Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel®

Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel®

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-231

  Good, Phillip I ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890968861     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/0471741779     Document Type: Book

References (44)

1. If you're an absolute beginner, we've included an Appendix to the text to help you get started. If you already own and are familiar with some other statistics package or spreadsheet, feel free to use it instead. The objective of this text is to help you understand and make use of basic statistics principles. Excel is merely a convenient tool.
2. A trial version may be downloaded from http://www.datadesk.com/products/data_analysis/ddxl/.
3. A trial version may be downloaded from http://www.xlstat.com/download.htm.
4. The Greek letter S is pronounced "sigma".
5. Of course, there is a point at which each additional observation will cost more than it yields in information. The bootstrap described here will also help us to find the "optimal" sample size.
6. Unless, of course, we are the ones on trial.
7. 28 U.S.C.A. x1861 et. seq (1993).
8. 28 U.S.C.A. x1862 (1993).
9. I had a professor at Berkeley who wrote a great many scholarly articles on the subject of "coins that stand on edge," but then that is what professors at Berkeley do.
10. Curiously, not a single Venn diagram is to be found in John Venn's text, The Logic of Chance, published by Macmillan and Co, London, 1866, with a third edition in 1888.
11. If you want to be precise, the probability of throwing a head is probably only 0.49999, and the probability of a tail is also only 0.49999. The leftover probability of 0.00002 is the probability of all the other outcomes-the coin stands on edge, a sea gull drops down out of the sky and takes off with it, and so forth.
12. If, that is, the probability of survival is the same for every patient. When there are obvious differences from trial to trial-for example, one subject is an otherwise healthy 35-year old male and the other an elderly 89-year old who has just recovered from pneumonia this simple binomial model would not apply.
13. 435 U.S. 223, 236-237 (1978)
14. Strictly speaking, it is not the litigant but the potential juror whose rights might have been interfered with. For more on this issue, see Chapter 2 of Applying Statistics in the Courtroom, Phillip Good, Chapman and Hall, 2001.
15. For more on this issue,see Chapter 2 of Applying Statistics in the Courtroom, Phillip Good, Chapman and Hall, 2001.
16. The choice of letter used for the index is unimportant. SiPi means the same as SkPk.
17. In Section 7.8, we make use of a data mining procedure to do a market basket analysis when there are hundreds of items to choose from.
18. If the answer to this exercise is not immediately obvious-you'll find the correct answer at the end of this chapter-you should reread Chapters 1 and 2 before proceeding further.
19. If it's been a long while or never since you had calculus, note that the differential dx or dy is a meaningless index, so any letter will do, just as Sk fk means exactly the same thing as Sjfj.
20. Time is almost but not quite continuous. Modern cosmologists now believe that both time and space are discrete, with time determined only to the nearest 10-23 of a second.
21. In real life, expectations almost always exist and are finite-the expectations of ratios are a notable exception.
22. Determination of the number of relabelings, "6 choose 3" in the present case, is considered in Section 2.2.1.
23. Any bootstrap but the parametric bootstrap.
24. We need to modify our testing procedure if we suspect this to be the case; Chapter 8.
25. The idea of having a career as a consulting statistician may strike you as laughable or even distasteful. I once had a student who said he'd rather eat worms and die. Suppose then that you've eaten worms and died, only to wake to discover that reincarnation is real and that to expiate your sins in the previous life you've been reborn as a consulting statistician. I'm sure that's what must have happened in my case.
26. Macmillan, Inc. 96 F.T.C. 208 (1980).
27. 822 F. Supp. 906 (E.D.N.Y., 1993).
28. 7 Cal.3d 710, 102 Cal. Rptr.385 (1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 947.
29. 36 Cal.3d 36, 201 Cal. Rptr 782 (1984), cert. denied 469 U.S. 965, appeal to remand 236 Cal. Rptr 680, 191 Cal. App. 3d 819, appeal after remand, 236 Cal. Rptr 563, 217 Cal. App. 3d 1332.
30. Amstar Corp. v. Domino's Pizza, Inc., 205 U.S.P.Q 128 (N.D. Ga. 1979), rev'd, 615 F. 2d 252 (5th Cir. 1980).
31. A characteristic of most surrogates is that they are not one-to-one with the gold standard
32. There has been much argument among legal scholars as to whether such an approach would be an appropriate or constitutional way to select juries.
33. Title 3, C.C.P. Section 191.
34. U.S. v. Bailey, 862 F. Supp. 277 (D. Colo. 1994) aff'd in part, rev'd in part, 76 F.3d 320, cert. denied 116 S. Ct. 1889.
35. People v. Lesara, 206 Cal. App. 3d 1305, 254 Cal. Rptr. 417 (1988).
36. People v. Estrada, 93 Cal. App. 3d 76, 155 Cal. Rptr. 731 (1979).
37. 2 Cal. 4th 1, 5 Cal. Rptr.2d 495 (1992).
38. Feng et al.[2001].
39. Section 2.2.1.
40. Note that in terms of the relative survival rates of the two sexes, the first of these tables is more extreme than our original Table 6.2. The second is less extreme.
41. t is pronounced tau.
42. discussion of AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average processes used to analyze data whose values change with time.
43. The one notable exception is that it is possible to make a comparison between entire populations by permutation means.
44. A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts USGC. Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4043.