Transcription factors regulating plant defense responses

Model Plants and Crop Improvement

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 159-205

  Fobert, Pierre R ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890193320     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780849330636     Document Type: Chapter

References (198)

1. Katagiri, F., A global view of defense gene expression regulation-a highly interconnected signaling network, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 506, 2004.
2. Van Loon, L.C. and van Strien, E.A., The families of pathogenesis-related proteins, their activities, and comparative analysis of PR-1 type proteins, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 55, 85, 1999.
3. Salmeron, J.M. and Vernooij, B., Transgenic approaches to microbial disease resistance in crop plants, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1, 347, 1998.
4. Wan, J., Dunning, F.M., and Bent, A.F., Probing plant-pathogen interactions and downstream defense signaling using DNA microarrays, Funct. Integr. Genomics, 2, 259, 2002.
5. Rushton, P.J. and Somssich, I.E., Transcriptional control of plant genes responsive to pathogens, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1, 311, 1998.
6. Dangl, J.L. and Jones, J.D., Plant pathogens and integrated defense responses to infection, Nature, 411, 826, 2001.
7. Eulgem, T., Regulation of the Arabidopsis defense transcriptome, Trends Plant Sci., 10, 71, 2005.
8. Biggin, M.D. and Tjian, R., Transcriptional regulation in Drosophila: the post-genome challenge, Funct. Integr. Genomics, 1, 223, 2001.
9. White, R.J., Gene Transcription: Mechanisms and Control, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 2001, 273.
10. Dong, X., NPR1, all things considered, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 547, 2004.
11. Pieterse, C.M. and Van Loon, L., NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 456, 2004.
12. Gomez-Gomez, L., Plant perception systems for pathogen recognition and defense, Mol. Immunol., 41, 1055, 2004.
13. Hammond-Kosack, K.E. and Parker, J.E., Deciphering plant-pathogen communication:fresh perspectives for molecular resistance breeding, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 14, 177, 2003.
14. Thomma, B.P. et al., The complexity of disease signaling in Arabidopsis, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 13, 63, 2001.
15. Oliver, R.P. and Ipcho, S.V.S., Arabidopsis pathology breathes new life into the necrotrophs-vs.-biotrophs classification of fungal pathogens, Mol. Plant Pathol., 5, 347, 2004.
16. Durrant, W.E. and Dong, X., Systemic acquired resistance, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 42, 185, 2004.
17. Feys, B.J. and Parker, J.E., Interplay of signaling pathways in plant disease resistance, Trends Genet., 16, 449, 2000.
18. Davis, K.R. and Hammerschmidt, R., Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model for Plant-Pathogen Interactions, APS Press, Paul, MN, 1993, 132.
19. Mockler, T.C. and Ecker, J.R., Applications of DNA tiling arrays for whole-genome analysis, Genomics, 85, 1, 2005.
20. Riechmann, J.L. et al., Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes, Science, 290, 2105, 2000.
21. Ostergaard, L. and Yanofsky, M.F., Establishing gene function by mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant J., 39, 682, 2004.
22. Ohme-Takagi, M. and Shinshi, H., Ethylene-inducible DNA-binding proteins that interact with an ethylene-responsive element, Plant Cell, 7, 173, 1995.
23. Rushton, P.J. et al., Interaction of elicitor-induced DNA-binding proteins with elicitor response elements in the promoters of parsley PR1 genes, EMBO J., 15, 5690, 1996.
24. Katagiri, F., Lam, E., and Chua, N.H., Two tobacco DNA-binding proteins with homology to the nuclear factor CREB, Nature, 340, 727, 1989.
25. Droge-Laser, W. et al., Rapid stimulation of a soybean protein-serine kinase that phosphorylates a novel bZIP DNA-binding protein, G/HBF-1, during the induction of early transcription-dependent defenses, EMBO J., 16, 726, 1997.
26. Korfhage, U. et al., Plant homeodomain protein involved in transcriptional regulation of a pathogen defense-related gene, Plant Cell, 6, 695, 1994.
