메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 110-126

Anatomy of Protest in the Digital Era: A Network Analysis of Twitter and Occupy Wall Street

Author keywords

diffusion; Network analysis; Occupy Wall Street; scale shift; social media; social movements; social networking; Twitter

Indexed keywords


EID: 84890565831     PISSN: 14742837     EISSN: 14742829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14742837.2013.830969     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (192)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 84859259810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reform, rupture or re-imagination: Understanding the purpose of an occupation
    • Aitchison, G. (2011). Reform, rupture or re-imagination: Understanding the purpose of an occupation. Social Movement Studies, 10, 431-439.
    • (2011) Social Movement Studies , vol.10 , pp. 431-439
    • Aitchison, G.1
  • 2
    • 78650287044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seems stupid until you try it: Press coverage of Twitter, 2006-9
    • Arceneaux, N., & Weiss, A. S. (2010). Seems stupid until you try it: Press coverage of Twitter, 2006-9. New Media & Society, 12, 1262-1279. 10.1177/1461444809360773.
    • (2010) New Media & Society , vol.12 , pp. 1262-1279
    • Arceneaux, N.1    Weiss, A.S.2
  • 3
    • 79957931221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of social ties on coalition strength and effectiveness: The case of the battered women's movement in St Louis
    • Arnold, G. (2011). The impact of social ties on coalition strength and effectiveness: The case of the battered women's movement in St Louis. Social Movement Studies, 10, 131-150. 10.1080/14742837.2011.562360.
    • (2011) Social Movement Studies , vol.10 , pp. 131-150
    • Arnold, G.1
  • 4
    • 80052603240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: The impact of social networking tools on political change in Egypt's "Revolution 2.0"
    • Attia, A. M., Aziz, N., Friedman, B., & Elhusseiny, M. F. (2011). Commentary: The impact of social networking tools on political change in Egypt's "Revolution 2.0". Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10, 369-374. 10.1016/j.elerap.2011.05.003.
    • (2011) Electronic Commerce Research and Applications , vol.10 , pp. 369-374
    • Attia, A.M.1    Aziz, N.2    Friedman, B.3    Elhusseiny, M.F.4
  • 5
    • 55849119515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online networks of student protest: The case of the living wage campaign
    • Biddix, J. P., & Park, H. W. (2008). Online networks of student protest: The case of the living wage campaign. New Media & Society, 10, 871-891. 10.1177/1461444808096249.
    • (2008) New Media & Society , vol.10 , pp. 871-891
    • Biddix, J.P.1    Park, H.W.2
  • 6
    • 84890557000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PeopleBrowsr names Andrew Grill as the UK CEO
    • Retrieved from
    • Charlton, J. (2011). PeopleBrowsr names Andrew Grill as the UK CEO. Retrieved from http://blog.peoplebrowsr.com/category/peoplebrowsr-uk/.
    • (2011)
  • 7
    • 80052592709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discourses of technology and liberation: State aid to net activists in an era of "Twitter Revolutions"
    • Christensen, C. (2011). Discourses of technology and liberation: State aid to net activists in an era of "Twitter Revolutions". Communication Review, 14, 233-253. 10.1080/10714421.2011.597263.
    • (2011) Communication Review , vol.14 , pp. 233-253
    • Christensen, C.1
  • 8
    • 84890568762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • #OCCUPYWALLSTREET: A shift in revolutionary tactics
    • Culture Jammers HQ, Retrieved from
    • Culture Jammers HQ. (2011). #OCCUPYWALLSTREET: A shift in revolutionary tactics. Adbusters. Retrieved from http://www.adbusters.org/blogs/adbusters-blog/occupywallstreet.html.
    • (2011) Adbusters
  • 10
    • 84863337087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wealth, income and power
    • Retrieved from
    • Domhoff, G. W. (2006). Wealth, income and power. Retrieved from http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html.
    • (2006)
  • 12
    • 79957548607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Twitter devolution
    • Retrieved from
    • Esfandiari, G. (2010). The Twitter devolution. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/07/the_twitter_revolution_that_wasnt.
    • (2010) Foreign Policy
  • 14
    • 78651112608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter status updating, Fall 2009
    • Retrieved from
    • Fox, S., Zickuhr, K., & Smith, A. (2009). Twitter status updating, Fall 2009. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/17-Twitter-and-Status-Updating-Fall-2009.aspx.
    • (2009) Pew Internet and American Life Project
    • Fox, S.1    Zickuhr, K.2    Smith, A.3
  • 15
    • 84868304807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupy online: How cute old men and Malcolm X recruited 400,000 US users to OWS on Facebook
    • Gaby, S., & Caren, N. (2012). Occupy online: How cute old men and Malcolm X recruited 400,000 US users to OWS on Facebook. Social Movement Studies, 11, 367-374. 10.1080/14742837.2012.708858.
