Treatment of cannabis dependence using escitalopram in combination with cognitive-behavior therapy: A double-blind placebo-controlled study

American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 16-22

  Weinstein, A M ^a,b   Miller, H ^a   Bluvstein, I ^a   Rapoport, E ^a   Schreiber, S ^a,d   Bar Hamburger, R ^c   Bloch, M ^a,d  

^a Psychiatric Department   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV SOURASKY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^c The Israel Anti Drug Authority   (Israel)

^d TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Cannabis dependence; Cognitive behavior therapy; Depression; Escitalopram; Withdrawal syndrome

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; ESCITALOPRAM; PLACEBO; CITALOPRAM; DRONABINOL; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

ABSTINENCE; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CANNABIS USE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED STATES; URINALYSIS; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; ANXIETY; COMPLICATION; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; URINE; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ANXIETY; CITALOPRAM; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DEPRESSION; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRONABINOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84890900386     PISSN: 00952990     EISSN: 10979891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2013.819362     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report, 2012. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Available at: http://unp.un.org
2. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-38A, HHS Publication No. SMA 10- 4856 Findings). Rockville, MD; 2010.
3. European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug addiction (EMCDDA) Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe EMCDDA, Lisbon, November 2012. Available at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu
4. Copeland J, Swift W, Roffman R, Stephens RS. A randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive - behavioral interventions for cannabis use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat 2001;21:55-64.
5. Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Simpson EE. Treating adult marijuana dependence: a test of the relapse prevention model. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:92-99.
6. Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Curtin L. Extended versus brief treatment for marijuana use. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000;68: 898-908.
7. Moore BA, Budney AJ. Relapse in outpatient treatment for marijuana dependence. J Sub Abuse Treat 2003;25:85-89.
8. Budney AJ, Radonovich KJ, Higgins ST, Wong CJ. Adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence: a comparison with cocainedependent treatment seekers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;6: 419-426.
9. Budney AJ, Hughes JR, Moore BA, Novy PL. Marijuana abstinence effects in mariujana smokers maintained in the home environment. Arch Gen Psychiat 2001;58:917-924.
10. Budney AJ, Moore BA, Vandrey RA, Hughes Jr. Onset, magnitude, and duration of abstinence effects following heavy marijuana use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002;66:S23.
11. Budney AJ, Hughes JR, Moore BA, Vandrey R. Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiat 2004;161:1967-1977.
12. Kouri EM, Pope HG. Abstinence symptoms during withdrawal from chronic marijuana use. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;8: 483-492.
13. Budney AJ, Hughes Jr. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Curr Opin Psychiat 2006;19:233-238.
14. Petronis KR, Samuels JF, Moscicki EK, Anthony JC. An epidemiologic investigation of potential risk factors for suicide attempts. Soc Psychiat Psychiat Epidemiol 1990;25:193-199.
15. Rowe MG, Fleming MF, Barry KL, Manwell LB, Kropp S. Correlates of depression in primary care. J Family Prac 1995;41: 551-558.
16. Deykin EY, Levy JC, Wells V. Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. Am J Public Health 1986;76:178-182.
17. Gruber AJ, Pope HG, Brown ME. Do patients use marijuana as an antidepressant? Depression 1996;4:77-80.
18. Arendt M, Rosenberg R, Fjordback L, Brandholdt J, Foldager L, Sher L, Munk-Jørgensen P. Testing the self-medication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabis-dependent subjects. Psychol Med 2007;37:935-945.
19. Hasin DS, Keyes KM, Alderson D, Wang S, Aharonovich E, Grant BF. Cannabis withdrawal in the United States: results from NESARC. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:1354-1363.
20. Levin KH, Copersino ML, Heishman SJ, Liuc F, Kelly DL, Boggs DL, Gorelick DA. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in nontreatment- seeking adult cannabis smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;111:120-127.
21. Mason BJ, Crean R, Goodell V, Light JM, Quello S, Shadan F, Buffkins K, et al. A proof-of-concept randomized controlled study of gabapentin: effects on cannabis use, withdrawal and executive function deficits in cannabis-dependent adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37:1689-1698.