27. Desveaux, D. et al., PBF-2 is a novel single-stranded DNA-binding factor implicated in PR-10a gene activation in potato, Plant Cell, 12, 1477, 2000.
28. Boyle, B. and Brisson, N., Repression of the defense gene PR-10a by the singlestranded DNA binding protein SEBF, Plant Cell, 13, 2525, 2001.
29. Sugimoto, K., Takeda, S., and Hirochika, H., MYB-related transcription factor NtMYB2 induced by wounding and elicitors is a regulator of the tobacco retrotransposon Tto1 and defense-related genes, Plant Cell, 12, 2511, 2000.
30. Boter, M. et al., Conserved MYC transcription factors play a key role in jasmonate signaling both in tomato and Arabidopsis, Genes Dev., 18, 1577, 2004.
31. Dietrich, R.A. et al., A novel zinc finger protein is encoded by the Arabidopsis LSD1 gene and functions as a negative regulator of plant cell death, Cell, 88, 685, 1997.
32. Mengiste, T. et al., The BOTRYTIS SUSCEPTIBLE1 gene encodes an R2R3MYB transcription factor protein that is required for biotic and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 15, 2551, 2003.
33. Lorenzo, O. et al., JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 16, 1938, 2004.
34. Riechmann, J.L. and Ratcliffe, O.J., A genomic perspective on plant transcription factors, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 3, 423, 2000.
35. Zhang, J.Z., Overexpression analysis of plant transcription factors, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 6, 430, 2003.
36. Zhang, Y. et al., Knockout analysis of Arabidopsis transcription factors TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 reveals their redundant and essential roles in systemic acquired resistance, Plant Cell, 15, 2647, 2003.
37. Desveaux, D. et al., A “Whirly” transcription factor is required for salicylic aciddependent disease resistance in Arabidopsis, Dev. Cell, 6, 229, 2004.
38. Epple, P. et al., Antagonistic control of oxidative stress-induced cell death in Arabidopsis by two related, plant-specific zinc finger proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 6831, 2003.
39. Tani, H. et al., Activation tagging in plants: a tool for gene discovery, Funct. Integr. Genomics, 4, 258, 2004.
40. Despres, C. et al., The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 protein enhances the DNA-binding activity of a subgroup of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors, Plant Cell, 12, 279, 2000.
41. Zhou, J., Tang, X., and Martin, G.B., The Pto kinase conferring resistance to tomato bacterial speck disease interacts with proteins that bind a cis-element of pathogenesisrelated genes, EMBO J., 16, 3207, 1997.
42. Vailleau, F. et al., A R2R3-MYB gene, AtMYB30, acts as a positive regulator of the hypersensitive cell death program in plants in response to pathogen attack, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 10179, 2002.
43. Li, J., Brader, G., and Palva, E.T., The WRKY70 transcription factor: a node of convergence for jasmonate-mediated and salicylate-mediated signals in plant defense, Plant Cell, 16, 319, 2004.
44. Yi, S.Y. et al., The pepper transcription factor CaPF1 confers pathogen and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 136, 2862, 2004.
45. Durrant, W.E. et al., cDNA-AFLP reveals a striking overlap in race-specific resistance and wound response gene expression profiles, Plant Cell, 12, 963, 2000.
46. Meyers, B.C. et al., Methods for transcriptional profiling in plants. Be fruitful and replicate, Plant Physiol., 135, 637, 2004.
47. Chen, W. et al., Expression profile matrix of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative functions in response to environmental stresses, Plant Cell, 14, 559, 2002.
48. Zimmermann, P. et al., GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox, Plant Physiol., 136, 2621, 2004.
49. Fujimoto, S.Y. et al., Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding factors act as transcriptional activators or repressors of GCC box-mediated gene expression, Plant Cell, 12, 393, 2000.
50. Zhang, B., Foley, R.C., and Singh, K.B., Isolation and characterization of two related Arabidopsis ocs-element bZIP binding proteins, Plant J., 4, 711, 1993.
