Time management and nectar flow: Flower handling and suction feeding in long-proboscid flies (Nemestrinidae: Prosoeca)

Naturwissenschaften

Volumn 100, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1083-1093

  Karolyi, Florian ^a   Morawetz, Linde ^a   Colville, Jonathan F ^b   Handschuh, Stephan ^a,c,d   Metscher, Brian D ^a   Krenn, Harald W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (Austria)

^d KONRAD LORENZ INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTION AND COGNITION RESEARCH   (Austria)

Author keywords

Diptera; Flower handling; Nectar feeding; Prosoeca; Suction pump

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BIOLOGICAL UPTAKE; BODY SIZE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; FLOWER; FLOWER VISITING; FLY; MORPHOLOGY; NECTAR; NECTARIVORY; PRESSURE GRADIENT; SUCTION; TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR;

DIPTERA; HEXAPODA; HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; NEMESTRINIDAE; PROSOECA;

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BODY SIZE; DIPTERA; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FLOWER; HISTOLOGY; METABOLISM; NECTAR; PHYSIOLOGY; SUCTION; TIME;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BODY SIZE; DIPTERA; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FLOWERS; PLANT NECTAR; SUCTION; TIME;

EID: 84890548315     PISSN: 00281042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1114-6     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Anderson B, Johnson SD (2008) The geographical mosaic of coevolution in a plant-pollinator mutualism. Evolution 62(1):220-225
2. Bauder JA-S, Handschuh S, Metscher BD, Krenn HW (2013) Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus and evolution of proboscis length in metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Biol J Linn Soc 110(2):291-304. doi: 10.1111/bij.12134
3. Bauder JAS, Lieskonig NR, Krenn HW (2011) The extremely long-tongued Neotropical butterfly Eurybia lycisca (Riodinidae): proboscis morphology and flower handling. Arthropod Struct Dev 40(2):122-127. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.11. 002
4. Bonhag PF (1951) The skeleto-muscular mechanism of the head and abdomen of the adult horsefly (Diptera: Tabanidae). Trans Am Entomol Soc (1890-) 77(2):131-202
5. Borrell BJ (2004) Suction feeding in orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini). Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 271(Suppl 4):S164-S166. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2003. 0128
6. Borrell BJ (2006) Mechanics of nectar feeding in the orchid bee Euglossa imperialis: pressure, viscosity and flow. J Exp Biol 209(24):4901-4907. doi: 10.1242/jeb.02593
7. Borrell BJ, Krenn HW (2006) Nectar feeding in long-proboscid insects. In: Herrel A, Speck T, Rowe N (eds) Ecology and biomechanics: a mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 185-211
8. Chapman RF (1998) The insects: structure and function, 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 21-24:50
9. Daniel TL, Kingsolver JG, Meyhöfer E (1989) Mechanical determinants of nectar-feeding energetics in butterflies: muscle mechanics, feeding geometry, and functional equivalence. Oecologia 79(1):66-75. doi: 10.1007/bf00378241
10. Davis NT, Hildebrand JG (2006) Neuroanatomy of the sucking pump of the moth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera). Arthropod Struct Dev 35(1):15-33. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2005.07.001
11. Dudley R (2000) Flight and insect diversification. In: The biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, evolution, vol 7. First edn. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, pp. XII
12. Eberhard SH, Krenn HW (2005) Anatomy of the oral valve in nymphalid butterflies and a functional model for fluid uptake in Lepidoptera. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A J Comp Zool 243(4):305-312. doi: 10.1016/j.jcz.2005.02.001
13. Goldblatt P, Manning JC (1999) The long-proboscid fly pollination system in Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Ann Mo Bot Gard 86(1):758-774
14. Goldblatt P, Manning JC (2000) The long proboscid fly pollination system in southern Africa. Ann Mo Bot Gard 87(1):146-170
15. Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Bernhardt P (1995) Pollination biology of Lapeirousia subgenus Lapeirousia (Iridaceae) in southern Africa; floral divergence and adaptation for long-tongued fly-pollination. Ann Mo Bot Gard 82(4):517-534
16. Grimaldi DA, Engel MS (2005) Evolution of the insects, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, www.cambridge.org/9780521821490
17. Hansen DM, Van der Niet T, Johnson SD (2011) Floral signposts: testing the significance of visual 'nectar guides' for pollinator behaviour and plant fitness. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1349
18. Heinrich B (1975) Energetics of pollination. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 6(1):139-170. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.06.110175.001035
19. Heyneman A (1983) Optimal sugar concentrations of floral nectars - dependence on sugar intake efficiency and foraging costs. Oecologia 60(2):198-213. doi: 10.1007/bf00379522
20. Johnson S, Anderson B (2010) Coevolution between food-rewarding flowers and their pollinators. Evol: Educ and Outreach 3(1):32-39. doi: 10.1007/s12052-009-0192-6
21. Johnson SD, Steiner KE (1997) Long-tongued. Fly pollination and evolution of floral spur length in the Disa draconis complex (Orchidaceae). Evolution 51(1):45-53
