Mary Ainsworth's legacy: A systematic review of observational instruments measuring parental sensitivity

Attachment and Human Development

Volumn 15, Issue 5-6, 2013, Pages 485-506

  Mesman, Judi ^a   Emmen, Rosanneke A G ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

instruments; maternal sensitivity; observation; positive affect; review

Indexed keywords

EMOTION; EQUIPMENT; FEMALE; HISTORY; HUMAN; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW;

EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AS TOPIC;

EID: 84890423738     PISSN: 14616734     EISSN: 14692988     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2013.820900     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1967). Infancy in Uganda: Infant care and the growth of love. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
2. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and social development. In M. P. Richards (Ed.), The introduction of the child into a social world (pp. 99-135). London: Cambridge University Press.
3. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1971). Individual differences in strange-situation behavior of one-year-olds. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), The origins of human social relations (pp. 17-58). London: Academic Press.
4. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
5. Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Stolk, M. N., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Koot, H. M. (2009). Maternal sensitivity moderates the relation between negative discipline and aggression in early childhood. Social Development, 18, 99-120. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00478.x
6. Allen, J. P. (2008). The attachment system in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 419-435). New York, NY: Guilford.
7. Allen, J. P., Chango, J., Szwedo, D., Schad, M., & Marston, E. (2011). Predictors of susceptibility to peer influence regarding substance use in adolescence. Child Development, 83, 337-350. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01682.x
8. Allen, J. P., McElhaney, K. B., Land, D. J., Kuperminc, G. P., Moore, C. W., O'Beirne-Kelley, H., & Kilmer, S. L. (2003). A secure base in adolescence: Markers of attachment security in the mother-adolescent relationship. Child Development, 74, 292-307. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00536
9. Atzaba-Poria, N., Meiri, G., Millikovsky, M., Barkai, A., Dunaevsky-Idan, M., & Yerushalmi, B. (2010). Father-child and mother-child interaction in families with a child feeding disorder: The role of paternal involvement. Infant Mental Health Journal, 31, 682-698. doi:10.1002/imhj.20278
10. Aviezer, O., Sagi, A., Joels, T., & Ziv, Y. (1999). Emotional availability and attachment representations in kibbutz infants and their mothers. Developmental Psychology, 35, 811-822. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.3.811
11. Bailey, H. N., Moran, G., Pederson, D. R., & Bento, S. (2007). Understanding the transmission of attachment using variable- and relationship-centered approaches. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 313-343. doi:10.10170S0954579407070162
12. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 195-215. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.195
13. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Kroonenberg, P. M. (2004). Differences in attachment security between African-American and white children: Ethnicity or socio-economic status?. Infant Behavior & Development, 27, 417-433. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2004.02.002
14. Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E., Jarrett, P., Mockford, C., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). Role of home visiting in improving parenting and health in families at risk of abuse and neglect: Results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92, 229-233. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.095117
15. Barnett, M. A., Deng, M., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M., & Cox, M. (2008). Interdependence of parenting of mothers and fathers of infants. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 561-573. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.561
16. Behrens, K. Y., Hart, S. L., & Parker, A. C. (2012). Maternal sensitivity: Evidence of stability across time, contexts, and measurement instruments. Infant and Child Development, 21, 348-355. doi:10.1002/icd.1747
17. Behrens, K. Y., Parker, A. C., & Haltigan, J. D. (2011). Maternal sensitivity assessed during the Strange Situation Procedure predicts child's attachment quality and reunion behaviors. Infant Behavior & Development, 34, 378-381. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.02.007
18. Bell, B. G., & Belsky, J. (2008). Parents, parenting and children's sleep problems: Exploring reciprocal effects. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26, 579-593. doi:10.1348/026151008X285651
19. Berger, L. E., Jodl, K. M., Allen, J. P., McElhaney, K. B., & Kuperminc, G. P. (2005). When adolescents disagree with others about their symptoms: Differences in attachment organization as an explanation of discrepancies between adolescent-, parent-, and peer-reports of behavior problems. Development & Psychopathology, 17, 489-507. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050248
20. Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., & Whipple, N. (2010). From external regulation to self-regulation: Early parenting precursors of young children's executive functioning. Child Development, 81, 326-339. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01397.x
21. Biringen, Z. (2008). Emotional Availability (EA) Scales manual (4th ed.): Part 1. Infancy/Early Childhood version (child aged 0-5 years). Unpublished manuscript.