51. Yamamoto, S., Suzuki, K., and Shinshi, H., Elicitor-responsive, ethylene-independent activation of GCC box-mediated transcription that is regulated by both protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cultured tobacco cells, Plant J., 20, 571, 1999.
52. Goff, S.A. et al., A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica), Science, 296, 92, 2002.
53. Meissner, R.C. et al., Function search in a large transcription factor gene family in Arabidopsis: assessing the potential of reverse genetics to identify insertional mutations in R2R3 MYB genes, Plant Cell, 11, 1827, 1999.
54. Dong, J., Chen, C., and Chen, Z., Expression profiles of the Arabidopsis WRKY gene superfamily during plant defense response, Plant Mol. Biol., 51, 21, 2003.
55. Sakuma, Y. et al., DNA-binding specificity of the ERF/AP2 domain of Arabidopsis DREBs, transcription factors involved in dehydration- and cold-inducible gene expression, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 290, 998, 2002.
56. Gutterson, N. and Reuber, T.L., Regulation of disease resistance pathways by AP2/ERF transcription factors, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 465, 2004.
57. Allen, M.D. et al., A novel mode of DNA recognition by a -sheet revealed by the solution structure of the GCC-box binding domain in complex with DNA, EMBO J., 17, 5484, 1998.
58. Magnani, E., Sjolander, K., and Hake, S., From endonucleases to transcription factors:evolution of the AP2 DNA binding domain in plants, Plant Cell, 16, 2265, 2004.
59. Wuitschick, J.D. et al., Homing endonucleases encoded by germ line-limited genes in Tetrahymena thermophila have APETELA2 DNA binding domains, Eukaryot. Cell, 3, 685, 2004.
60. Eulgem, T. et al., The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors, Trends Plant Sci., 5, 199, 2000.
61. Zhang, Y. and Wang, L., The WRKY transcription factor superfamily: its origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants, BMC Evol. Biol., 5, 1, 2005.
62. Yamasaki, K. et al., Solution structure of an Arabidopsis WRKY DNA-binding domain, Plant Cell, 17, 944, 2005.
63. Ülker, B. and Somssich, I.E., WRKY transcription factors: from DNA binding towards biological function, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 491, 2004.
64. Desveaux, D. et al., A new family of plant transcription factors displays a novel ssDNA-binding surface, Nat. Struct. Biol., 9, 512, 2002.
65. Desveaux, D., Marechal, A., and Brisson, N., Whirly transcription factors: defense gene regulation and beyond, Trends Plant Sci., 10, 95, 2005.
66. Jakoby, M. et al., bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis, Trends Plant Sci., 7, 106, 2002.
67. Katagiri, F., Seipel, K., and Chua, N.H., Identification of a novel dimer stabilization region in a plant bZIP transcription activator, Mol. Cell Biol., 12, 4809, 1992.
68. Martin, C. and Paz-Ares, J., MYB transcription factors in plants, Trends Genet., 13, 67, 1997.
69. Luscombe, N.M. et al., An overview of the structures of protein-DNA complexes, Genome Biol., 1, REVIEWS001, 2000.
70. Kim, S.H. et al., CAZFP1, Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor gene functions as a pathogen-induced early-defense gene in Capsicum annuum, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 883, 2004.
71. Carey, M.F. and Smale, S.T., Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes: Concepts, Strategies, and Techniques, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2000, 640.
72. Lam, E. and Lam, Y.K., Binding site requirements and differential representation of TGF factors in nuclear ASF-1 activity, Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 3778, 1995.
73. Niggeweg, R. et al., Tobacco transcription factor TGA2.2 is the main component of as-1-binding factor ASF-1 and is involved in salicylic, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 19897, 2000.
74. Park, J.M. et al., Overexpression of the tobacco Tsi1 gene encoding an EREBP/AP2- type transcription factor enhances resistance against pathogen attack and osmotic stress in tobacco, Plant Cell, 13, 1035, 2001.
75. Yang, Y. and Klessig, D.F., Isolation and characterization of a tobacco mosaic virusinducible myb oncogene homologue from tobacco, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 14972, 1996.