    • (2012) Social Movement Studies , vol.11 , pp. 367-374
    • Gaby, S.1    Caren, N.2
  • 16
    • 0004218798 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge,: Cambridge University Press
    • Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Talking politics
    • Gamson, W.A.1
  • 17
    • 84935519209 scopus 로고
    • Media discourse and public-opinion on nuclear power - A constructionist approach
    • Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public-opinion on nuclear power - A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1-37. 10.1086/229213.
    • (1989) American Journal of Sociology , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-37
    • Gamson, W.A.1    Modigliani, A.2
  • 19
    • 78649488592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small change: Why the revolution will not be Tweeted
    • Retrieved from, October
    • Gladwell, M. (2010, October). Small change: Why the revolution will not be Tweeted. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell.
    • (2010) The New Yorker
  • 20
    • 84879182291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadcasters and hidden influentials in online protest diffusion
    • González-Bailón, S., Borge-Holthoefer, J., & Moreno, Y. (2013). Broadcasters and hidden influentials in online protest diffusion. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 943-965. 10.1177/0002764213479371.
    • (2013) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.57 , Issue.7 , pp. 943-965
    • González-Bailón, S.1    Borge-Holthoefer, J.2    Moreno, Y.3
  • 21
    • 79958012723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Twitter for promotion and branding: A content analysis of local television Twitter sites
    • Greer, C. F., & Ferguson, D. A. (2011). Using Twitter for promotion and branding: A content analysis of local television Twitter sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 55, 198-214. 10.1080/08838151.2011.570824.
    • (2011) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.55 , pp. 198-214
    • Greer, C.F.1    Ferguson, D.A.2
  • 22
    • 4243180814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to social network methods
    • Retrieved from
    • Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Retrieved from http://faculty.ucr.edu/hanneman/nettext/.
    • (2005)
    • Hanneman, R.A.1    Riddle, M.2
  • 23
    • 84858600252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective action on the web: A cross-cultural study of social networking sites and online and offline activism in the United States and Latin America
    • Harlow, S., & Harp, D. (2012). Collective action on the web: A cross-cultural study of social networking sites and online and offline activism in the United States and Latin America. Information Communication & Society, 15, 196-216. 10.1080/1369118x.2011.591411.
    • (2012) Information Communication & Society , vol.15 , pp. 196-216
    • Harlow, S.1    Harp, D.2
  • 25
    • 84893489211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obama's Twitter forum gets thousands of tweets
    • Retrieved from, July 7
    • Marinucci, C. (2011, July 7). Obama's Twitter forum gets thousands of tweets. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f = /c/a/2011/07/06/MNQH1K72JL.DTL.
    • (2011) San Francisco Chronicle
  • 28
    • 77950921640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iran: Downside to the "Twitter Revolution"
    • Morozov, E. (2009). Iran: Downside to the "Twitter Revolution". Dissent, 56, 10-14.
    • (2009) Dissent , vol.56 , pp. 10-14
    • Morozov, E.1
  • 32
    • 84890556811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iran: Downside to the Twitter revolution
    • Retrieved from
    • Palfrey, J., Etling, B., & Faris, R. (2009). Iran: Downside to the Twitter revolution. The Washington Post. Retrieved from www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/19/AR2009061901598.html.
    • (2009) The Washington Post
    • Palfrey, J.1    Etling, B.2    Faris, R.3
  • 33
    • 84880957848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protesters look for ways to feed the web
    • Retrieved from
    • Preston, J. (2011). Protesters look for ways to feed the web. New York Times. Retrieved from http://cult320.onmason.com/files/2012/08/Occupy-Movement-Focuses-on-Staying-Current-on-Social-Networks-NYTimes.pdf.
    • (2011) New York Times
  • 35
    • 85050839262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using social network analysis to explore social movements: A relational approach
    • Saunders, C. (2007). Using social network analysis to explore social movements: A relational approach. Social Movement Studies, 6, 227-243. 10.1080/14742830701777769.
    • (2007) Social Movement Studies , vol.6 , pp. 227-243
    • Saunders, C.1
  • 36
    • 80855128243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Occupy Wall Street to occupy everywhere
    • Retrieved from
    • Schneider, N. (2011). From Occupy Wall Street to occupy everywhere. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/article/163924/occupy-wall-street-occupy-everywhere#.