22. Biringen, Z., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2012). Emotional availability: Concept, research, and window on developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 1-8. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000617
23. Biringen, Z., Robinson, J. L., & Emde, R. N. (1998). Appendix B: The Emotional Availability Scales (3rd ed.; an abridged infancy/early childhood version). Attachment and Human Development, 2, 256-270. doi:10.1080/14616730050085626
24. Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2008). Infant temperament, parenting, and externalizing behavior in first grade: A test of the differential susceptibility hypothesis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 124-131. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01829.x
25. Bretherton, I. (2010). Fathers in attachment theory and research: A review. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 9-23. doi:10.1080/03004430903414661
26. Brown, L. (2007). Heart rate variability in premature infants during feeding. Biological Research for Nursing, 8, 283-293. doi:10.1177/1099800406298542
27. Bystrova, K., Ivanova, V., Edhborg, M., Matthiesen, A. S., Ransjö-Arvidson, A. B., Mukhamedrakhimov, R.,... Widström, A. M. (2009). Early contact versus separation: Effects on mother-infant interaction one year later. Birth, 36, 97-109. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536X.2009.00307.x
28. Campbell, S. B., Matestic, P., Stauffenberg, C., Mohan, R., & Kirchner, T. (2007). Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and children's functioning at school entry. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1202-1215. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1202
29. Clark, R. (1985). Early parent-child relationship assessment. Madison, WI: Department of Psychiatry.
30. Clark, R., Tluczek, A., & Brown, R. (2008). A mother-infant therapy group model for postpartum depression. Infant Mental Health Journal, 29, 514-536. doi:10.1002/imhj.20189
31. Colonnesi, C., Wissink, I. B., Noom, M. J., Asscher, J. J., Hoeve, M., Stams, G. J. J. M., Kellaert-Knol, M. G. (2013). Basic trust: An attachment-oriented intervention based on mind-mindedness in adoptive families. Research on Social Work Practice, 23, 179-188. doi:10.1177/1049731512469301
32. Coppola, G., Cassibba, R., & Costantini, A. (2007). What can make the difference? Premature birth and maternal sensitivity at 3 months of age: The role of attachment organization, traumatic reaction and baby's medical risk. Infant Behavior & Development, 30, 679-684. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.03.004
33. Crittenden, P. M. (2001). CARE-index manual. Miami, FL: Family Relations Institute.
34. Dallaire, D. H., & Weinraub, M. (2005). Predicting children's separation anxiety at age 6: The contributions of infant-mother attachment security, maternal sensitivity, and maternal separation anxiety. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 393-408. doi:10.1080/14616730500365894
35. Davidov, M., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Development, 77, 44-58. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x
36. De Wolff, M. S., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571-591. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x
37. Del Carmen, R., Pedersen, F. A., Huffman, L. C., & Bryan, Y. E. (1993). Dyadic distress management predicts subsequent security of attachment. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 131-147. doi:10.1016/0163-6383(93)80014-Y
38. Edelstein, R. S., Weede Alexander, K., Shaver, P. R., Schaaf, J. M., Quas, J. A., Lovas, G. S., Goodman, G. S. (2004). Adult attachment style and parental responsiveness during a stressful event. Attachment & Human Development, 6, 31-52. doi:10.1080/146167303100001659584
39. Egeland, B., Erickson, M. F., Clemenhagen-Moon, J., Hiester, M. K., & Korfmacher, J. (1990). 24 months tools coding manual: Project steep - revised 1990 from Mother-Child Project scales. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development.
40. Eiden, R. D., Edwards, E. P., & Leonard, K. E. (2006). Children's internalization of rules of conduct: Role of parenting in alcoholic families. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 305-315. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.20.3.305
41. Emde, R. N., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (1985). Assessing emotional availability in early development. In W. Frankenburg, R. N. Emde, & J. Sullivan (Eds.), Early identification of children at risk. An international perspective (pp. 79-101). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
42. Erickson, M. F., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (1985). The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool in a high-risk sample. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment: Theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 147-166.