76. Krawczyk, S. et al., Analysis of the spacing between the two palindromes of activation sequence-1 with respect to binding to different TGA factors and transcriptional activation potential, Nucleic Acids Res., 30, 775, 2002.
77. Taatjes, D.J., Marr, M.T., and Tjian, R., Regulatory diversity among metazoan coactivator complexes, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 5, 403, 2004.
78. Naar, A.M., Lemon, B.D., and Tjian, R., Transcriptional coactivator complexes, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 70, 475, 2001.
79. Hanna-Rose, W. and Hansen, U., Active repression mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription repressors, Trends Genet., 12, 229, 1996.
80. Robatzek, S. and Somssich, I.E., Targets of AtWRKY6 regulation during plant senescence and pathogen defense, Genes Dev., 16, 1139, 2002.
81. Jin, H. and Martin, C., Multifunctionality and diversity within the plant MYB-gene family, Plant Mol. Biol., 41, 577, 1999.
82. Niggeweg, R. et al., Tobacco TGA factors differ with respect to interaction with NPR1, activation potential and DNA-binding properties, Plant Mol. Biol., 42, 775, 2000.
83. Fan, W. and Dong, X., In vivo interaction between NPR1 and transcription factor TGA2 leads to salicylic acid-mediated gene activation in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 14, 1377, 2002.
84. Eulgem, T. et al., Early nuclear events in plant defense signaling: rapid gene activation by WRKY transcription factors, EMBO J., 18, 4689, 1999.
85. Ohta, M., Ohme-Takagi, M., and Shinshi, H., Three ethylene-responsive transcription factors in tobacco with distinct transactivation functions, Plant J., 22, 29, 2000.
86. Ohta, M. et al., Repression domains of class II ERF transcriptional repressors share an essential motif for active repression, Plant Cell, 13, 1959, 2001.
87. Hiratsu, K. et al., Dominant repression of target genes by chimeric repressors that include the EAR motif, a repression domain, in Arabidopsis, Plant J., 34, 733, 2003.
88. Robatzek, S. and Somssich, I.E., A new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defenserelated processes, Plant J., 28, 123, 2001.
89. Pontier, D. et al., Differential regulation of TGA transcription factors by post-transcriptional control, Plant J., 32, 641, 2002.
90. van der Krol, A.R. and Chua, N.H., The basic domain of plant B-ZIP proteins facilitates import of a reporter protein into plant nuclei, Plant Cell, 3, 667, 1991.
91. Vandromme, M. et al., Regulation of transcription factor localization: fine-tuning of gene expression, Trends Biochem. Sci., 21, 59, 1996.
92. Gu, Y.Q. et al., Pti4 is induced by ethylene and salicylic acid, and its product is phosphorylated by the Pto kinase, Plant Cell, 12, 771, 2000.
93. Berrocal-Lobo, M., Molina, A., and Solano, R., Constitutive expression of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi, Plant J., 29, 23, 2002.
94. Brown, R.L. et al., A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene of Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 132, 1020, 2003.
95. Guo, Z.J. et al., Overexpression of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor OPBP1 enhances disease resistance and salt tolerance in tobacco, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 607, 2004.
96. Broun, P., Transcription factors as tools for metabolic engineering in plants, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 202, 2004.
97. Amador, V. et al., Gibberellins signal nuclear import of PHOR1, a photoperiodresponsive protein with homology to Drosophila armadillo, Cell, 106, 343, 2001.
98. Fischer, U. and Droge-Laser, W., Overexpression of NtERF5, a new member of the tobacco ethylene response transcription factor family enhances resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 17, 1162, 2004.
99. Onate-Sanchez, L. and Singh, K.B., Identification of Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding factors with distinct induction kinetics after pathogen infection, Plant Physiol., 128, 1313, 2002.
100. Lorenzo, O. et al., ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense, Plant Cell, 15, 165, 2003.
101. Yu, D., Chen, C., and Chen, Z., Evidence for an important role of WRKY DNAbinding proteins in the regulation of NPR1 gene expression, Plant Cell, 13, 1527, 2001.
