A compact theory of federalism: Can the canadian federal experience provide lessons for Cyprus?

Cyprus Review

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 19-32

  Gagnon, Alain G ^a   Erk, Can ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84890597641     PISSN: 10152881     EISSN: 25478974     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Gibbins, R. (1987) 'Federal Societies, Institutions, and Politics', in Bakvis, H. and Chandler, W. (eds.), Federalism and the Role of the State, Toronto, University of Toronto Press: Buffalo and London.
2. Waite, P.B. (1963) The Confederal Debates in the province of Canada, 1865, p.40
3. Quoted in Williams, C. H. (1995) 'A Requiem for Canada?', in Smith, G. (ed.), Federalism: The Multiethnic Challenge. London and New York: Longman.
4. For a detailed study, see Alain G. Gagnon and Mary Beth Montcalm, Quebec: Beyond the Quiet Revolution, passim.
5. Dumont, F. Genese de la sociéteé québécoise. Montréal: Boréal.
6. Livingston, W. S. (1952) 'A Note on the Nature of Federalism', Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 67, pp. 81-95.
7. Bashevkin, S. (1982) 'Solitudes in Collision? Pan-Canadian and Quebec Nationalist Attitudes in the late 1970s'. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 3-24.
8. Erk, C. (1996) Federalism; An Ideal or the 'Second Best? Unpublished Manuscript, McGill University: Montreal, Canada.
9. This statement should not imply that there is a consensus on the functional benefits of a unitary nation-state. Instead it points out to the perceived advantages of such a unitary arrangement. This intellectual tradition that associates size and centrality with wealth and power can be traced back to Adam Smith and Jean Bodin. However, there are some who dispute this line of argument and believe that the competition inherent in federalism leads to efficiency, and therefore federalism is the most desirable form of governance. For example, see Albert Breton's contribution to Macdonald Commission Report, Albert Breton, "Supplementary Statement to the Report", in the Report of the Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, Volume 3, Minister of Supply and Services, Canada: Ottawa, 1985.
10. For example in an article on Australian federalism Galligan argues that "fed-eralism works best for countries like Australia that are uniformly liberal, democratic and there are only incidental cultural and sociological differences that are not regionally based", Galligan, B. (1989) 'Federal Theory and Australian Federalism, A Political Science Perspective', in Galligan, B. (ed.), Australian Federalism, Longman Chesire: Melbourne. Watts uses a similar logic when he states that the multi-ethnic federations are the hardest to sus tain, Watts, R. (1994) 'Contemporary Views on Federalism', in Bertus de Villiers (ed.), Evaluating Federal Systems, Martinus Nijhoff: Dordrecht, Boston and London.
11. Robinson, I. and Simeon, R. (1994) 'The Dynamics of Canadian Federalism', in Bickerton and Gagnon (eds.) Canadian Politics. Second Edition, Peterborough, Ontario. Broadview Press.
12. Gibbins, R. (1987) 'Federal Societies, Institutions, and Politics', in Bakvis, H. and Chandler, W. M. (eds.) Federalism and the Role of the State. University of Toronto Press: Toronto, Buffalo and London, pp. 16-17.
13. Robinson, I. and Simeon, R. (1994) 'The Dynamics of Canadian Federalism', in Bickerton, J. and Gagnon, A.G. Ibid. pp. 371-3.
14. Sabetti, F. (1980) Covenant Language in Canada: Continuity and Change in Political Discourse. Center for the Study of Federalism, Temple University: Philadelphia, p.6.
15. See Gagnon, A.G. (1989) 'Canadian Federalism: A Working Balance' in Murray Forsyth (e.d.), Federalism and Nationalism. Leicester University Press. Leicester, pp. 147-168.
16. Weaver, R. K. (1992) 'Political Institutions and Canada's Constitutional Crisis' in The Collapse of Canada? Washington D.C., The Brookings Institution, 9.
17. Also mentioned in Duchacek, I. (1970) Comparative Federalism: The Territorial Dimension of Politics, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. p. 192.
18. Grodgins, M. (1966) The American System: A New View of Government in the United States, Stokie, Illinois, Rand McNally, p. 327
19. lvo Duchacek, op. cit. p.192.
20. Watts, R. (1970) Multicultural Societies and Federalism, Studies of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Ottawa, Information Canada, 15. This suggests that if a political system fails to meet these important requirements the solution available may be sheer independence. The last decade in Canada suggests that Quebec may choose this option in the foreseeable future. See, Gagnon, A.G. and Rocher, F. (eds.) Repliques aux detracteurs de la souverainete du Quebec, Montreal, VLB Editeur, in which 29 authors examine the appropriateness of following such a course of action.
21. Vipond, R.C. (1991) argues in Liberty and Community: Canadian Federalism and the Failure of the Constitution, Albany, State University of New York Press,
22. Silver, A. L. (1982) in The French-Canadian Idea of Confederation 1864-1900. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
23. Coveil, M.(1987) 'Federalization and Federalism: Belgium and Canada' in Bakvis, H. and Chandler W. M. (eds.), Federalism and the Role of the State, Toronto University, Toronto Press, p. 76.
24. Dicey A.V. (1908) Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. London, Macmillan, p. 141.
25. See Gagnon, A.G. 'Canadian Federalism: A Working Balance' in Forsyth, M. (ed.), Nationalism and Federalism. Leicester, Leicester University Press, pp.160-163.
26. See, Kwavnick, D. (1973) (ed.) The Tremblay Report: Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems, Ottawa. McClelland and Stewart, p. 209 and p. 215.
27. Trudeau, P. E. (1968) Federalism and the French Canadians, Toronto, Macmillan, pp. 193-194.
28. For a more detailed analysis, see Corry, J. A. (1978) 'The Uses of a Constitution', in The Constitution and the Future of Canada Special Lectures of the Law Society of Upper Canada, Toronto: Richard De Boo, pp. 1-15.
29. Banting, K. and Simeon, R. (1985) 'Introduction: The Politics of Constitutional Change' in Redesigning the State: The Politics of Constitutional Change in Industrial Nations. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, p. 20.
30. Regomaad Wjotaler. A Sovereign Idea: Essays on Canada as a Democratic Community, p. 167.
31. M. J. C. Vile, (1977) 'Federal Theory and the "New Federalism"', in Politics: Journal of the Australian Political Studies Association.
32. Smith, B.C. (1985) Decentralization: The Territorial of the State London, George Allen & Unwin, p. 15. Cf.
33. Gagnon has dealt more fully with this question in 'Everything Old is New Again: Canada, Quebec, and Constitutional Impasse', in Abele, F. (1991) (ed.), How Ottawa Spends 1991: The Politics of Fragmentation. Ottawa, Carleton University Press, pp. 63-105.
34. Gagnon, A. C. 'Quebec's Quest for a Nation-State', Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1., p. 28.