Shaping a global sydney: The city of sydney’s planning transformation in the 1980s and 1990s

Planning Perspectives

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 347-368

  Hu, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANBERRA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Global Sydney; Thematic patterns; Transformation; Urban planning

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890801543     PISSN: 02665433     EISSN: 14664518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2012.681139     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Paul Ashton first used and popularized the term ‘accidental city’ to refer to Sydney’s urban planning practices prior to the 1980s. See Paul Ashton, The Accidental City: Planning Sydney since 1788 (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1995).
2. Robert Freestone, ‘Planning Sydney: Historical Trajectories and Contemporary Debates’, in Sydney: The Emergence of a World City, ed. John Connell (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000), 119.
3. Paul Ashton, Planning Sydney: Nine Planners Remember (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1992); Andrew Briger, ‘The Politics of Planning: The 1971 City of Sydney Strategic Plan’, in The Design of Sydney: Three Decades of Change in the City Centre, ed. G. Peter Webber (Sydney: The Law Book Company, 1988), 30-53.
4. Graeme Aplin, ‘From Colonial Village to World Metropolis’, in Sydney: The Emergence of a World City, ed. John Connell (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000), 58.
5. Susan Marsden, Urban Heritage: The Rise and Postwar Development of Australia’s Capital City Centre (Canberra: Australian Council of National Trusts and Australian Heritage Commission, 2000).
6. Shirley Fitzgerald, Sydney: A Story of a City (Sydney: City of Sydney Council, 1999).
7. Briger, ‘The Politics of Planning’.
8. Paul Ashton and Robert Freestone, ‘Town Planning’, Sydney Journal 1, no. 2 (2008): 11-23.
9. Ashton, The Accidental City.
10. Paul Ashton and Duncan Waterson, Sydney Takes Shape: A History in Maps (Brisbane: Hema Maps, 2000).
11. Bob Meyer, Lessons from Sydney’s Previous Metro Strategies (Sydney: Cox Group, 2005).
12. John McIntyre, ‘Sulman and the City Beautiful in Sydney’, in The Twentieth Century Urban Planning Experience, ed. Robert Freestone (Sydney: Faculty of the Built Environment; The University of New South Wales, 1998).
13. Peter Spearritt and Christina DeMarco, Planning Sydney’s Future (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988).
14. John Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002: Laissez-Faire and Discretionary Traditions in the Accidental City’, Progress in Planning 63, no. 1 (2005): 11-160.
15. Ashton and Freestone, ‘Town Planning’.
16. Freestone, ‘Planning Sydney’, 137.
17. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
18. Briger, ‘The Politics of Planning’.
19. Sydney City Council and NSW Department of Planning, Central Sydney Strategy 1988 (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1988), 23.
20. Glen Searle, ‘Regime, Regulation and Two Decades of Central Sydney Development’, in The Twentieth Century Urban Planning Experience, ed. Robert Freestone (Sydney: University of New South Wales, 1998), 805.
21. Stephen Hamnett and Robert Freestone, eds., The Australian Metropolis: A Planning History (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2000); Glen Searle and Richard Cardew, ‘Planning, Economic Development and the Spatial Outcomes of Market Liberalisation’, Urban Policy and Research 18, no. 3 (2000): 355-76.
22. John Rennie Short and Yeong Hyun Kim, Globalization and the City (Essex, England: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999).
23. Aplin, ‘From Colonial Village to World Metropolis’.
24. John Connell, ed., Sydney: The Emergency of a World City (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000).
25. Robert Fagan, ‘Industrial Change in the Global City: Sydney’s New Spaces of Production’, in Sydney: The Emergence of a World City, ed. John Connell (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000).
26. Peter Spearritt, Sydney’s Century: A History (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2000).
27. Bicentenary 1988 marked the first British settlement and penal colony in Australia in 1788.
28. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
29. Marsden, Urban Heritage, 59.
30. Sydney City Council and NSW Department of Planning, Central Sydney Plan: The Issues (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1987).
31. Sydney City Council and NSW Department of Planning, Central Sydney Strategy 1988.
32. Freestone, ‘Planning Sydney’, 139.
33. Searle, ‘Regime, Regulation and Two Decades of Central Sydney Development’, 809.
34. Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, 3rd ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2006), 32.
35. Glen Searle, ‘The Impacts of Contemporary Globalisation on Australian Cities’ (paper presented at the 10th biennial conference of the Association for Australian Studies, Bamberg, Germany, October 5, 2006).
36. Pauline McGuirk, ‘Neoliberalist Planning? Re-thinking and Re-casting Sydney’s Metropolitan Planning’, Geographical Research 43, no. 1 (2005): 62-3.
37. Freestone, ‘Planning Sydney’, 138.
38. Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan: The 1974-77 Statement of Objectives, Policies and Action Priorities (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1974).
39. Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1971).
40. Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan: The 1974-77 Statement of Objectives, Policies and Action Priorities (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1974).
41. Sydney City Council, The Sydney City Council’s Strategic Plan: Objectives & Action 1977-80 (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1977).
42. Constitutionally urban planning and management power rests with state governments in Australia. In the case of the City of Sydney, its jurisdictional boundary was frequently adjusted to annex or split the neighbouring South Sydney council, depending on which way better met the political benefits of the incumbent party of the state government in elections. Such jurisdictional boundary change of the City of Sydney occurred four times since the WWII.
43. Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan: The Strategy Summarised (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1971).
44. Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan, 1971; Sydney City Council, City of Sydney Strategic Plan, 1974.
45. Briger, ‘The Politics of Planning’.
46. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
47. Sydney City Council and NSW Department of Planning, Central Sydney Strategy 1988 (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1988).
48. Sydney City Council, Central Business District Study (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 1978).
49. Department of Environment and Planning NSW, Sydney into Its Third Century: Metropolitan Strategy for the Sydney Region (Sydney: Department of Environment and Planning NSW, 1988).
50. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’, 84.
51. See more on the City West development in Pyrmont Ultimo: Glen Searle, Sydney’s Urban Consolidation Experience: Power, Politics and Community (Brisbane: Urban Research Program, Griffith University, 2007); Glen Searle and Jason Byrne, ‘Selective Memories, Sanitised Futures: Constructing Visions of Future Place in Sydney’, Urban Policy and Research 20, no. 1 (2002): 7-25
52. Michael Bounds and Alan Morris, ‘Second Wave Gentrification in Inner-city Sydney’, Cities 23, no. 2 (2006): 99-108.
53. Glen Searle, Sydney as a Global City (Sydney: Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, 1996).
54. Pauline McGuirk, ‘Producing the Capacity to Govern in Global Sydney: A Multiscaled Account’, Journal of Urban Affairs 25, no. 2 (2003): 201-23
55. State, Strategy, and Scale in the Competitive City: A Neo-Gramscian Analysis of the Governance of “Global Sydney, Environment and Planning A 36, no. 4 (2004): 1019-43.
56. Glen Searle and Richard Cardew, ‘Planning, Economic Development and the Spatial Outcomes of Market Liberalisation’, Urban Policy and Research 18, no. 3 (2000): 355-76.
57. NSW Legislative Assembly Hansard, September 14, 1988, 1277.
58. Sydney City Council, ‘Background and Role of the Central Sydney Planning Committee’, http:// cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/meetingsandcommittees/CouncilCommittees/CentralSydneyPlanningCommittee.asp#BackgroundandroleoftheCentralSydneyPlanningCommittee (accessed March 1, 2006).
59. Sydney City Council, Central Sydney Planning Committee Review - Submission to the NSW Minister for Planning and Review Panel (Sydney: Sydney City Council, 2010).
60. As part of the NSW State Government’s reforms on streamlining the planning processes, Joint Regional Planning Panels (JRPP) were introduced in July 2009 to determine development applications of regional significance. The State-initiated review of the CSPC was believed to target at abolishing it, and then transferring developments above $100 million to the Minister for Planning, and imposing a JRPP for developments between $10 million and $100 million in central Sydney.
61. See Report of the Independent Review Panel: A Review of the Central Sydney Planning Committee (Sydney: NSW Department of Planning, August 2010) for more on the context, process, findings, and recommendations of the review on the CSPC.
62. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
63. Glen Searle, Sydney’s Urban Consolidation Experience: Power, Politics and Community (Brisbane: Urban Research Program, Griffith University, 2007).
64. Sydney City Council, Living City: Sydney City Council’s Blueprint for Sydney (Sydney: City of Sydney Council, 1994), 6.
65. Lucy Hughes Turnbull, Sydney: Biography of a City (Sydney: Random House Australia, 1999), 286.
66. Searle, Sydney’s Urban Consolidation Experience.
67. Short and Kim, Globalization and the City, 131.
68. Peter Murphy and Sophie Watson, Surface City: Sydney at the Millennium (Marrickville, NSW: Pluto Press Australia, 1997).
69. Frank Sartor, ‘Frank Sartor MP: State Member for Rockdale’, NSW Electorate Office, http://www. franksartor.com/file.php?file=/achievements_mayor.html (accessed December 1, 2008).
70. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
71. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
72. Ashton, Planning Sydney: Nine Planners Remember.
73. Edward Blakely and Richard Hu, Who’s Governing Sydney? (Sydney: Sydney Chamber of Commerce, 2007).
74. Punter, ‘Urban Design in Central Sydney 1945-2002’.
75. Ashton and Freestone, ‘Town Planning’, 18.
76. Beverley Kingston, A History of New South Wales (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
77. Michael Bounds, ‘Economic Restructuring and Gentrification in the Inner City’, Australian Planner 38, no. 3/4 (2001): 128-32
78. Michael Bounds and Alan Morris, ‘Second Wave Gentrification in Inner-City Sydney’, Cities 23, no. 2 (2006): 99-108.
79. Glen Searle and Michael Bounds, ‘State Powers, State Land and Competition for Global Entertainment: The Case of Sydney’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23, no. 1 (1999): 165-72.
80. Turnbull, Sydney, 320.
81. Robert Freestone, Bill Randolph and Carolyn Butler-Bowdon, eds., Talking Sydney: Population, Community and Culture in Contemporary Sydney (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2006).
82. Searle and Cardew, ‘Planning, Economic Development and the Spatial Outcomes of Market Liberalisation’.
83. See the Sydney metropolitan plans by the NSW Department of Planning, Sydney into Its Third Century (1988); Cities for the 21st Century (1994); Shaping Our Cities (1999); City of Cities: A Plan for Sydney’s Future (2005).
84. Other works on this include: Raymond Bunker and Glen Searle, ‘Seeking Certainty: Recent Planning for Sydney and Melbourne’, TPR 78, no. 5 (2007): 619-42
85. Pauline McGuirk and Phillip O’Neill, ‘Planning a Prosperous Sydney: The Challenges of Planning Urban Development in the New Urban Context’, Australian Geographer 33, no. 3 (2002): 301-16
86. Glen Searle, ‘Planning Discourses and Sydney’s Recent Metropolitan Strategies’, Urban Policy and Research 22, no. 4 (2004): 367-91.