102. Daniel, X. et al., A novel myb oncogene homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana related to hypersensitive cell death, Plant J., 20, 57, 1999.
103. Turck, F., Zhou, A., and Somssich, I.E., Stimulus-dependent, promoter-specific binding of transcription factor WRKY1 to its native promoter and the defense-related gene PcPR1-1 in parsley, Plant Cell, 16, 2573, 2004.
104. Solano, R. et al., Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1, Genes Dev., 12, 3703, 1998.
105. Guo, H. and Ecker, J.R., Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCFEBF1/EBF2- dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor, Cell, 115, 667, 2003.
106. Potuschak, T. et al., EIN3-dependent regulation of plant ethylene hormone signaling by two Arabidopsis F box proteins: EBF1 and EBF2, Cell, 115, 679, 2003.
107. Gagne, J.M. et al., Arabidopsis EIN3-binding F-box 1 and 2 form ubiquitin-protein ligases that repress ethylene action and promote growth by directing EIN3 degradation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 6803, 2004.
108. Ouaked, F. et al., A MAPK pathway mediates ethylene signaling in plants, EMBO J., 22, 1282, 2003.
109. Chandler, J.W. and Werr, W., When negative is positive in functional genomics, Trends Plant Sci., 8, 279, 2003.
110. McElver, J. et al., Insertional mutagenesis of genes required for seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana, Genetics, 159, 1751, 2001.
111. Burch-Smith, T.M. et al., Applications and advantages of virus-induced gene silencing for gene function studies in plants, Plant J., 39, 734, 2004.
112. Berrocal-Lobo, M. and Molina, A., Ethylene response factor 1 mediates Arabidopsis resistance to the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 17, 763, 2004.
113. Gu, Y.Q. et al., Tomato transcription factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate defense responses when expressed in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 14, 817, 2002.
114. He, P. et al., Overexpression of Pti5 in tomato potentiates pathogen-induced defense gene expression and enhances disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 14, 1453, 2001.
115. Wu, K. et al., Functional analysis of tomato Pti4 in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 128, 30, 2002.
116. Chakravarthy, S. et al., The tomato transcription factor Pti4 regulates defense-related gene expression via GCC box and non-GCC box cis elements, Plant Cell, 15, 3033, 2003.
117. Alonso, J.M. et al., Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana, Science, 301, 653, 2003.
118. Chen, C. and Chen, Z., Potentiation of developmentally regulated plant defense response by AtWRKY18, a pathogen-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor, Plant Physiol., 129, 706, 2002.
119. Asai, T. et al., MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity, Nature, 415, 977, 2002.
120. Liu, Y., Schiff, M., and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P., Involvement of MEK1 MAPKK, NTF6 MAPK, WRKY/MYB transcription factors, COI1 and CTR1 in N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, Plant J., 38, 800, 2004.
121. Pontier, D., Miao, Z.H., and Lam, E., Trans-dominant suppression of plant TGA factors reveals their negative and positive roles in plant defense responses, Plant J., 27, 529, 2001.
122. Kegler, C. et al., Functional characterization of tobacco transcription factor TGA2.1, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 153, 2004.
123. Foley, R.C. and Singh, K.B., TGA5 acts as a positive and TGA4 acts as a negative regulator of ocs element activity in Arabidopsis roots in response to defense signals, FEBS Lett., 563, 141, 2004.
124. Kim, H.S. and Delaney, T.P., Overexpression of TGA5, which encodes a bZIP transcription factor that interacts with NIM1/NPR1, confers SAR-independent resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana to Peronospora parasitica, Plant J., 32, 151, 2002.
125. Ekengren, S.K. et al., Two MAPK cascades, NPR1, and TGA transcription factors play a role in Pto-mediated disease resistance in tomato, Plant J., 36, 905, 2003.
126. Aviv, D.H. et al., Runaway cell death, but not basal disease resistance, in lsd1 is SAand NIM1/NPR1-dependent, Plant J., 29, 381, 2002.
