Investigation and characterization of lignin precipitation in the lignoboost process

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 77-97

  Zhu, Weizhen ^a   Westman, Gunnar ^a   Theliander, Hans ^a  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

1H NMR spectra; Black liquor; Carbohydrates analysis; Ion strength; Kraft lignin; Molecular weight; PH; Precipitation

Indexed keywords

BLACK LIQUOR; H NMR SPECTRA; ION STRENGTHS; KRAFT LIGNIN; LIGNIN CONCENTRATION; OVERALL EFFICIENCY; PHENOLIC HYDROXYL; PROCESS CONDITION;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PH; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL);

LIGNIN;

EID: 84890691667     PISSN: 02773813     EISSN: 15322319     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2013.838267     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Sudo, K.; Shimizu, K. A new carbon fiber from lignin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1992, 44(1), 127-134.
2. Tomani, P. The Lignoboost process. Cellulose Chem. Technol. 2010, 44(1-3), 53-58.
3. Wallmo, H. Lignin extraction from black liquor: Precipitation, filtration andwashing. Ph.D thesis; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2008.
4. Theliander, H. Withdrawing lignin from black liquor by precipitation, filtration and washing. Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference; Stockholm, Sweden, March 2008, 11-14.
5. Öhman, F.; Theliander, H. Filtration properties of lignin precipitated from kraft black liquor. Tappi. 2007, 6(7), 3-9.
6. Öhman, F.; Theliander, H. Washing lignin precipitated from kraft black liquor. Paperi J. Puu. 2006, 88(5), 287-292.
7. Öhman, F.; Wallmo, H.; Theliander, H. An improved method for washing lignin precipitated from kraft black liquor: The key to a new biofuel. Filtration. 2007, 7(4), 309-315.
8. Öhman, F.; Wallmo, H.; Theliander, H. A novel method for washing lignin precipitated from kraft black liquor: Laboratory trials. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 2007, 22(1), 9-16.
9. Wallmo, H.; Theliander, H.; Richards, T. Lignin precipitation from kraft black liquors: Kinetics and carbon dioxide absorption. Paperi J. Puu. 2007, 89(7-8), 436-442.
10. Wallmo, H.; Theliander, H.; Jönsson, A.-S.; Wallberg, O.; Lindgren, K. The influence of hemicelluloses during the precipitation of lignin in kraft black liquor. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 2009, 24(2), 165-171.
11. Alén, R.; Patja, P.; Sjöstrom, E. Carbon dioxide precipitation of lignin from pine kraft black liquor. Tappi. 1979, 62(11), 108-110.
12. Alén, R.; Sjöström, E.; Vaskikari, P. Carbon dioxide precipitation of lignin from alkaline pulping liquors. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. 1985, 19(5), 537-541.
13. Uloth, V.C.; Wearing, J.T. Kraft lignin recovery: Acid precipitation versus ultrafiltration. Part II: Technology and economics. Pulp Pap. Can. 1989, 9034-37.
14. Uloth, V.C.; Wearing, J.T. Kraft lignin recovery: Acid precipitation versus ultrafiltration. Part I. Laboratory test results. Pulp Pap. Can. 1989, 9067-71.
15. Theliander, H. The lignoboost process: Solubility of lignin. International Chemical Recovery Conference; Williamsburg, VA, USA, March 29-April 1, 2010, 233-42.
16. Wada, S.; Iwamida, T.; Iijima, R.; Yabe, K. The bonds between thiolignin and synthetic rubber. VII. Fractional precipitation of thiolignin and reinforcement of styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) with each fraction. The Chemistry of High Polymers (Japan) 1962, 19699.
17. Evstigneev, E.I. Factors affecting lignin solubility. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2011, 841040-1045.
18. Fengel, D.; Wegener, G.; Feckl, J. Beitrag zur charakterisierung analytischer und technischer lignine. Holzforschung. 1981, 35(3), 111-118.
19. Sundin, J. Precipitation of kraft lignin under alkaline conditions. Ph.D thesis; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
20. Theander, O.; Westerlund, E. A. Studies on dietary fiber. 3. Improved procedures for analysis of dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1986, 34(2), 330-336.
21. Dence, C.W. The determination of lignin. In Methods in Lignin Chemistry; Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany, 1992; 33-58.
22. Janson, J. Analysis of the polysaccharides in wood and pulp. Faserforschung und Textiltechnik. 1974, 25(9), 375-382.
