Therapeutics of Paroxysmal Dyskinesias

Therapeutics of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 345-352

  Mehta, Shyamal H ^a   Sethi, Kapil D ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Dyskinesias; Exercise induced; Hypnogenic; Kinesigenic; Non kinesigenic; Paroxysmal; Therapeutics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890970840     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470713990.ch22     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Alemdar, M., Iseri, P., Selekler, M. and Komsuoglu, S.S. (2007) Levetiracetam-responding paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 30, 241-244.
2. Bennett, L.B., Roach, E.S. and Bowcock, A.M. (2000) A locus for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia maps to human chromosome 16. Neurology, 54, 125-130.
3. Bhatia, K.P., Soland, V.L., Bhatt, M.H. et al. (1997) Paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia: eight new sporadic cases and a review of literature. Movement Disorders, 12, 1007-1012.
4. Bhatia, K.P., Marsden, C.D. and Thomas, D.G. (1998) Poster-oventral pallidotomy can ameliorate attacks of paroxysmal dystonia induced by exercise. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 65, 604-605.
5. Bhatia, K.P. (1999) The paroxysmal dyskinesias. Journal of Neu-rology, 246, 149-155.
6. Blakeley, J. and Jankovic, J. (2002) Secondary paroxysmal dyski-nesias. Movement Disorders, 17, 726-734.
7. Bozi, M. and Bhatia, K.P. (2003) Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia as a presenting feature of young-onset Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 18, 1545-1547.
8. Bruno, M.K., Hallett, M., Gwinn-Hardy, K. et al. (2004b) Clinical evaluation of idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: new diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 63, 2280-2287.
9. Bruno, M.K., Ravina, B., Garraux, G. et al. (2004a) Exercise-induced dystonia as a preceding symptom of familial Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 19, 228-230.
10. Bruno, M.K., Lee, H.Y., Auburger, G.W. et al. (2007) Genotype-phenotype correlation of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskine-sia. Neurology, 68, 1782-1789.
11. Chen, D.H., Matsushita, M., Rainier, S. et al. (2005) Presence of alanine-to-valine substitutions in myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: confirmation in 2 kindreds. Archives of Neurology, 62, 597-600.
12. Cochen De Cock, V., Bourdain, F., Apartis, E. et al. (2006) Interictal myoclonus with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Movement Disorders, 21, 1533-1535.
13. DeGrandis, E., Mir, P., Edwards, M.J. et al. (Nov 23, 2007) Paroxysmal dyskinesia with interictal myoclonus and dystonia: A report of two cases. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. [Epub ahead of print].
14. Demirkiran, M. and Jankovic, J. (1995) Paroxysmal dyskinesias: clinical features and classification. Annals of Neurology, 38, 571-579.
15. Dooley, J.M. and Brna, P.M. (2004) Sublingual lorazepam in the treatment of familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. Pediatric Neurology, 30, 365-366.
16. Dressler, D. and Benecke, R. (2005) Diagnosis andmanagement of acute movement disorders. Journal of Neurology, 252, 1299-1306.
17. Fahn, S. (1994) The paroxysmal dyskinesias, in Movement Disorders, 3rd edn (eds C.D. Marsden and S. Fahn), Butterworth Heinemann, Woburn, MA, pp. 310-346.
18. Fink, J.K., Rainer, S., Wilkowski, J. et al. (1996) Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis: tight linkage to chromosome 2q. American Journal of Human Genetics, 59, 140-145.
19. Goodenough, D.J., Fariello, R.G., Annis, B.L. and Chun, R.W. (1978) Familial and acquired paroxysmal dyskinesias: a proposed classification with delineation of clinical features. Archives of Neurology, 35, 827-831.
20. Guerrini, R., Bonanni, P., Nardocci, N. et al. (1999) Autosomal recessive rolandic epilepsy with paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia and writer's cramp: delineation of the syndrome and gene mapping to chromosome 16p12-11.2. Annals of Neurolo-gy, 45, 344-352.