127. Whitmarsh, A.J. and Davis, R.J., Regulation of transcription factor function by phosphorylation, Cell Mol. Life Sci., 57, 1172, 2000.
128. Fobert, P.R. and Després, C., Redox control of systemic acquired resistance, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 8, 378, 2005.
129. Kim, C.Y. and Zhang, S., Activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade induces WRKY family of transcription factors and defense genes in tobacco, Plant J., 38, 142, 2004.
130. Jupin, I. and Chua, N.H., Activation of the CaMV as-1 cis-element by salicylic acid:differential DNA-binding of a factor related to TGA1a, EMBO J., 15, 5679, 1996.
131. Kang, H.G. and Klessig, D.F., Salicylic acid-inducible Arabidopsis CK2-like activity phosphorylates TGA2, Plant Mol. Biol., 57, 541, 2005.
132. Cheong, Y.H. et al., BWMK1, a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase, locates in the nucleus and mediates pathogenesis-related gene expression by activation of a transcription factor, Plant Physiol., 132, 1961, 2003.
133. Després, C. et al., The Arabidopsis NPR1 disease resistance protein is a novel cofactor that confers redox regulation of DNA-binding activity to the basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factor TGA1, Plant Cell, 15, 2181, 2003.
134. Koyama, T. et al., Isolation of tobacco ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme cDNA in a yeast two-hybrid system with tobacco ERF3 as bait and its characterization of specific interaction, J. Exp. Bot., 54, 1175, 2003.
135. Turner, J.G., Ellis, C., and Devoto, A., The jasmonate signal pathway, Plant Cell, 14 Suppl., S153, 2002.
136. Merika, M. and Thanos, D., Enhanceosomes, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 11, 205, 2001.
137. Szymanski, D.B., Liao, B., and Zielinski, R.E., Calmodulin isoforms differentially enhance the binding of cauliflower nuclear proteins and recombinant TGA3 to a region derived from the Arabidopsis Cam-3 promoter, Plant Cell, 8, 1069, 1996.
138. Kuhlmann, M. et al., The α-helical D1 domain of the tobacco bZIP transcription factor BZI-1 interacts with the ankyrin-repeat protein ANK1 and is important for BZI-1 function, both in auxin signaling and pathogen response, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 8786, 2003.
139. Buttner, M. and Singh, K.B., Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AtEBP), an ethylene-inducible, GCC box DNA-binding protein interacts with an ocs element binding protein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 5961, 1997.
140. Kang, H.G. and Singh, K.B., Characterization of salicylic acid-responsive, Arabidopsis Dof domain proteins: overexpression of OBP3 leads to growth defects, Plant J., 21, 329, 2000.
141. Cormack, R.S., Hahlbrock, K., and Somssich, I.E., Isolation of putative plant transcriptional coactivators using a modified two-hybrid system incorporating a GFP reporter gene, Plant J., 14, 685, 1998.
142. Rubio, V. et al., An alternative tandem affinity purification strategy applied to Arabidopsis protein complex isolation, Plant J., 41, 767, 2005.
143. Pan, Y. et al., Discovery of functional genes for systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through integrated data mining, J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol., 2, 639, 2004.
144. Coen, E.S., The Art of Genes: How Organisms Make Themselves, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, 386.
145. Gehring, W., Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution: The Homeobox Story, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1999, 254.
146. Lee, T.I. et al., Transcriptional regulatory networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Science, 298, 799, 2002.
147. Buck, M.J. and Lieb, J.D., ChIP-chip: considerations for the design, analysis, and application of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, Genomics, 83, 349, 2004.
148. Johnson, C., Boden, E., and Arias, J., Salicylic acid and NPR1 induce the recruitment of trans-activating TGA factors to a defense gene promoter in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 15, 1846, 2003.
149. Kim, J. et al., Mapping DNA-protein interactions in large genomes by sequence tag analysis of genomic enrichment, Nat. Methods, 2, 47, 2005.
