Dust measurement of two organophosphorus flame retardants, resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RBDPP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenylphosphate) (BPA-BDPP), used as alternatives for BDE-209

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 47, Issue 24, 2013, Pages 14434-14441

  Brandsma, Sicco H ^a   Sellström, Ulla ^b   De Wit, Cynthia A ^b   De Boer, Jacob ^a   Leonards, Pim E G ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHERS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHERS (BDE209); ELECTRONIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS; MICROENVIRONMENTS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; TECHNICAL MIXTURES; TECHNICAL PRODUCTS;

AUTOMOBILE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; ETHERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; MIXTURES; PHENOLS;

DUST;

4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; BISPHENOL A BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHATE); DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DIPHENYL ETHER DERIVATIVE; FLAME RETARDANT; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND; RESORCINOL BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHATE); RESORCINOL DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DUST; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; INDOOR AIR; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PHENOLIC COMPOUND;

ARTICLE; CAR DUST; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DUST; DUST EXPOSURE; ELECTRONIC DUST; ELECTRONICS; FURNITURE; FURNITURE DUST; GREECE; HOUSE DUST; HUMAN; MICROENVIRONMENT; NETHERLANDS; SWEDEN;

GREECE; NETHERLANDS; SWEDEN;

AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; BENZHYDRYL COMPOUNDS; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUROPE; FLAME RETARDANTS; HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HUMANS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MOTOR VEHICLES; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PHENOLS; REFERENCE STANDARDS; RESORCINOLS;

EID: 84890619971     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es404123q     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. BSEF, BrominatedScience and Environmental Forum, 2010. http://www.BSEF.com.
2. Hites, R. A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: A meta-analysis of concentrations Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 945-956
3. Fängström, B.; Strid, A.; Grandjean, P.; Weihe, P.; Bergman, A. A retrospective study of PBDEs and PCBs in human milk from the Faroe Islands Environ. Health 2005, 4, 12
4. Schecter, A.; Päpke, O.; Tung, K. C.; Joseph, J.; Harris, T. R.; Dahlgren, J. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the U.S. Population: Current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2005, 47, 199-211
5. She, J.; Holden, A.; Sharp, M.; Tanner, M.; Williams-Derry, C.; Hooper, K. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from the Pacific Northwest Chemosphere 2007, 67, S307-317
6. Boon, J. P.; Lewis, W. E.; Tjoen-a-Choy, M.; Allchin, C. R.; Law, R. J.; de Boer, J.; ten Hallers-Tjabbes, C.; Zegers, B. N. (2002). Levels of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) in animals representing different trophic levels of the North Sea Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 4025-4032
7. What are FRs? Flame Retardant Market Statistics. European Flame Retardants Association. Cefic, (2011. www.cefic-efra.eu (accessed November 11, 2011).
8. Flame Retardants: Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate and Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; EHC 209; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
9. Halogenated Phosphate Esters Fact Sheets, 2013. European Flame Retardants Association. http://www.cefic-efra.com/images/stories/factsheet/ 2HalogenatedPhosphateEstersFactSheetAB-1-00.pdf.
10. Marklund, A.; Andersson, B.; Haglund, P. Screening of organophosphorus compounds and their distribution in various indoor environments Chemosphere 2003) 53, 1137-1146
11. Van den Eede, N.; Dirtu, A. C.; Neels, H.; Covaci, A. Analytical developments and preliminary assessment of human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants from indoor dust Environ. Intern. 2011, 37, 454-461
12. Brommer, S.; Harrad, S.; Van den Eede; Covaci, A. Concentrations of organophosphate esters and brominated flame retardants in German indoor dust samples J. Environ. Monit. 2012, 14, 2482-2487
13. Ali, N.; Dirtu, A. C.; Van den Eede, N.; Goosey, E.; Harrads, S.; Neels, H.; 't Mannetje, A.; Jonathan, C.; Douwes, J.; Covanci, A. Occurence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment Chemosphere 2012, 88, 1276-1282
14. Ali, N.; Ali, L.; Mehdi, T.; Dirtu, A. C.; Al-Shammari, F.; Neels, H.; Covaci, A. Levels and profiles of organochlorines and flame retardants in car and house dust from Kuwait and Pakistan: Implication for human exposure via dust ingestion Environ. Intern. 2013, 55, 62-70
15. Decabromodiphenylether: An Investigation of Non-Halogen Substitutes in Electronic Enclosure and Textile Applications, 2005. Lowell Center for Sustainable Production (LCSP). http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/ DecaBDESubstitutesFinal4-15-05.pdf.
16. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Chemical Action Plan: Final Plan, 2006. Washington State, Department of Ecology and Department of Health. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0507048.pdf.
17. Matsukami, H.; Honda, M.; Nakamura, A.; Takasuga, T. Analysis of Monomeric and Oligomeric Phosphate Esters in Indoor Air and House Dust by GC-MS and LC-MS. Extended abstract (Poster). Fifth International Symposium on Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR2010), April 7-9, 2010, Kyoto, Japan.
18. Waaijers, S. L.; Kong, D.; Hendriks, H. S.; de Wit, C. A.; Cousins, I. T.; Westerink, R. H.; Leonards, P. E. G.; Kraak, M. H.; Admiraal, W.; de Voogt, P.; Parsons, J. R. Persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of halogen-free flame retardants Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2013, 22, 1-71
19. Thuresson, K.; Bjorklund, J. A.; de Wit, C. A. Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironment 1: Levels and profiles Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 414, 713-721
20. Rodil, R.; Quintana, J. B.; Reemstra, T. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of nonionic organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in wastewater samples Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 3083-3089
21. Bergh, C.; Luongo, G.; Wise, S.; Ostman, C. Organophosphate and phthalate esters in standard reference material 2585 organic contaminants in house dust Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402, 51-59
22. Brandsma, S. H.; de Boer, J.; Cofino, W. P.; Covaci, A.; Leonards, P. E. G. Organophosphorus flame-retardant and plasticizer analysis, including recommendations from the first worldwide interlaboratory study TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 43, 217-228
23. Levchik, S. V.; Weil, E. D. A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame retardants J. Fire Sci. 2006, 24, 345-364
24. Kemmlein, S.; Hahn, O.; Jann, O. Emissions of organophosphate and brominated flame retardants from selected consumer products and building materials Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 5485-5493
25. Brandsma, S. H.; van Velzen, M.; de Boer, J.; Leonards, P. E. G. Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and Plasticizers in house and car dust and the influence of electronic equipment, 2013, in press.
26. Bergh, C.; Torgrip, R.; Emenius, G.; Ostman, C. Organophosphate and phthalate esters in air and settled dust-A multi-location indoor study Indoor Air 2010, 21, 67-76
27. Stapleton, H. M.; Allen, J. G.; Konstantinov, A.; Klosterhaus, S.; Watkins, D.; McClean, D. M.; Webster, T. F. Alternative and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust Eviron. Sci. Technol. 2008, 18, 6910-6916
28. Kajiwara, N.; Noma, Y.; Takigami, H. Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in seleceted consumer products on the Japanese market in 2008 J. Hazerd Matter. 2011, 192, 1250-1259
29. Jones-Otazo, H. A.; Clarke, J. P.; Diomond, M. L.; Archbold, J. A.; Ferguson, G.; Harner, T.; Richardson, G. M.; Ryan, J. J.; Wilford, B. Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of urban fate and human exposure of PBDEs Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5121-5129