21. Guimaraes, J. and Vale Santos, J. (2000) Paroxysmal dystonia induced by exercise and acetazolamide. European Journal of Neurology, 7, 237-240.
22. Hall, D.A., Parsons, J. and Benke, T. (2007) Paroxysmal nonki-nesigenic dystonia and celiac disease. Movement Disorders, 22, 708-710.
23. Hirsch, E., Sellal, F., Maton, B. et al. (1994) Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia: a clinical form of focal epilepsy. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 24, 207-217.
24. Huang, Y.G., Chen, Y.C., Du, F. et al. (2005) Topiramate therapy for paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis. Movement Disorders, 20, 75-77.
25. Horner, F.H. and Jackson, L.C. (1969) Familial paroxysmal chor-eoathetosis, in Progress in Neurogenetics (eds A. Barbeau and J-.R. Brunette), Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, pp. 745-751.
26. Joynt, R.J. and Green, D. (1962) Tonic seizures as a manifestation in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology, 6, 293-299.
27. Kamm, C., Mayer, P., Sharma, M. et al. (2007) New family with paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia and epilepsy. Movement Disorders, 22, 873-877.
28. Karakurum, B., Karatas, M. and Yildirim, T. (2003) Risperidone as an alternative treatment for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias. Neurological Sciences, 24, 92-93.
29. Katzenschlager, R., Costa, D., Gacinovic, S. and Lees, A.J. (2002) [ (123) I]-FP-CIT-SPECT in the early diagnosis of PD presenting as exercise-induced dystonia. Neurology, 59, 1974-1976.
30. Kertesz, A. (1967) Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis: an entity within paroxysmal choreoathetosis syndrome. Description of ten cases including one autopsied. Neurology, 17, 680-690.
31. Kikuchi, T., Nomura, M., Tomita, H. et al. (2007) Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC): confirmation of linkage to 16p11-q21, but unsuccessful detection of mutations among 157 genes at the PKC-critical region in seven PKC families. Journal of Human Genetics, 52, 334-341.
32. Lance, J.W. (1977) Familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and its differentiation from related syndromes. Annals of Neu-rology, 2, 285-293.
33. Lee, H.Y., Xu, Y., Huang, Y., Ahn, A.H. et al. (2004) The gene for paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia encodes an enzyme in a stress response pathway. Human Molecular Genetics, 13, 3161-3170.
34. Lim, E.C. and Wong, W.S. (2003) Post-traumatic paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia: case report and review of the literature. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 9, 371-373.
35. Loher, T.J., Krauss, J.K., Burgunder, J.M. et al. (2001) Chronic thalamic stimulation for treatment of dystonic paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. Neurology, 56, 268-270.
36. Lotze, T. and Jankovic, J. (2003) Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyski-nesias. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 10, 68-79.
37. Lugaresi, E. and Cirignotta, F. (1981) Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: epileptic seizure or a new syndrome? Sleep, 4, 129-138.
38. Margari, L., Presicci, A., Ventura, P. et al. (2005) Channelopathy: hypothesis of a common pathophysiologic mechanism in different forms of paroxysmal dyskinesia. Pediatric Neurology, 32, 229-235.
39. McGrath, T.M. and Dure, D.S. (2003) Paroxysmal dyskinesias in children. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 5, 275-278.
40. Mirsattari, S.M., Berry, M.E., Holden, J.K. et al. (1999) Paroxysmal dyskinesias in patients with HIV infection. Neurology, 52, 109-114.
41. Mount, L.A. and Reback, S. (1940) Familial paroxysmal chor-eoathetosis: preliminary report on a hitherto undescribed clinical syndrome. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 44, 841-847.
42. Munchau, A., Valente, E.M., Shahidi, G.A. et al. (2000) A new family with paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia and migraine: a clinical and genetic study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 68, 609-614.