150. Cao, H. et al., Characterizaton of an Arabidopsis mutant that is nonresponsive to inducers of systemic acquired resistance, Plant Cell, 6, 1583, 1994.
151. Shah, J., Tsui, F., and Klessig, D.F., Characterization of a salicylic acid-insensitive mutant (sai1) of Arabidopsis thaliana, identified in a selective screen utilizing the SA-inducible expression of the tms2 gene, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact 10, 69, 1997.
152. Glazebrook, J., Rogers, E.E., and Ausubel, F.M., Isolation of Arabidopsis mutants with enhanced disease susceptibility by direct screening, Genetics, 143, 973, 1996.
153. Delaney, T.P., Friedrich, L., and Ryals, J.A., Arabidopsis signal transduction mutant defective in chemically and biologically induced disease resistance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 6602, 1995.
154. Ryals, J. et al., The Arabidopsis NIM1 protein shows homology to the mammalian transcription factor inhibitor IB, Plant Cell, 9, 425, 1997.
155. Pieterse, C.M. et al., A novel signaling pathway controlling induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 10, 1571, 1998.
156. McDowell, J.M. et al., Downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) resistance genes in Arabidopsis vary in functional requirements for NDR1, EDS1, NPR1 and salicylic acid accumulation, Plant J., 22, 523, 2000.
157. Liu, G. et al., An Arabidopsis NPR1-like gene, NPR4, is required for disease resistance, Plant J., 41, 304, 2005.
158. Xiao, S. et al., The atypical resistance gene, RPW8, recruits components of basal defense for powdery mildew resistance in Arabidopsis, Plant J., 42, 95, 2005.
159. Kus, J.V. et al., Age-related resistance in Arabidopsis is a developmentally regulated defense response to Pseudomonas syringae, Plant Cell, 14, 479, 2002.
160. Thomma, B.P.H.J. et al., Separate jasmonate-dependent and salicylate-dependent defense-response pathways in Arabidopsis are essential for resistance to distinct microbial pathogens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 15107, 1998.
161. Ferrari, S. et al., Arabidopsis local resistance to Botrytis cinerea involves salicylic acid and camalexin and requires EDS4 and PAD2, but not SID2, EDS5 or PAD4, Plant J., 35, 193, 2003.
162. Dong, X., Genetic dissection of systemic acquired resistance, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 4, 309, 2001.
163. Cao, H. et al., The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats, Cell, 88, 57, 1997.
164. Liu, Y. et al., Tobacco Rar1, EDS1 and NPR1/NIM1 like genes are required for Nmediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, Plant J., 30, 415, 2002.
165. Nandi, A., Welti, R., and Shah, J., The Arabidopsis thaliana dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase gene SUPPRESSSOR OF FATTY ACID DESATURASE DEFICIENCY1 is required for glycerolipid metabolism and for the activation of systemic acquired resistance, Plant Cell, 16, 465, 2004.
166. Shah, J., Kachroo, P., and Klessig, D.F., The Arabidopsis ssi1 mutation restores pathogenesis-related gene expression in npr1 plants and renders defensin gene expression salicylic acid dependent, Plant Cell, 11, 191, 1999.
167. Zhang, Y. et al., A gain-of-function mutation in a plant disease resistance gene leads to constitutive activation of downstream signal transduction pathways in suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1, Plant Cell, 15, 2636, 2003.
168. Shirano, Y. et al., A gain-of-function mutation in an Arabidopsis Toll Interleukin1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat type R gene triggers defense responses and results in enhanced disease resistance, Plant Cell, 14, 3149, 2002.
169. Kim, H.S. and Delaney, T.P., Arabidopsis SON1 is an F-box protein that regulates a novel induced defense response independent of both salicylic acid and systemic acquired resistance, Plant Cell, 14, 1469, 2002.
170. Li, X. et al., Identification and cloning of a negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance, SNI1, through a screen for suppressors of npr1-1, Cell, 98, 329, 1999.
171. Frye, C.A., Tang, D., and Innes, R.W., Negative regulation of defense responses in plants by a conserved MAPKK kinase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 373, 2001.