43. Evans, G. W., Kim, P., Ting, A. H., Tesher, H. B., & Shannis, D. (2007). Cumulative risk, maternal responsiveness, and allostatic load among young adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, 341-351. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.341
44. Fearon, R. M. P., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Fonagy, P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Schuengel, C., & Bokhorst, C. L. (2006). In search of shared and non-shared environmental factors in security of attachment: A behavior-genetic study of the association between sensitivity and attachment security. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1026-1040.
45. Feeley, N., Zelkowitz, P., Shrier, I., Stremler, R. Westreich, R. Dunkley, D. Papageorgiou, A. (2012). Follow-up of the cues and care trial: Mother and infant outcomes at 6 months. Journal of Early Intervention, 34, 65-81. doi:10.1177/1053815112453767
46. Feldman, R. (1998). Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) manual. Unpublished manuscript. Bar-Ilan University.
47. Feldman, R. (2010). The relational basis of adolescent adjustment: Trajectories of mother-child interactive behaviors from infancy to adolescence shape adolescents' adaptation. Attachment & Human Development, 12, 173-192. doi:10.1080/14616730903282472
48. Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2007). Maternal postpartum behavior and the emergence of infant-mother and infant-father synchrony in preterm and full-term infants: The role of neonatal vagal tone. Developmental Psychobiology, 49, 290-302. doi:10.1002/dev.20220
49. Feldman, R., Granat, A., Pariente, C., Kanety, H., Kuint, J., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2009). Maternal depression and anxiety across the postpartum year and infant social engagement, fear regulation, and stress reactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 919-927. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b21651
50. Feldman, R., Keren, M., Gross-Rozval, O., & Tyano, S. (2004). Mother-child touch patterns in infant feeding disorders: Relation to maternal, child, and environmental factors. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1089-1097. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000132810.98922.83
51. Feldman, R., & Klein, P. S. (2003). Toddlers' self-regulated compliance to mothers, caregivers, and fathers: Implications for theories of socialization. Developmental Psychology, 39, 680-692. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.680
52. Feldman, R., & Masalha, S. (2010). Parent-child and triadic antecedents of children's social competence: Cultural specificity, shared process. Developmental Psychology, 46, 455-467.
53. Feldman, R., Weller, A., Sirota, L., & Eidelman, A. I. (2003). Testing a family intervention hypothesis: The contribution of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) to family interaction, proximity, and touch. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 94-107. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.1.94
54. Fish, M., Belsky, J., & Stifter, C. A. (1991). Conditions of continuity and discontinuity in infant negative emotionality: Newborn to five months. Child Development, 62, 1525-1537. doi:10.2307/1130824
55. Flykt, M., Punamäki, R.-L., Belt, R., Biringen, Z., Salo, S., Posa, T., & Pojulo, M. (2012). Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug-abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 33, 123-138. doi:10.1002/imhj.21313
56. Fuertes, M., Lopes-dos-Santos, P., Beeghly, M., & Tronick, E. (2009). Infant coping and maternal interactive behavior predict attachment in a Portuguese sample of healthy preterm infants. European Psychologist, 14, 320-331. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.14.4.320
57. Gonzalez, A., Jenkins, J. M., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2012). Maternal early life experiences and parenting: The mediating role of cortisol and executive function. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 673-682. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.003
58. Goodman, G., Aber, J. L., Berlin, L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). The relations between maternal behaviors and urban preschool children's internal working models of attachment security. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19, 378-393. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199824)19:4378::AID-IMHJ2>3.3.CO;2-A
59. Grant, K.-A., McMahon, C., Reilly, N., & Austin, M.-P. (2010). Maternal sensitivity moderates the impact of prenatal anxiety disorder on infant responses to the still-face procedure. Infant Behavior & Development, 33, 453-462. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.05.001
60. Grossman, K., Grossman, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer-Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers' sensitive and challenging play as pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11, 307-331. doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00202
61. Grossman, K., Grossman, K. E., Spangler, G., Suess, G., & Unzner, L. (1985). Maternal sensitivity and newborns' orientation responses as related to quality of attachment in northern Germany. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1-2, serial no 209), 223-256.
62. Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Kindler, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2008). A wider view of attachment and exploration: The influence of mothers and fathers on the development of psychological security from infancy to young adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 857-879). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
63. Hirsch-Pasek, K., & Burchinal, M. (2006). Mother and caregiver sensitivity over time: Predicting language and academic outcomes with variable- and person-centered approaches. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52, 449-485. doi:10.1353/mpq.2006.0027
64. Hobson, R. P., Patrick, M., Crandell, L., García-Pérez, R., & Lee, A. (2005). Personal relatedness and attachment in infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 329-347. doi:10.10170S0954579405050169
65. Jaffari-Bimmel, N., Juffer, F., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Mooijaart, A. (2006). Social development from infancy to adolescence: Longitudinal and concurrent factors in an adoption sample. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1143-1153.
66. John, A., Morris, A. S., & Halliburton, A. L. (2012). Looking beyond maternal sensitivity: Mother-child correlates of attachment security among children with intellectual disabilities in urban India. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 2335-2345. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1479-y
67. Kärtner, J., Keller, H., & Yovsi, R. D. (2010). Mother-infant interaction during the first 3 months: The emergence of culture-specific contingency patterns. Child Development, 81, 540-554. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01414.x
68. Kelley, M. L., Smith, T. S., Green, A. P., Berndt, A. E., & Rogers, M. C. (1998). Importance of fathers' parenting to African-American toddler's social and cognitive development. Infant Behavior & Development, 21, 733-744. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90041-8
69. Keown, L. J. (2012). Predictors of boys' ADHD symptoms from early to middle childhood: The role of father-child and mother-child interactions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 569-581. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9586-3
70. Keren, M., Feldman, R., & Tyano, S. (2001). Diagnoses and interactive patterns of infants referred to a community-based infant mental health clinic. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 27-35. doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00013
71. Kim, E. S., & Kim, B. S. (2009). The structural relationships of social support, mother's psychological status, and maternal sensitivity to attachment security in children with disabilities. Asia Pacific Education Review, 10, 561-573. doi:10.1007/s12564-009-9043-y
72. Kim, P., Feldman, R., Mayes, L. C., Eicher, V., Thompson, N., Leckman, J. F., & Swain, J. E. (2011). Breastfeeding, brain activation to own infant cry, and maternal sensitivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 907-915. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02406.x
73. Kivijärvi, M., Voeten, M. J. M., Niemelä, P., Räihä, H., Lertola, K., & Piha, J. (2001). Maternal sensitivity behavior and infant behavior in early interaction. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 627-640. doi:10.1002/imhj.1023
74. Klein, P. S., & Feldman, R. (2007). Mothers'and caregivers' interactive and teaching behavior with toddlers. Early Child Development and Care, 177, 383-402. doi:10.1080/03004430600551682
75. Kochanska, G., Kim, S., Barry, R. A., & Philibert, R. A. (2011). Children's genotypes interact with maternal responsive care in predicting children's competence: Diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility?. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 605-616. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000071
76. Künster, A. K., Fegert, J. M., & Ziegenhain, U. (2010). Assessing parent-child interaction in the preschool years: A pilot study on the psychometric properties of the toddler CARE-index. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15, 379-389. doi:10.1177/1359104510367585
77. Lewis, C., & Lamb, M. E. (2003). Fathers' influences on children's development: The evidence from two-parent families. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 18, 211-228. doi:10.1007/BF03173485
78. Lindhiem, O., Bernard, K., & Dozier, M. (2011). Maternal sensitivity: Within-person variability and the utility of multiple assessments. Child Maltreatment, 16, 41-50. doi:10.1177/1077559510387662
79. Lohaus, A., Keller, H., Ball, J., Elben, C., & Voelker, S. (2001). Maternal sensitivity: Components and relations to warmth and contingency. Parenting: Science and Practice, 1, 267-284. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0104_1
80. Lohaus, A., Keller, H., Ball, J., Voelker, S., & Elben, C. (2004). Maternal sensitivity in interactions with three- and 12-month-old infants: Stability, structural composition, and developmental consequences. Infant and Child Development, 13, 235-252. doi:10.1002/icd.351
81. Lovas, G. S., (2005). Gender and patterns of emotional availability in mother-toddler and father-toddler dyads. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26, 327-353. doi:10.1002/imhj.20056