22. Gray KM, Watson NL, Carpenter MJ, LaRowe SD. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in young marijuana users: an open-label pilot study. Am J Addict 2010;19:187-189.
23. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Geddes JR, Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Watanabe N, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multipletreatments meta-Analysis. The Lancet 2009;373:746-758.
24. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
25. Beck AT. Depression inventory. Philadelphia: Center for Cognitive Therapy; 1978.
26. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
27. McLellan AT, Kushner H, Metzger D, Peters R, Smith I, Grissom G, Pettinati H, Argerio M. The fifth edition of the Addiction Severity Index. J Sub Abuse Treat 1992;9:199-213.
28. Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 1989;84:1353-1357.
29. Milin R, Manion I, Dare G, Walker S. Prospective assessment of cannabis withdrawal in adolescents with cannabis dependence: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiat 2008;47:174-178.
30. Budney A, Higgins ST, Radonovich KJ, Novy PL. Adding voucherbased incentives to coping skills and motivational enhancement improves outcome during treatment for marijuana dependence. J Consulting Clin Psychol 2000;68:1051-1061.
31. Marlatt GA, Gordon Jr. Relapse prevention. New York, USA: Guilford Press; 1985.
32. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change addictive behavior. New York: Guilford Press; 1991.
33. Fisher LD, Dixon DO, Herson J, Frankowski RK, Hearron MS, Peace KE. Intention to treat in clinical trials. In: Peace KE, ed. Statistical issues in drug research and development. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1990:331-350.
34. Hart CL. Increasing treatment options for cannabis dependence: a review of potential pharmacotherapies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005;80:147-159.
35. Vandrey R, Haney M. Pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: how close are we? CNS Drugs 2009;23:543-553.
36. Haney M, Ward AS, Comer SD, Hart CL, Foltin RW, Fischman MW. Bupropion SR worsens mood during marijuana withdrawal in humans. Psychopharmacology 2001;155:171-179.
37. Haney M, Hart CL, Ward AS, Foltin RW. Nefazodone decreased anxiety during marijuana withdrawal in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;165:157-165.
38. Haney M, Hart CL, Vosburg SK, Nasser J, Bennett A, Zubaran C, Foltin RW. Marijuana withdrawal in humans: effects of oral THC or divalproex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:158-170.
39. Levin FR, McDowell D, Evans SM, Nunes E, Akerele E, Donovan S, Vosburg SK. Pharmacotherapy for marijuana dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of divalproex sodium. Am J Addict 2004;13:21-32.
40. Haney M, Hart CL, Vosburg SK, Comer SD, Reed SC, Foltin RW. Effects of THC and lofexidine in a human laboratory model of marijuana withdrawal and relapse. Psychopharmacology 2008;197: 157-168.
41. Carpenter KM, McDowell D, Brooks DJ, Cheng WY, Levin FR. A preliminary trial: double-blind comparison of nefazodone, bupropion-SR, and placebo in the treatment of cannabis dependence. Am J Addict 2009;18:53-64.
42. Haney M, Hart CL, Vosburg SK, Comer SD, Collins S, Reed SC, Cooper Z, Foltin RW. Effects of baclofen and mirtazapine on a laboratory model of marijuana withdrawal and relapse. Psychopharmacology 2010;211:233-244.
43. Budney AJ, Vandrey RG, Hughes JR, Moore BA, Bahrenburg B. Oral delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses cannabis withdrawal symptoms. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007;86:22-29.
44. Vandrey R, Smith MT, McCann UD, Budney AJ, Curran EM. Sleep disturbance and the effects of extended-release zolpidem during cannabis withdrawal. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011;117:38-44.
45. Cornelius JR, Clark DB, Bukstein OG, Bimaher B, Salloum IM, Brown SA. Acute phase and five year follow-up atusy of fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and comorbid substance abuse disorder: a review. Addict Behav 2005;30:1824-1833.
46. McRae AL, Brady KT, Carter RE. Buspirone for treatment of marijuana dependence: a pilot study. Am J Addict 2006;15:404.
47. McRae-Clark AL, Carter RE, Killeen TK, Carpenter MJ, Wahlquist AE, Simpson SA, Brady KT. A placebo-controlled trial of buspirone for the treatment of marijuana dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009;10:132-138.
48. Nordstrom BR, Levin FR. Treatment of cannabis use disorders: a review of the literature. Am J Addict 2007;16:331-342.
49. Weinstein AM, Gorelick DA. Pharmacological treatment for cannabis dependence. Curr Pharma Design 2011;17:1351-1358.
50. Cornelius JR, Buksteinb OG, Douaihy AB, Clark DB, Chung TA, Daley DC, Wood DS, Brown SJ. Double-blind fluoxetine trial in comorbid MDD-CUD youth and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;112:39-45.