Stuart (1856). A System of Logic, Vol. I. London: John W. Parker and Son.
87. Montague, Richard (1973). The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English. In: Approaches to Natural Language. Jaakko Hintikka, Julius Moravcsik, and Patrick Suppes (eds.), 221-242. Dordrecht: Reidel.
88. Moreau, Marie-Louise (1971). Trois Aspects de la Syntaxe de C'est. PhD dissertation, University of Liege.
89. Moro, Andrea (1987). Tempo e Predicazione Nella Sintassi delle Frasi Copulari. PhD dissertation, University of Pavia.
90. Moro, Andrea (1988). Per una Teoria Unificata delle Frasi Copulari. Revista di Grammatica Generativa 13: 81-110.
91. Moro, Andrea (1997). The Raising of Predicates: Predicative Noun Phrases and the Theory of Clause Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
92. Moro, Andrea (2000). Dynamic Antisymmetry. Cambridge: MIT Press.
93. Neeleman, Ad (1997). PP-complements. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 15: 89-137.
94. Nunes, Jairo (1995). The Copy Theory of Movement and Linearization of Chains in the Minimalist Program. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.
95. Paduceva, E. and V. Uspenskij (1979). Podležažcee ili Skazyemoe? (Semanticeskij Kriterij Razlicenija Podležaščego i Skazyemogo v Binominativnyx Predloženijax). Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR, Serija Literatury i Jazyka 38/4: 349-360.
96. Partee, Barbara H. (1986). Ambiguous Pseudoclefts with Unambiguous Be. In: Proceedings of NELS 16. 354-366. Amherst: Graduate Linguistics Student Association.
97. Partee, Barbara H. (1999). Copula Inversion Puzzles in English and Russian. In: Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The Seattle Meeting 1998. Katarzyna Dziwirek, Herbert Coats, and Cynthia M. Vakareliyska (eds.), 361-395. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
98. Pereltsvaig, Asya (2001). On the Nature of Intra-Clausal Relations: A Study of Copular Sentences in Russian and Italian. PhD Dissertation, Montreal, McGill University.
99. Pesetsky, David (1989). Language Particular Processes and the Earliness Principle. Unpublished manuscript, Cambridge, MIT.
100. Peters, Stanley and Emmon Bach (1968). Pseudo-Cleft Sentences. Unpublished manuscript, Cambridge, MIT.
101. Postal, Paul M. (1970). On Coreferential Complement Subject Deletion. Linguistic Inquiry 1: 439-500.
102. Postal, Paul M. (1971). Cross-Over Phenomena. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
103. Prince, Ellen F. (1978). A Comparison of Wh-clefts and It-clefts in Discourse. Language 54: 883-906.
104. Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, and Geoffrey Leech (1972). A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman.
105. Radford, Andrew (1981). Transformational Syntax: A Student's Guide to Chomsky's Extended Standard Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
106. Rapoport, Tova R. (1987). Copular, Nominal and Small Clauses: A Study of Israeli Hebrew. PhD dissertation, Cambridge, MIT.
107. Rizzi, Luigi (1990b). Relativized Minimality. Cambridge: MIT Press.
108. Ross, John Robert (1972a). Act. In: Semantics of Natural Language. Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman (eds.), 70-126. Dordrecht: Reidel.
109. Ross, John Robert (1986). Infinite Syntax! Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
110. Ross, John Robert (1997). The Source of Pseudo-Cleft Sentences. Hand-out of a talk given at the University of Pennsylvania.
111. Ross, John Robert (1999). That Is the Question. Hand-out of talk given at Humboldt University, Berlin.
112. Ross, John Robert (2000). The Frozenness of Pseudo-Clefts. Unpublished manuscript, University of North Texas.
113. Rothstein, Susan (2001a). Predicates and Their Subjects. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
114. Russell, Bertrand (1903). The Principles of Mathematics. London: Allen and Unwin.
115. Safir, Kenneth (1983). On Small Clauses as Constituents. Linguistic Inquiry 14: 730-735.
116. Safir, Kenneth (1985b). Syntactic Chains. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
117. Schlenker, Philippe (2003b). Clausal Equations: A Note on the Connectivity Problem. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21/1: 157-214.
118. Schmitt, Cristina (1996). Aspect and the Syntax of Noun Phrases. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland.
119. Seuren, Pieter (1985). Discourse Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell.
120. Sharvit, Yael (1997a). A Semantic Approach to Connectedness in Specificational Pseudoclefts. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania.
121. Sportiche, Dominique (1988). A Theory of Floating Quantifiers and its Corollaries for Constituent Structure. Linguistic Inquiry 19: 425-449.
122. Sternefeld, Wolfgang (1997). The Semantics of Reconstruction and Connectivity. Working Papers of the Sonderforschungsbereich 340 97.
123. Stowell, Tim (1981). Origins of Phrase Structure. PhD dissertation, Cambridge, MIT.
124. Strawson, Peter F. (1950). On Referring. In: Logico-Linguistic Papers (1971). Peter F. Straw-son (ed.), 1-27. London: Methuen.
125. Verheugd, Els (1990). Subject Arguments and Predicate Nominals: A Study of French Copular Sentences With Two NPs. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
126. Verkuyl, Henk (1972). On the Compositional Nature of the Aspects. Dordrecht: Foris.
127. Williams, Edwin (1983b). Semantic vs. Syntactic Categories. Linguistics and Philosophy 6: 423-446.
128. Zaring, Laurie (1996). Two Be Or Not Two Be: Identity, Predication and the Welsh Copula. Linguistics and Philosophy 19: 103-142.
129. Zwart, C. Jan-Wouter (1997a). The Morphosyntax of Verb Movement. Dordrecht: Kluwer.