    • (2011) The Nation
  • 38
    • 80052595699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social media and the organization of collective action: Using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests
    • Segerberg, A., & Bennett, W. L. (2011). Social media and the organization of collective action: Using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests. Communication Review, 14, 197-215. 10.1080/10714421.2011.597250.
    • (2011) Communication Review , vol.14 , pp. 197-215
    • Segerberg, A.1    Bennett, W.L.2
  • 39
    • 70849111319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering - Volume 04
    • Smith, M., Hansen, D. L., & Gleave, E. (2009). Analyzing enterprise social media networks. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering - Volume 04.
    • (2009) Analyzing enterprise social media networks
    • Smith, M.1    Hansen, D.L.2    Gleave, E.3
  • 40
    • 80054780870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NodeXL: A free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010
    • Retrieved from the Social Media Research Foundation website
    • Smith, M., Shneiderman, B., Milic-Frayling, N., Rodrigues, E. M., Leskovec, J., & Dunne, C. (2010). NodeXL: A free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010. Retrieved from the Social Media Research Foundation website: http://nodexl.codeplex.com/.
    • (2010)
    • Smith, M.1    Shneiderman, B.2    Milic-Frayling, N.3    Rodrigues, E.M.4    Leskovec, J.5    Dunne, C.6
  • 41
    • 84936823726 scopus 로고
    • Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation
    • Snow, D. A., Worden, S. K., Rochford, E. B., & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51, 464-481. 10.2307/2095581.
    • (1986) American Sociological Review , vol.51 , pp. 464-481
    • Snow, D.A.1    Worden, S.K.2    Rochford, E.B.3    Benford, R.D.4
  • 42
    • 84890571859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hacktivists begin operation Occupy Wall Street
    • Retrieved from http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/09/protestors-and-hacktivists-of-all.php?ref = fpblg
    • Stirland, S. (2011). Hacktivists begin operation Occupy Wall Street. Talking Points Memo. Retrieved from http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/09/protestors-and-hacktivists-of-all.php?ref = fpblg.
    • (2011) Talking Points Memo
  • 43
    • 79956162756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "We've also become quite good friends": Environmentalists, social networks and social comparison in British Columbia, Canada
    • Stoddart, M. C. J., & Tindall, D. B. (2010). "We've also become quite good friends": Environmentalists, social networks and social comparison in British Columbia, Canada. Social Movement Studies, 9, 253-271. 10.1080/14742837.2010.493658.
    • (2010) Social Movement Studies , vol.9 , pp. 253-271
    • Stoddart, M.C.J.1    Tindall, D.B.2
  • 44
    • 84889447491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale shift in transnational contention
    • In: Porta D. d., Tarrow S., editors Lanham, MD,: Rowman & Littlefield
    • Tarrow, S., & McAdam, D. (2005). Scale shift in transnational contention. In D. d.Porta & S.Tarrow (Eds.), Transnational protest and global activism (pp. 121-150). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (2005) Transnational protest and global activism , pp. 121-150
    • Tarrow, S.1    McAdam, D.2
  • 46
    • 84857861102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering behind Twitter's new search experience
    • Twitter, Retrieved from
    • Twitter. (2011). Engineering behind Twitter's new search experience. Retrieved from http://engineering.twitter.com/2011/05/engineering-behind-twitters-new-search.html.
    • (2011)
  • 47
    • 84890548483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are @Replies and @Mentions?
    • Twitter, Retrieved from
    • Twitter. (2012). What are @Replies and @Mentions?Retrieved from http://support.twitter.com/articles/14023.
    • (2012)
  • 48
    • 84893491519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter awareness nearly universal; Usage shows slight growth
    • Retrieved from Edison Research website
    • Webster, T. (2011). Twitter awareness nearly universal; Usage shows slight growth. Edison Research. Retrieved from Edison Research website: http://www.edisonresearch.com/home/archives/2011/03/twitter_awareness_nearly_universal__usage_growth_slows.php.
    • (2011) Edison Research
  • 49
    • 84890571541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • **kYouWashington
    • Retrieved from
    • **kYouWashington. Slate. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2011/07/24/_f_kyouwashington.html.
    • (2011) Slate
  • 51
    • 79958848288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first Twitter revolution
    • Retrieved from
    • Zuckerman, E. (2011). The first Twitter revolution. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/14/the_first_twitter_revolution.
    • (2011) Foreign Policy


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.