The brink of peace: The Israeli-Syrian negotiations

The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-283

  Rabinovich, Itamar ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84890722914     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (84)

1. J. Burton and F. Dukes, eds., Conflict: Reading in Management and Resolution (New York, 1990);
2. J. Bercovitch and J. Rubin, Mediation in International Relations (New York, 1992);
3. G. Alexander and J. Holl, The Warning Problem and Missed Opportunities in Preventive Diplomacy (New York, 1997).
4. Neil Caplan, Futile Diplomacy, Vol. 3 (London, 1997), pp. 276-77.
5. See Ambassador Muïallim's interview in the Journal of Palestine Studies 26.2 (Winter 1997): 404.
6. See Orly Azulay-Katz, HaÆ ish shelo yada lenazeakh (The Man Who Could Not Win) (Tel Aviv, 1996).
7. HaÆ aretz, November 17, 1995: "40 Dakot historiot 'im Clinton" (40 Historical Minutes with Clinton), p. B2.
8. Qol Israel, July 14, 1996.
9. See Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), October 1, 1996: "Syria's Al Asad Discusses Resumption of Peace Talks."
10. Yukihiko Ikeda in conversation with an American diplomat, September 1996. B 11. See Muïallim's interview, p. 405.
11. HaÆ aretz, January 19, 1997: "Artzot Habrit le Netanyahu" (The United States to Netanyahu), p. A1.
12. FBIS, November 6, 1996: "Syria's Al Asad, Egypt's Mubarak Hold News Conference."
13. Al-Ahram (Cairo), December 28, 1996, "Interview with President Asad," p. 1.
14. HaÆ aretz, August 13, 1997: "Asad le mishlakhat Arvit me Israel" (Asad to an Arabic Delegation from Israel), p. A1.
15. HaÆ aretz, August 28, 1997: "Tik Pocket" (Pocket Case), p. B2.
16. MaÆ ariv, August 30, 1997: "Hak Barak" (MK Barak), p. 1.
17. For Egypt's position see Itamar Rabinovich, "Egypt and the Palestine Question before and after the Revolution," in Shimon Shamir, ed., Egypt from Monarchy to Republic (Oxford, 1995), pp. 325-39.
18. These differences are described in Itamar Rabinovich, The Road Not Taken (New York, 1991), pp. 65-82.
19. This process is analyzed by Safran, From War to War, who describes it as "the festering of the conflict." A different version, more sympathetic to the Arab view of the process, is Fred Khouri, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma (New York, 1968).
20. Bar Yaïacov, Israeli-Syrian Armistice, pp. 77-79.
21. For an analysis of the interplay between Syria's domestic politics and its conduct on the issue of the Israeli overland water carrier, see Itamar Rabinovich, Syria under the Baïth ( Jerusalem, 1972), pp. 94-95.
22. A particularly useful analysis of the process of deterioration leading to the Six Days War is Shimon Shamir, "The Middle East Crisis: On the Brink of War," in Daniel Dishon, ed., Middle East Record 1967 (Tel Aviv, 1971), pp. 183-204.
23. Moshe Dayan, Moshe Dayan: The Story of My Life (New York, 1976) p. 475.
24. Itamar Rabinovich, "Continuity and Change in the Baïth Regime in Syria 1967-1973," in Itamar Rabinovich and Haim Shaked, eds., From June to October (New Brunswick, N. J., 1978), pp. 219-28.
25. Dayan, Story of My Life, p. 491.
26. The best account of the Arab regimes' success in coping with the impact of the 1967 defeat is Fouad Ajami, The Arab Predicament (Cambridge, Engl., 1982).
27. See the complementary versions by Henry Kissinger, White House Years (Boston, 1979), pp. 597-617, and Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs (Boston, 1979) pp. 178-79.
28. The best account of the internal conflict within the Baïth regime in the late 1960s is Nikolaos Van Dam, The Struggle for Power in Syria (London, 1981).
29. FBIS, March 9, 1972: "Al Asad Notes Progress on Revolution Anniversary," pp. 1-15.
30. Itamar Rabinovich, "HashpaÆ at Milkhemet Yom Kipur al emdata vemedinyuta shel surya basikhsukh im Ysrael" (The October War's Impact on Syrian Position and Policy in the Conflict with Israel), in Adir Cohen and Efrat Karmon, eds., Betzel milkhemet Yom Hakipurim (In the Shadow of the October War) (Haifa, 1976), pp. 211-22.
31. See Kissinger's classic account of his negotiations with Asad in Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston, 1982), pp. 777-87.
32. Maïoz, From War to Peace Making, pp. 144-52.
33. Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, pp. 242-45.
34. Itamar Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon 1970-1983 (Ithaca and London, 1984).
35. Steven L. Spiegel, "The Carter Approach to the Arab-Israeli Dispute," in Itamar Rabinovich and Haim Shaked, eds., The Middle East and the United States (New Brunswick and London, 1986), pp. 93-117.
36. Jimmy Carter, The Blood of Abraham (Boston, 1985), p. 73.
37. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith (Toronto, 1982), pp. 285-86.