22. Karolyi F, Szucsich NU, Colville JF, Krenn HW (2012) Adaptations for nectar-feeding in the mouthparts of long-proboscid flies (Nemestrinidae: Prosoeca). Biol J Linn Soc 107:414-424. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01945.x
23. Kim BH, Kim HK, Lee SJ (2011a) Experimental analysis of the blood-sucking mechanism of female mosquitoes. J Exp Biol 214(7):1163-1169. doi: 10.1242/jeb.048793
24. Kim BH, Seo ES, Lim JH, Lee SJ (2012) Synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography of the pump system of a female mosquito. Microsc Res Tech 75(8):1051-1058. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22030
25. Kim W, Gilet T, Bush JWM (2011b) Optimal concentrations in nectar feeding. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(40):16618-16621. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108642108
26. Kingsolver JG, Daniel TL (1979) On the mechanics and energetics of nectar feeding in butterflies. J Theor Biol 76(2):167-179. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(79) 90368-0
27. Krenn HW, Aspöck H (2010) Bau, Funktion und Evolution der Mundwerkzeuge blutsaugender Arthropoden. In: Aspöck H (ed) Krank durch Arthropoden, vol 30, Denisia. Biologiezentrum der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen, Linz, pp 81-108
28. Krenn HW, Plant JD, Szucsich NU (2005) Mouthparts of flower-visiting insects. Arthropod Struct Dev 34(1):1-40
29. Kunte K (2007) Allometry and functional constraints on proboscis lengths in butterflies. Funct Ecol 21(5):982-987. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01299.x
30. Le Roux A, Whal Z (2005) Namaqualand. South African wild flower guide 1, 3rd edn. Botanical Society of South Africa, Cape Town
31. Manning JC, Goldblatt P (1996) The Prosoeca peringueyi (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) pollination guild in southern Africa: long-tongued flies and their tubular flowers. Ann Mo Bot Gard 83(1):67-86
32. Manning JC, Goldblatt P (1997) Nieuwoudtville, Bokkeveld Plateau & Hantam. South African Wild Flower Guide 9. vol 9, first edn. Botanical Society of South Africa, Kirstenbosch, Claremont 7735 RSA
33. May PG (1985) Nectar uptake rates and optimal nectar concentrations of two butterfly species. Oecologia 66(3):381-386. doi: 10.1007/bf00378303
34. Metscher B (2009) MicroCT for comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of diverse non-mineralized animal tissues. BMC Physiol 9(1):11
35. Monaenkova D, Lehnert MS, Andrukh T, Beard CE, Rubin B, Tokarev A, Lee W-K, Adler PH, Kornev KG (2012) Butterfly proboscis: combining a drinking straw with a nanosponge facilitated diversification of feeding habits. J Royal Soc Interface 9(69):720-726. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0392
36. Muchhala N, Thomson JD (2009) Going to great lengths: selection for long corolla tubes in an extremely specialized bat-flower mutualism. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 276(1665):2147-2152. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0102
37. Nicolson SW (2007) Nectaries and nectar. In: Nepi M, Pacini E (eds) Nectaries and nectar, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht, pp XVIII+396, http://www.springer.com/life1-4020-5936-0
38. Pauw A, Stofberg J, Waterman RJ (2009) Flies and flowers in Darwin's race. Evolution 63(1):268-279
39. Pellmyr O (2002) Pollination by animals. In: Herrera CM, Pellmyr O (eds) Plant-animal interactions: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, pp 157-184
40. Pernstich A, Krenn HW, Pass G (2003) Preparation of serial sections of arthropods using 2, 2-dimethoxypropane dehydration and epoxy resin embedding under vacuum. Biotech Histochem 78(1):1-5
41. Peters W (2003) Ernährung und Verdauung. In: Dettner K, Peters W (eds) Lehrbuch der Entomologie, 2nd edn. Spektrum, München, pp 93-94
42. Pivnick K, McNeil J (1985) Effects of nectar concentration on butterfly feeding: measured feeding rates for Thymelicus lineola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and a general feeding model for adult Lepidoptera. Oecologia 66(2):226-237. doi: 10.1007/bf00379859
43. Plowright RC (1987) Corolla depth and nectar concentration: an experimental study. Can J Bot 65(5):1011-1013. doi: 10.1139/b87-139
44. Potgieter CJ, Edwards TJ (2005) The Stenobasipteron wiedmanni (Diptera, Nemestrinidae) pollination guild in Eastern Southern Africa. Ann Mo Bot Gard 92(1):254-267
45. R Core Team (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
46. Schowalter TD (2006) Insect ecology, second edition: an ecosystem approach. Academic Press, Elsevier, London
47. Snodgrass RE (1935) Principles of insect morphology, vol First edn., pp McGraw Hill-New York
48. Snodgrass RE (1944) The feeding apparatus of biting and sucking insects affecting man and animals. Smithson Misc Collect 104(7):1-113
49. Snodgrass RE (1959) The anatomical life of the mosquito. Smithson Misc Collect 139(8):1-87
50. Szucsich NU, Krenn HW (2000) Morphology and function of the proboscis in Bombyliidae (Diptera, Brachycera) and implications for proboscis evolution in Brachycera. Zoomorphology 120(2):79-90
51. Szucsich NU, Krenn HW (2002) Flies and concealed nectar sources: morphological innovations in the proboscis of Bombyliidae (Diptera). Acta Zool 83(3):183-192
52. Warton DI, Duursma RA, Falster DS, Taskinen S (2012) smatr 3 - an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines. Methods Ecol Evol 3(2):257-259. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00153.x