Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 14-22

  Banks, Ian J ^a   Gibson, Walter T ^b   Cameron, Mary M ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Bear Valley Ventures Limited   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biomass; Feed conversion rates; Hermetia illucens; Prepupal yield; Sanitation

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; FECES; FLY; GROWTH RATE; HEALTH CARE; LARVA; MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; SANITATION; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ARTICLE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BLACK SOLDIER FLY; DIPTERA; FECES; LARVA; NONHUMAN; SLUDGE TREATMENT; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

HERMETIA ILLUCENS; SUIDAE;

BIOMASS; FEED CONVERSION RATES; HERMETIA ILLUCENS; PREPUPAL YIELD; SANITATION;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; DIPTERA; FECES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; LARVA; LONDON; SEWAGE; TROPICAL MEDICINE; UNIVERSITIES; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84890546872     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12228     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Banks IJ (2010) Determination of physical and biochemical changes of human faeces, of different dietary origins, and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as feeding occurs. Diss. (MSc Biol. Control Dis. Vectors) - LSHTM, Univ. London. pp. 1-77.
2. Bennett GGJ (2000) Is there a specific appetite for protein? In: Neural Metab. Control Macronutr. Intake (eds H-R Berthoud & RJ Seeley) CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 18-28.
3. Benrey B & Denno RF (1997) The slow-growth-high-mortality hypothesis: a test using the cabbage butterfly. Ecology 78, 987-999.
4. Biran A (2010a) Consumer needs for sanitation: Vietnam: Qualitative findings from urban and rural domestic on-site sanitation users in North and South Vietnam. 1-25.
5. Biran A (2010b) Needs of Pit Latrine Users in urban Tanzania (Dar es Salaam and Arusha): Qualitative work phase 1: Trip report. 1-14.
6. Bondari K & Sheppard DC (1987) Soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L., larvae as feed for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 18, 209-220.
7. Booram CV Jr, Newton GL, Hale OM & Barker RW (1977) Manure Residue as a Substrate for Protein Production via Hermetia illucens Larvae. Proc. Cornell Agric. Waste Manag. Conf. pp. 599-604. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
8. Bradley GH (1930) Hermetia illucens L. A Pest in sanitary Privies in Louisiana. Journal of Economic Entomology 23, 1012-1013.
9. Calderón-Arguedas O, Murillo Barrantes J & Solano ME (2005) Miasis entérica por Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) en una paciente geriátrica de Costa Rica. Parasitología Latinoamericana 60, 162-164.
10. Copello A (1926) Biologia de Hermetia illuscens. Journal of the Entomological Society of Argentina 1, 23-27.
11. Cornellisen T & Stiling P (2006) Does low nutritional quality act as a plant defence? An experimental test of the slow-growth, high-mortality hypothesis. Ecological Entomology 31, 32-40.
12. Dang NH (2010) Decomposition of Organic Wastes and Fecal Sludge by Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Diss. (MEng Environ. Eng. Manag.) - Asian Inst. Technol. pp. 1-75.
13. Diener S, Zurbrügg C & Tockner K (2009) Conversion of organic material by black soldier fly larvae: establishing optimal feeding rates. Waste Management & Research 27, 603-610.
14. Diener S, Studt Solano NM, Roa Gutiérrez F, Zurbrügg C & Tockner K (2011) Biological treatment of municipal organic waste using black soldier fly larvae. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2, 357-363.
15. Dmitriew CM (2011) The evolution of growth trajectories: what limits growth rate? Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 86, 97-116.
16. Dmitriew C & Rowe L (2005) Resource limitation, predation risk and compensatory growth in a damselfly. Oecologia 142, 150-154.
17. Droffner ML & Brinton WF (1995) Survival of E. coli and Salmonella populations in aerobic thermophilic composts as measured with DNA gene probes. Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin 197, 387-397.
18. Dunn LH (1916) Hermetia illucens breeding in a human cadaver (Dipt.). Entomological News 27, 59-61.
19. Erickson MC, Islam M, Sheppard C, Liao J & Doyle MP (2004) Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly. Journal of Food Protection 67, 685-690.
20. Esrey SA, Potash JB, Roberts L & Shiff C (1991) Effects of improved water-supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69, 609-621.
21. Fordyce JA & Shapiro AM (2003) Another perspective on the slow-growth/high-mortality hypothesis: chilling effects on swallowtail larvae. Ecology 84, 263-268.
22. Fuentes Gonzalez O & Risco Oliva G (2009) First report of intestinal myiasis caused by por Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical 61, 97-99.
23. Furman DP, Young RD & Catts EP (1959) Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) as a factor in the natural control of Musca domestica Linnaeus. Journal of Economic Entomology 52, 917-921.
24. Häggström H & Larsson S (1995) Slow larval growth on a suboptimal willow results in high predation mortality in the leaf beetle Galerucella lineola. Oecologia 104, 308-315.
25. Hale OM (1973) Dried Hermetia illucens larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) as a feed additive for poultry. Journal-Georgia Entomological Society 8, 16-20.
26. Helmer R & Hespanhol I (1997). Water Pollution Control: A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles, 1st edn. Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
27. Holmes LA, Vanlaerhoven SL & Tomberlin JK (2012) Relative humidity effects on the life history of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Environmental Entomology. 41, 971-978.