23. Wigell, A.; Brelid, H.; Theliander, H. Degradation/dissolution of softwood hemicellulose during alkaline cooking at different temperatures and alkali concentrations. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 2007, 22, 488-494.
24. Lundquist, K. Proton (1H)NMRspectroscopy. In Methods in Lignin Chemistry; Lin, S.Y.; Dence, C.W., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany, 1992, 242-247.
25. Musha, Y.G.D. Klason and acid-soluble lignin content of hardwoods. Wood Science. 1974, 7, 133-134.
26. Labidi, J.; Tejado, A.; Pena, C.; Angulo, V.; Jimenez, L. Isolation and characterisation of lignins from different black liquors. 5th International Conference on Non-wood Fiber Pulping and Papermaking, Guangzhou, China, November 8-10, 2006, 320-324.
27. Norgren, M.; Lindström, B. Dissociation of phenolic groups in kraft lignin at elevated temperatures. Holzforschung. 2000, 54(5), 519.
28. Öhman, F.; Wallmo, H.; Theliander, H. Precipitation and filtration of lignin from black liquor of different origin. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 2007, 22(2), 188-193.
29. El Mansouri, N.E.; Yuan, Q.; Huang, F. Synthesis and characterization of kraft lignin based epoxy resins. BioResources. 2011, 6(3), 2492-2503.
30. Lundquist, K. 1H NMR spectral studies of lignins: Results regarding the occurrence of beta- 5 structures, beta-beta structures, non-cyclic benzyl aryl ethers, carbonyl groups and phenolic groups. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 1992, 6(1), 4-816.
31. Lundquist, K. 1H NMR spectral studies of lignins: Quantitative estimates of some types of structural elements. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 1991, 6(3), 140-146.
32. Li, S.; Lundquist, K. A new method for the analysis of phenolic groups in lignins by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. 1994, 9(3), 191-195.
33. Gellerstedt, G. Chemistry of pulping. In The Ljungberg Textbook Cellulose Technology; Gellerstedt, G., Ed.; Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology: Stockholm, 2008, 8-10.
34. Gellerstedt, G.; Lindfors, E.-L. Structural changes in lignin during kraft pulping. Holzforschung. 1984, 38(3), 151-158.
35. Mörck, R.; Reimann, A.; Kringstad, K.P. Fractionation of kraft lignin by successive extraction with organic solvents. III. Fractionation of kraft lignin from birch. Holzforschung-International Journal of the Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Wood. 1988, 42(2), 111-116.
36. Mörck, R.; Yoshida, H.; Kringstad, K.P.; Hatakeyama, H. Fractionation of kraft lignin by successive extraction with organic solvents. I. Functional groups, 13C NMR-spectra and molecular weight distributions. Holzforschung. 1986, 40(Supplement issue), 51-56.
37. Toledano, A.; Serrano, L.; Garcia, A.; Mondragon, I.; Labidi, J. Comparative study of lignin fractionation by ultrafiltration and selective precipitation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010, 157(1), 93-99.
38. Sjöström, E. Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications; Gulf Professional Publishing: San Diego, 1993.
39. Larsson, S.; Miksche, G.E. Gaschromatographische analyse von ligninoxydationsprodukten. IV. Zur struktur des lignins der birke. Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 1971, 25647-662.
40. Mörck, R.; Kringstad, K.P. 13C-NMR spectra of kraft lignins II. Kraft lignin acetates. Holzforschung. 1985, 39(2), 109-119.
41. Robert,D. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. In Methods in Lignin Chemistry; Lin, S.; Dence, C., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1992, 250-273.
42. Faix, O.; Argyropoulos, D.S.; Robert, D.; Neirinck, V. Determination of hydroxyl groups in lignins evaluation of 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, FTIR and wet chemical methods. Holzforschung. 1994, 48(5), 387-394.
43. Ralph, J.; Landucci, L. L.NMR of lignins. In Lignin and Lignans: Advances in Chemistry; Heitner, C.; Dimmel, D.R.; Schmidt, J.A., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2010, 137-243.
44. Choi, J.W.; Faix, O. NMR study on residual lignins isolated from chemical pulps of beech wood by enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2011, 17(1), 25-28.
45. Meier, H. Studies on hemicelluloses from pine (Pinus silvestris L.). Acta Chem. Scandinavia. 1958, 12, 1911-1918.