43. Nardocci, N., Lamperti, E., Rumi, V. and Angelini, L. (1989) Typical and atypical forms of paroxysmal choreoathetosis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, 670-674.
44. Plant, G.T., Williams, A.C., Earl, C.J. et al. (1984) Familial paroxysmal dystonia induced by exercise. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 47, 275-279.
45. Pourfar, M.H., Guerrini, R., Parain, D. and Frucht, S.J. (2005) Classification conundrums in Paroxysmal dyskinesias: A new subtype or variations on classic themes? Movement Disorders, 20, 1047-1051.
46. Provini, F., Plazzi, G. and Lugaresi, E. (2000) From nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia to nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111 (SUPPL. 2), S2-S8.
47. Schneider, S.A. and Bhatia, K.P. (2007) Paroxysmal dyskinesias: An overview, in Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, 5th edn (eds J. Jankovic and E. Tolosa), Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 459-467.
48. Sethi, K.D., Hess, D.C., Huffnagle, V.H. and Adams, R.J. (1992) Acetazolamide treatment of paroxysmal dystonia in central demyelinating disease. Neurology, 42, 919-921.
49. Sethi, K.D. (2000) Paroxysmal Dyskinesias. The Neurologist, 6, 77-85.
50. Sethi, K.D. (2002) Paroxysmal dyskinesias, in Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, 4th edn (eds J. Jankovic and E. Tolosa), Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 430-437.
51. Spacey, S.D., Valente, E.M., Wali, G.M. et al. (2002) Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: evidence for a third EKD gene. Movement Disorders, 17, 717-725.
52. Spacey, S.D., Adams, P.J., Lam, P.C. et al. (2006) Genetic heterogeneity in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. Neurology, 66, 1588-1590.
53. Swoboda, K.J., Soong, B., McKenna, C. et al. (2000) Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and infantile convulsions: clinical and linkage studies. Neurology, 55, 224-230.
54. Szepetowski, P., Rochette, J., Berquin, P. et al. (1997) Familial infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis: a new neurological syndrome linked to the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 16. American Journal of Human Genetics, 61, 889-898.
55. Tan, N.C., Tan, A.K., Sitoh, Y.Y. et al. (2002) Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia associated with hypoglycaemia induced by an insulinoma. Journal of Neurology, 249, 1615-1616.
56. Tinuper, P., Cerullo, A., Cirignotta, F. et al. (1990) Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia with short-lasting attacks: three cases with evidence for an epileptic frontal lobe origin of seizures. Epilepsia, 31, 549-556.
57. Tomita, H., Nagamitsu, S., Wakui, K. et al. (1999) Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis locus maps to chromosome 16p11.2-q12.1. American Journal of Human Genetics 65 1688-1697.
58. Tsai, J.D., Chou, I.C., Tsai, K.J. et al. (2005) Clinical manifestation and carbamazepine treatment of patients with paroxysmal ki-nesigenic choreoathetosis. Acta Paediatr Taiwan, 46, 138-142.
59. Uberall, M.A. and Wenzel, D. (2000) Effectiveness of lamotrigine in children with paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 42, 699-700.
60. Valente, E.M., Spacey, S.D., Wali, G.M. et al. (2000) A second paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis locus (EKD2) mapping on 16q13-q22.1 indicates a family of genes which give rise to paroxysmal disorders on human chromosome 16. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 123 (PT 10), 2040-2045.
61. Wali, G.M. (1992) Paroxysmal hemidystonia induced by prolonged exercise and cold. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55, 236-237.
62. Yamada, K., Goto, S., Soyama, N. et al. (2006) Complete suppression of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia by globus palli-dus internus pallidal stimulation. Movement Disorders, 21, 576-579.
63. Zorzi, G., Conti, C., Erba, A. et al. (2003) Paroxysmal dyskinesias in childhood. Pediatric Neurology, 28, 168-172.