82. Lucassen, N., Tharner, A., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Volling, B. L., Verhulst, F. C.,... Tiemeier, H. (2011). The association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment security: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 686-992. doi:10.1037/a0025855
83. MacDonald, K. (1992). Warmth as a developmental construct: An evolutionary analysis. Child Development, 63, 753-773. doi:10.2307/1131231
84. McElwain, N. L., & Booth-LaForce, C. (2006). Maternal sensitivity to infant distress and nondistress as predictors of infant-mother attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 247-255. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.247
85. McElwain, N. L., Cox, M., Burchinal, M. R., & MacFie, J. (2003). Differentiating among mother-infant insecure attachment classifications: A focus on child-friend interaction and exploration during solitary play at 36 months. Attachment & Human Development, 5, 136-164. doi:10.1080/1461673031000108513
86. Mesman, J. (2010). Maternal responsiveness to infants: Comparing micro- and macro-level measures. Attachment & Human Development, 12, 143-149. doi:10.1080/14616730903484763
87. Mesman, J., Oster, H., & Camras, L. (2012). Parental sensitivity to distress: What do discrete negative emotions have to do with it? Attachment & Human Development, 14, 337-348. doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.691649
88. Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). Unequal in opportunity, equal in process: Parental sensitivity promotes positive child development in ethnic minority families. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 239-250. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00223.x
89. Moss, E., Dubois-Comtois, K., Cyr, C., Tarabulsy, G. M., St.-Laurent, D., & Bernier, A. (2011). Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: A randomized control trial. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 195-210. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000738
90. Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R., & Cooper, P. (1996). The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother-infant interactions and later infant outcome. Child Development, 67, 2512-2526. doi:10.2307/1131637
91. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2000). Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 200-219. doi:10.1037//D893-3200.14.2.200
92. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2006). Infant-mother attachment classification: Risk and protection in relation to changing maternal caregiving quality. Developmental Psychology, 42, 38-58. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.38
93. Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N., Dolev, S., & Yirmiya, N. (2012). Maternal sensitivity mediates the link between maternal insightfulness/resolution and child-mother attachment: The case of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Attachment & Human Development, 14, 567-584. doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.727256
94. Oppenheimer, C. W., Hankin, B. L., Jenness, J. L., Young, J. F., & Smolen, A. (2013). Observed positive parenting behaviors and youth genotype: Evidence for gene-environment correlations and moderation by parent personality traits. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 175-191. doi:10.1017/S0954579412000983
95. Owen, M. T. (1992). The NICHD study of early child care mother-infant interaction scales. Unpublished manuscript, Timberlawn Psychiatric Research Foundation, Dallas, TX.
96. Pederson, D. R., & Moran, G. (1995). Appendix B: Maternal behavior Q-set. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 60(2-3), 247-254.
97. Pederson, D. R., Moran, G., & Bento, S. (1999). Maternal behaviour Q-sort. London, ON: University of Western Ontario.
98. Pederson, D. R., Moran, G., Sitko, C., Campbell, K., Ghesquire, K., & Acton, H. (1990). Maternal sensitivity and the security of infant-mother attachment: A Q-sort study. Child Development, 61, 1974-1983. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03579.x
99. Posada, G., Jacobs, A., Carbonell, O. A., Alzate, G., Bustamante, L. R., & Arenas, A. (1999). Maternal care and attachment security in ordinary and emergency contexts. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1379-1388. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.35.6.1379
100. Posada, G., Kaloustian, G., Richmond, M. K., & Moreno, A. J. (2007). Maternal secure base support and preschoolers' secure base behavior in natural environments. Attachment & Human Development, 9, 393-411. doi:10.1080/14616730701712316
101. Ramchandani, P. G., Domoney, J., Sethna, V., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H., & Murray, L. (2013). Do early father-infant interactions predict the onset of externalizing behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 56-64. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02583.x
102. Ravn, I. H., Smith, L., Lindemann, R., Smeby, N. A., Kyno, N. M., Bunch, E. H., & Sandvik, L. (2011). Effect of early intervention on social interaction between mothers and preterm infants at 12 months of age: A randomized controlled trial. Infant Behavior and Development, 34, 215-225. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.11.004
103. Salomonsson, B., & Sandell, R. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of mother-infant psychoanalytic treatment: I. Outcomes on self-report questionnaires and external ratings. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32, 207-231. doi:10.1002/imhj.20291