38. See the text of the Camp David accords in Appendix E to William B. Quandt, The Peace Process (Washington, D. C., and Berkeley, 1993), pp. 445-56. The book itself contains the most complete study and analysis of the accords.
39. Asad's response to the Camp David accord is vividly described by Seale, Asad of Syria, pp. 304-10.
40. For the origins of the 1982 war in Lebanon, consult ZeÆ ev Schiff and Ehud Yaïari, Israel's Lebanon War (New York, 1984).
41. David Kimche, The Last Option (London, 1991), passim.
42. Itamar Rabinovich, "Syria's Quest for a Regional Role," Woodrow Wilson Center, Working Paper 79 (Washington, D. C., December 1986).
43. For three Israeli versions of Shamir's path to Madrid, see Yitzhak Shamir, Be-sikumu shel Davar (In Conclusion) (Tel Aviv, 1995), pp. 263-91; Moshe Arens, Broken Covenant (New York, 1995); and Eithan Ben Tzur, Haderekh lashalom overet be Madrid (The Road to Peace Goes through Madrid) (Tel Aviv, 1997).
44. The efforts invested in and negotiations conducted before the Madrid conference are described in detail by the architect of the conference James A. Baker, The Politics of Diplomacy (New York, 1995), pp. 417-20, 425-28, 447-49, 454-57, 459-63, 468-69, 487-89, 500-07.
45. Lea Rabin, Our Life-His Legacy (New York, 1997).
46. Karim Pakardouni, Stillborn Peace (Beirut, 1985), pp. 71-74.
47. No text is available. I have been able to consult notes taken by one of the participants.
48. Al Manar, September 21, 1992, p. 7.
49. FBIS, September 9, 1992: "Al Asad Meets with Golan Heights Delegation," p. 41.
50. FBIS, November 31, 1992: "Hafez Al Asad Interviewed by Time Magazine," pp. 39-44.
51. FBIS, December 16, 1992: "Al Asad Inaugurates Trade Union Congress," pp. 41-47.
52. Qol Israel, September 9, 1992.
53. FBIS, September 10, 1992: "Rabin Denies Map Drawn," pp. 18-20.
54. FBIS, October 27, 1992: "Rabin Delivers Political Address to Knesset," pp. 30-33.
55. Martin Indyk, Dual Containment, Washington Institute lecture, May 18, 1993.
56. Transcript of the president's script, March 1995, courtesy of AIPAC.
57. New York Times, May 11, 1993: "Full Peace for Full Withdrawal," p. A21.
58. Al-Wasat, May 10, 1993: "Interview with President Asad," pp. 12-20w.
59. FBIS, August 16, 1993: "Al Safir Interviews President Asad," pp. 53-58.
60. New York Times, September 11, 1993: "Clinton Says Support of Israel Will Not Waver," p. 1.
61. HaÆ aretz, April 22, 1994: "Rabin: LemaÆ an Shalom mutar lehorid yishuvim bagolan" (For the Sake of Peace It Is Permissible to Dismantle Settlements in the Golan), p. A1.
62. Anthony Lake, "Conceptualizing U.S. Strategy in the Middle East," Washington Institute lecture, May 17, 1994.
63. FBIS, September 9, 1994: "Rabin Comments on Golan at Cabinet Meeting," pp. 36-37.
64. FBIS, October 4, 1994: "Rabin Speaks at Opening of Winter Knesset Session," pp. 41-45.
65. FBIS, September 12, 1994: "Al Asad Addresses People's Assembly," pp. 41-48.
66. FBIS, October 4, 1994: "Al SharïAddresses UN General Assembly," pp. 59-60.
67. Part of a letter addressed to me in my capacity as Israeli ambassador to Washington.
68. Congressional Record, Senate, July 1994.
69. FBIS, June 2, 1995: "Al Asad, Mubarak Hold News Conference," pp. 50-52.
70. Radio Damascus, July 10, 1995.
71. Al-Ahram, October 11, 1995: "Interview with President Asad," p. 1.
72. Jerusalem Post, December 19, 1995: "Peres: No Precondition for Renewing Negotiation with Syria," p. 1.
73. HaÆ aretz, January 7, 1996: "Ross: 'Be shisha Yamim . . .'" (Ross: In Six Days . . .), p. A6.
74. FBIS, December 26, 1995: "Mubarak, Al Asad Hold News Conference," pp. 21-24.
75. FBIS, February 29, 1996: "Syria: Bombings in Israel 'Condemned'. Seen as Lesson for Peace," p. 46.
76. Patrick Seale, "Asad's Regional Strategy and the Challenge from Netanyahu," Journal of Palestine Studies 26.1 (Fall 1997), pp. 27-42. CONCLUSION 1. Daniel Pipes, "Just Kidding," New Republic, January 8 and 15, 1996, pp. 18-19.
77. See Muïallim's interview in Journal of Palestine Studies 26.2 (Winter 1997): 401.
78. MaÆ ariv, December 12, 1997: "Kakh Fisfasnu et hashalom im Surya" (This Is How We Missed the Peace with Syria), section 2, pp. 1-3.
79. HaÆ aretz (English edition) October 24, 1997: "A Believer in the Road already Traveled," section 2, p. 5.
80. Patrick Seale, "Asad's Regional Strategy and the Challenge from Netanyahu," Journal of Palestine Studies 26.1 (Fall 1997), p. 36.
81. For intervening mediation by a superpower, see Saadia Touval, "The Superpowers as Mediators," in J. Bercovitch and J. Rubin, eds., Mediation in International Relations (New York, 1992), pp. 232-48.
82. Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations (New York, 1993).
83. IDF Radio, August 14, 1997.
84. FBIS, August 12, 1997: "Syria: Al Asad Discussed Peace with Israeli Arabs."