28. Hutchison ML, Walters LD, Avery SM & Moore A (2005) Decline of zoonotic agents in livestock waste and bedding heaps. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99, 354-362.
29. Kariuki M, Collignon B, Taisne R & Bruno V (2003). Better Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor: Good Practice from sub-Saharan Africa. Water Util Partnersh Capacit Build, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, pp. 1-105.
30. Kondoh M & Williams IS (2001) Compensation behaviour by insect herbivores and natural enemies: its influence on community structure. Oikos 93, 161-167.
31. Lalander C, Diener S, Magri ME, Zurbrügg C, Lindström A & Vinnerås B (2013) Faecal sludge management with the larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)-from a hygiene aspect. Science of the Total Environment 458-460, 312-318.
32. Leclercq M (1969) Dispersion et transport des insectes nuisibles: Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera Stratiomyidae). Bulletin des Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux 4, 139-143.
33. Lee KP, Simpson SJ & Raubenheimer D (2004) A comparison of nutrient regulation between solitarious and gregarious phases of the specialist caterpillar, Spodoptera exempta (Walker). Journal of Insect Physiology 50, 1171-1180.
34. Li Q, Zheng L, Qiu N, Cai H, Tomberlin JK & Yu Z (2011a) Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production. Waste Management 31, 1316-1320.
35. Li Q, Zheng LY, Cai H, Garza E, Yu ZN & Zhou SD (2011b) From organic waste to biodiesel: black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible. Fuel 90, 1545-1548.
36. Liu Q, Tomberlin JK, Brady JA, Sanford MR & Yu Z (2008) Black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reduce Escherichia coli in dairy manure. Environmental Entomology 37, 1525-1530.
37. Malloch JR (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to images in certain families. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 12, 323-324.
38. May BM (1961) The occurrence in New Zealand and the life-history of the soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyiidae). New Zealand Journal of Science 4, 55-65.
39. Medina RF, Barbosa P & Waddell K (2005) Parasitism levels in Orgyia leucostigma feeding on two tree species: implications for the slow-growth- high-mortality hypothesis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115, 193-197.
40. Metcalfe NB & Monaghan P (2001) Compensation for a bad start: grow now, pay later? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, 254-260.
41. Newton GL, Booram CV, Barker RW & Hale OM (1977) Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a supplement for swine. Journal of Animal Science 44, 395-400.
42. Newton GL, Sheppard DC, Watson DW et al. (2005) The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, as a manure management/resource recovery tool. Symposium on the State of the Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management, January 5-7, 2005, San Antonio, TX, USA.
43. Nijhout HF (2003) The control of body size in insects. Developmental Biology 261, 1-9.
44. NNFCC (2011) Renewable Fuels and Energy Factsheet: Anaerobic Digestion.
45. Parsad R (2005) Transformation of data. In: Des. Anal. Agric. Exp. (eds R Parsad R Srivastava & VK Gupta) Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India, pp. 637-647.
46. Patinet J (2010) Household pit latrines with urine diversion in the Farchana refugee camp in eastern Chad. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) 1, 1-6.
47. Raubenheimer D & Simpson SJ (1997) Integrative models of nutrient balancing: application to insects and vertebrates. Nutrition Research Reviews 10, 151-179.
48. Sheppard C (1983) House fly and lesser fly control utilizing the black soldier fly in manure management systems for caged laying hens. Environmental Entomology 12, 1439-1442.
49. Sheppard DC, Newton GL, Thompson SA & Savage S (1994) A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly. Bioresource Technology 50, 275-279.
50. Simpson SJ, Sword GA, Lorch PD & Couzin ID (2006) Cannibal crickets on a forced march for protein and salt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 4152-4156.
51. St-Hilaire S, Sheppard C, Tomberlin JK et al. (2007) Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38, 59-67.
52. Still DA (2002) After pit latrine is full... what then? Effective options for pit latrine management. Biennial Conference of the Water Institute of Southern Africa p. 10. Durban, South Africa.
53. Tingle FC, Mitchell ER & Copeland WW (1975) The soldier fly, Hermetia illucens in poultry houses in North Central Florida. Journal-Georgia Entomological Society 10, 174-179.
54. Tomberlin JK, Sheppard DC & Joyce JA (2002) Selected life-history traits of black soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on three artificial diets. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, 379-386.
55. Tomberlin JK, Adler PH & Myers HM (2009) Development of the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in relation to temperature. Environmental Entomology 38, 930-934.
56. Tu M-P & Tatar M (2003) Juvenile diet restriction and the aging and reproduction of adult Drosophila melanogaster. Aging Cell 2, 327-333.
57. USEPA (2003) Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage SludgeStandards (40 CFR Part 503). http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r92013/625R92013.pdf.
58. WHO/UNEP (2006) Volume 1: Policy and Regulatory Aspects. WHO Guidel. Safe Use Wastewater, Excreta Greywater II.
59. WHO/UNICEF (2010). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update. World Health Organization; UNICEF, Geneva, Switzerland.
60. Wright GA, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D & Stevenson PC (2003) The feeding behavior of the weevil, Exophthalmus jekelianus, with respect to the nutrients and allelochemicals in host plant leaves. Oikos 100, 172-184.