104. Scher, A. (2001). Mother-child interaction and sleep regulation in one-year-olds. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 515-528. doi:10.1002/imhj.1015
105. Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Diener, M. L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Brown, G. L., McHale, J. L., & Frosch, C. A. (2006). Attachment and sensitivity in family context: The roles of parent and infant gender. Infant and Child Development, 15, 367-385. doi:10.1002/icd.449
106. Seifer, R., Schiller, M., Sameroff, A. J., Resnick, S., & Riordan, K. (1996). Attachment, maternal sensitivity, and infant temperament during the first year of life. Developmental Psychology, 32, 12-25. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.32.1.12
107. Selcuk, E., Günaydin, G., Sumer, N., Harma, M., Salman, S., Hazan, C.,... Ozturk, A. (2010). Self-reported romantic attachment style predicts everyday maternal caregiving behavior at home. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 544-549. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.007
108. Shah, P. E., Clements, M., & Poehlmann, J. (2011). Maternal resolution of grief after preterm birth: Implications for attachment security. Pediatrics, 127, 284-292. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1080
109. Shannon, J. D., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Cabrera, N. (2006). Fathering in infancy: Mutuality and stability between 8 and 16 months. Parenting, 6, 167-188. doi:10.1080/15295192.2006.9681304
110. Shannon, J. D., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., London, K., & Cabrera, N. (2002). Beyond rough and tumble: Low-income fathers' interactions and children's cognitive development at 24 months. Parenting, 2, 77-104. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0202_01
111. Spangler, G., Johann, M., Ronai, Z., & Zimmerman, P. (2009). Genetic and environmental influence on attachment disorganization. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 952-961. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02054.x
112. Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Silva, K. M., Eggum, N. D., Reiser, M., Edwards, A.,... Gaertner, B. M. (2012). Longitudinal relations among maternal behaviors, effortful control and young children. Developmental Psychology, 48, 552-566. doi:10.1037/a0025898
113. Stams, G.-J. J. M., Juffer, F., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Hoksbergen, R. A. C. (2001). Attachment-based intervention in adoptive families in infancy and children's development at age 7: Two follow-up studies. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 159-180. doi:10.1348/026151001166010
114. Stein, A., Craske, M. G., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A., Savage-McGlynn, E., Davies, B.,... Counsell, N. (2012). Maternal cognitions and mother-infant interaction in postnatal depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 795-809. doi:10.1037/a0026847
115. Stolk, M. N., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Alink, L. R. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H.,... Koot, H. M. (2008). Early parenting intervention aimed at maternal sensitivity and discipline: A process evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 781-797. doi:10.1002/jcop.20280
116. Tomlinson, M., Cooper, P., & Murray, L. (2005). The mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in a South African peri-urban settlement. Child Development, 76, 1044-1054. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00896.x
117. True, M. M., Pisani, L., & Oumar, F. (2001). Infant-mother attachment among the Dogon of Mali. Child Development, 72, 1451-1466.
118. Valenzuela, M. (1997). Maternal sensitivity in a developing society: The context of urban poverty and infant chronic undernutrition. Developmental Psychology, 33, 845-855. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.5.845
119. Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Rutgers, A. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Swinkels, S. H. N., Van Daalen, E., Dietz, C.,... van Engeland, H. (2007). Parental sensitivity and attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison with children with mental retardation, with language delays, and with typical development. Child Development, 78, 597-608. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01016.x
120. Vereijken, C., Riksen-Walraven, J. M., & Kondo-Ikemura, K. (1997). Maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security in Japan: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, 35-49.
121. Ward, M. J., & Carlson, E. A. (1995). Associations among adult attachment representations, maternal sensitivity, and infant-mother attachment in a sample of adolescent mothers. Child Development, 66, 69-79. doi:10.2307/1131191
122. Whipple, N., Bernier, A., & Mageau, G. A. (2011). A dimensional approach to maternal attachment state of mind: Relations to maternal sensitivity and maternal autonomy support. Developmental Psychology, 47, 396-403. doi:10.1037/a0021310
123. Yovsi, R. D., Kaertner, J., Keller, H., Lohaus, A. (2009). Maternal interactional quality in two cultural environments German middle class and Cameroonian rural mothers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(4), 701-707. doi:10.1177/0022022109335065