172. Petersen, M. et al., Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance, Cell, 103, 1111, 2000.
173. Park, C.Y. et al., Pathogenesis-related gene expression by specific calmodulin isoforms is dependent on NIM1, a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance, Mol. Cells, 18, 207, 2004.
174. Nishimura, M.T. et al., Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance, Science, 301, 969, 2003.
175. Wildermuth, M.C. et al., Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defence, Nature, 414, 562, 2001.
176. Jirage, D. et al., Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4 encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13583, 1999.
177. Vanacker, H. et al., A role for salicylic acid and NPR1 in regulating cell growth in Arabidopsis, Plant J., 28, 209, 2001.
178. Zhang, C., Gutsche, A.T., and Shapiro, A.D., Feedback control of the Arabidopsis hypersensitive response, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 17, 357, 2004.
179. Zhang, C. and Shapiro, A.D., Two pathways act in an additive rather than obligatorily synergistic fashion to induce systemic acquired resistance and PR gene expression, BMC Plant Biol., 2, 9, 2002.
180. Clarke, J.D. et al., Roles of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene in cpr-induced resistance in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 12, 2175, 2000.
181. Spoel, S.H. et al., NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonatedependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol, Plant Cell, 15, 760, 2003.
182. Zhou, J.M. et al., NPR1 differentially interacts with members of the TGA/OBF family of transcription factors that bind an element of the PR-1 gene required for induction by salicylic acid, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 13, 191, 2000.
183. Chern, M.S. et al., Evidence for a disease-resistance pathway in rice similar to the NPR1-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis, Plant J., 27, 101, 2001.
184. Zhang, Y. et al., Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 6523, 1999.
185. Subramaniam, R. et al., Direct visualization of protein interactions in plant cells, Nat. Biotechnol., 19, 769, 2001.
186. Kinkema, M., Fan, W., and Dong, X., Nuclear localization of NPR1 is required for activation of PR gene expression, Plant Cell, 12, 2339, 2000.
187. Weigel, R.R., Pfitzner, U.M., and Gatz, C., Interaction of NIMIN1 with NPR1 modulates PR gene expression in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 17, 1279, 2005.
188. Mou, Z., Fan, W., and Dong, X., Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes, Cell, 113, 935, 2003.
189. Friedrich, L. et al., NIM1 overexpression in Arabidopsis potentiates plant disease resistance and results in enhanced effectiveness of fungicides, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 14, 1114, 2001.
190. Cao, H., Li, X., and Dong, X., Generation of broad-spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of an essential regulatory gene in systemic acquired resistance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 6531, 1998.
191. Lin, W.C. et al., Transgenic tomato plants expressing the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene display enhanced resistance to a spectrum of fungal and bacterial diseases, Transgenic Res., 13, 567, 2004.
192. Fitzgerald, H.A. et al., Overexpression of (At)NPR1 in rice leads to a BTH- and environment-induced lesion-mimic/cell death phenotype, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 17, 140, 2004.
193. Ha, C.M. et al., BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 encodes a BTB/POZ domain protein required for leaf morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Physiol., 45, 1361, 2004.
194. Hepworth, S.R. et al., BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-dependent signaling controls leaf and floral patterning in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 17, 1434, 2005.
195. Heidel, A.J. et al., Fitness costs of mutations affecting the systemic acquired resistance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, Genetics, 168, 2197, 2004.
196. Shin, R. et al., Ectopic expression of Tsi1 in transgenic hot pepper plants enhances host resistance to viral, bacterial, and oomycete pathogens, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 15, 983, 2002.
197. Zhang, H. et al., Tomato stress-responsive factor TSRF1 interacts with ethylene responsive element GCC box and regulates pathogen resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 825, 2004.
198. Lee, J.H., et al., The ethylene-responsive factor like protein 1 (CaERFLP1) of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) interacts in vitro with both GCC and DRE/CRT sequences with different binding affinities: possible biological roles of CaERFLP1 in response to pathogen infection and high salinity conditions in transgenic tobacco plants, Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 61, 2004.