Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 110, Issue 51, 2013, Pages 20657-20662

  Lautenschlager, Stephan ^a   Witmer, Lawrence M ^b   Altangerel, Perle ^c   Rayfield, Emily J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA   (Mongolia)

Author keywords

Computer modelling; Finite element analysis; Functional morphology

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BEAK; BIOMECHANICS; CARNIVORY; DINOSAUR; ERLIKOSAURUS ANDREWSI; EVOLUTION; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; HERBIVORY; MANDIBLE; MONGOLIA; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT; NECK MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; SKULL; THEROPOD DINOSAUR; UPPER CRETACEOUS;

EID: 84890853097     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310711110     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Sereno PC (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 25(1):435-489.
2. Padian K, Chiappe LM (1998) The origin and early evolution of birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 73(1):1-42.
3. Makovicky PJ, Zanno LE (2011) Theropod diversity and the refinement of avian characteristics. Living Dinosaurs, eds Dyke G, Kaiser G (John Wiley & Sons, New York), pp 9-29.
4. Zanno LE, Makovicky PJ (2011) Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(1):232-237.
5. Barrett PM (2005) The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria). Palaeontology 48(2):347-358.
6. Barrett PM, Rayfield EJ (2006) Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends Ecol Evol 21(4):217-224.
7. Zanno LE, Gillette DD, Albright LB, Titus AL (2009) A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 276(1672):3505-3511.
8. Davit-Béal T, Tucker AS, Sire JY (2009) Loss of teeth and enamel in tetrapods: Fossil record, genetic data and morphological adaptations. J Anat 214(4):477-501.
9. Louchart A, Viriot L (2011) From snout to beak: The loss of teeth in birds. Trends Ecol Evol 26(12):663-673.
10. Soons J, et al. (2012) Multi-Layered bird beaks: A finite-Element approach towards the role of keratin in stress dissipation. J R Soc Interface 9(73):1787-1796.
11. Seki Y, Mackey M, Meyers MA (2012) Structure and micro-Computed tomographybased finite element modeling of Toucan beak. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 9:1-8.
12. Zanno LE (2010) A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-Evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora). J Syst Palaeontol 8(4):503-543.
13. Russell DA, Dong Z (1993) The affinities of a new theropod from the Alxa-Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Can J Earth Sci 30(10):2107-2127.
14. Xu X, Wang X-L (1999) A therizinosauroid dinosaur with integumentary structures from China. Nature 399(6734):350-354.
15. Perle A (1981) A new segnosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontol Expedition Trans 8(15):45-55.
16. Gillette DD (2007) Therizinosaur: Mystery of the sickle-Clawed dinosaur. Plateau: Land and People of the Colorado Plateau 4(2):1-69.
17. Clark JM, Perle A, Norell MA (1994) The skull of Erlicosaurus andrewsi, a Late Cretaceous Segnosaur (Theropoda: Therizinosauridae) from Mongolia. Am Mus Novit 3115:1-39.
18. Lautenschlager S (2013) Cranial myology and bite force performance of Erlikosaurus andrewsi: A novel approach for digital muscle reconstructions. J Anat 222(2):260-272.
19. Erickson GM, et al. (1996) Bite-Force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from toothmarked bones. Nature 382(6593):706-708.
20. Rayfield EJ, et al. (2001) Cranial design and function in a large theropod dinosaur. Nature 409(6823):1033-1037.
21. Bright JA, Rayfield EJ (2011) Sensitivity and ex vivo validation of finite element models of the domestic pig cranium. J Anat 219(4):456-471.
22. Papp MJ, Witmer L (1998) Cheeks, beaks or freaks: A critical appraisal of buccal softtissue anatomy in ornithischian dinosaurs. J Vertebr Paleontol 18(3):69A.
23. Czerkas S (1999) The beaked jaw of stegosaurs and their implications for other ornithischians. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, ed Gillette DD (Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City), Vol 99, pp 143-150.
24. Norell MA, Makovicky PJ, Currie PJ (2001) Palaeontology. The beaks of ostrich dinosaurs. Nature 412(6850):873-874.
25. Kobayashi Y, Barsbold R (2005) Reexamination of a primitive ornithomimosaur, Garudimimus brevipes Barsbold, 1981 (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Can J Earth Sci 42(9):1501-1521.
26. Hieronymus T, Witmer LM (2010) Homology and evolution of avian compound rhamphothecae. Auk 127(3):590-604.
27. Richmond BG, et al. (2005) Finite element analysis in functional morphology. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 283(2):259-274.
28. Reichel M (2010) A model for the bite mechanics in the herbivorous dinosaur Stegosaurus (Ornithischia, Stegosauridae). Swiss J Geosci 103(2):235-240.
29. Snively E, Russell AP (2007) Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach. Zool J Linn Soc 151(4):759-808.
30. Mazetta GV, Cisilino AP, Blanco RE, Calvo N (2009) Cranial mechanics and functional interpretations of the horned carnivorous dinosaur Carnotaurus sastrei. J Vertebr Paleontol 29(3):822-830.
31. Zhou Z, Li FZZ (2010) A new Lower Cretaceous bird from China and tooth reduction in early avian evolution. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 277(1679):219-227.
32. Dumont ER (2010) Bone density and the lightweight skeletons of birds. Proc Biol Sci 277(1691):2193-2198.
33. Homberger DG, Brush AH (1986) Functional-Morphological and biochemical correlations of the keratinized structures in the African Grey Parrot, Psittacus erithacus (Aves). Zoomorphology 106(2):103-114.
34. Perez-Moreno BP, et al. (1994) A unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature 370(6488):363-367.
35. Ji Q, Currie PJ, Norell MA, Shu-An J (1998) Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393(6687):753-761.
36. Xu X, You H, Du K, Han F (2011) An Archaeopteryx-Like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae. Nature 475(7357):465-470.
37. Xu X, Pol D (2013) Archaeopteryx, paravian phylogenetic analyses, and the use of probability-Based methods for palaeontological datasets. J Syst Palaeontology 1-12.
38. Balanoff AM, Xu X, Kobayashi Y, Matsufune Y, Norell MA (2009) Cranial osteology of the theropod dinosaur Incisivosaurus gauthieri (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Am Mus Novit 3651:1-35.
39. Zapata U, et al. (2010) Material properties of mandibular cortical bone in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Bone 46(3):860-867.
40. Creech JE (2004) Phylogenetic character analysis of crocodylian enamel microstructure and its relevance to biomechanical performance. MS thesis (Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL).
41. Chen P-Y, et al. (2008) Structure and mechanical properties of selected biological materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 1(3):208-226.