Effectiveness and potential ecological effects of offshore surface dispersant use during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A retrospective analysis of monitoring data

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Volumn 185, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 10281-10295

  Bejarano, Adriana C ^a   Levine, Edwin ^b   Mearns, Alan J ^b  

^a Research Planning Inc   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Dispersant effectiveness; Dispersant use; Monitoring; TPAH; TPH

Indexed keywords

DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLS; DIPROPYLENE GLYCOLS; DISPERSANTS; QUANTITATIVE MEASURES; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS; TPAH; TPH;

BENCHMARKING; MONITORING; OIL SPILLS; PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; SURFACE WATERS;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS;

DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL N BUTYL ETHER; MOLECULAR MARKER; OIL DISPERSANT; PETROLEUM DERIVATIVE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BENCHMARKING; BIOMONITORING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISPERSANT; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; OIL SPILL; OIL SPILL RESPONSE; PAH; PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON; SEA SURFACE; TOXICITY;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DATA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLUOROMETRY; OIL SPILL; PARTICLE SIZE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURFACE PROPERTY; WATER SAMPLING;

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; PETROLEUM; PETROLEUM POLLUTION; SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84890124550     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: 15732959     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3332-y     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aurand, D., Coelho, D., & Slaughter, S. (2009). The relationship between acute and population level effects of exposure to dispersed oil, and the influence of exposure conditions using multiple life history stages of an estuarine copepod, Eurytemora affinis, as a model planktonic organism. http://rfp.crrc.unh.edu/projects/viewProject.php?PROJECT-ID=15. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
2. Aurand, D., & Coelho, G. (2005). Cooperative aquatic toxicity testing of dispersed oil and the chemical response to oil spills: Ecological Effects Research Forum (CROSERF). http://www.ecosystem-management.net/assets/documents// FINAL%20CROSERF%20REPORT.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
3. Bejarano, A. C., & Farr, J. K. (2013). Development of short acute exposure hazard estimates: a tool for assessing the effects of chemical spills in aquatic environments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (in press) doi: 10.1002/etc.2255.
4. BenKinney, M., Brown, J., Mudge, S., Russell, M., Nevin, A., & Huber, C. (2011). Monitoring effects of aerial dispersant application during the MC252 Deepwater Horizon incident In International Oil Spill Conference, Portland, Oregon, a (pp. 7).
5. BenKinney, M., Pascal, B., Huber, C., Wood, B., Russell, M., Nevin, A., et al. (2011). Getting SMARTer: recommendations for improving SMART monitoring procedures based on experiences from the Deepwater Horizon response In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 International Oil Spill Conference, Portland, Oregon, b (pp. 6).
6. Berggreen, U., Hansen, B., & Kiørboe, T. (1988). Food size spectra, ingestion and growth of the copepod Acartia tonsa during development: implications for determination of copepod production. Marine Biology, 99(3), 341-352.
7. Boehm, P. D., Cook, L. L., & Murray, K. J. (2011). Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in seawater: Deepwater Horizon oil spill. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2011(1), abs371. doi: 10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-371.
8. BP (2010). Dispersant studies of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response Interim Report on Surface Application Evaluations Conducted May 17-27, 2010 http://usresponse.bp.com/external/content/document/2911/989647/1/ DISP-App-Studies-Monitoring060810FINAL.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
9. Brown, J. S., Beckmann, D., Bruce, L., Cook, L., & Mudge, S. (2011). PAH depletion ratios document the rapid weathering and attenuation of PAHs in oil samples collected after the Deepwater Horizon In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 International Oil Spill Conference, Portland, Oregon.
10. Clark, J. R., Bragin, G. E., Febbo, R. J., & Letinski, D. J. (2001). Toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed oils under continuous and environmentally realistic exposure conditions: Applicability to dispersant use decisions in spill response planning. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference, Tampa, Florida, (pp. 1249-1255).
11. Conover, R. (1971). Some relations between zooplankton and bunker C oil in Chedabucto Bay following the wreck of the tanker Arrow. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada, 28(9), 1327-1330.
12. Daling, P. S., Brandvik, P., & Reed, M. (1998). Dispersant experience in Norway: dispersant effectiveness, monitoring and fate of dispersed oil. In B. K. Trudel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Conference, Dispersant Use in Alaska: A Technical Update, Anchorage, Alaska, March 18 & 19, 1998 (pp. 111-147): Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute, Cordova, Alaska.
13. Di Toro, D. M., McGrath, J. A., & Stubblefield, W. A. (2007). Predicting the toxicity of neat and weathered crude oil: toxic potential and the toxicity of saturated mixtures. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(1), 24-36.
14. Diercks, A.-R., Highsmith, R. C., Asper, V. L., Joung, D., Zhou, Z., Guo, L., et al. (2010). Characterization of subsurface polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the Deepwater Horizon site. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(20), L20602. doi: 10.1029/2010gl045046.
15. Fuller, C., Bonner, J., Page, C., Ernest, A., McDonald, T., & McDonald, S. (2004). Comparative toxicity of oil, dispersant, and oil plus dispersant to several marine species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23(12), 2941-2949.
16. Greer, C. D., Hodson, P. V., Li, Z., King, T., & Lee, K. (2012). Toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(6), 1324-1333.
17. Gugg, P. M., Henry, C., & Glenn, S. (1999). Proving dispersants work. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1999 International Oil Spill Conference, Seattle, Washington, (pp. 1007-1010)
18. Gulec, I., Leonard, B., & Holdway, D. A. (1997). Oil and dispersed oil toxicity to amphipods and snails. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 4(1), 1-6.
19. Hansen, B. R. H., Nordtug, T., Altin, D., Booth, A., Hessen, K. M., & Olsen, A. J. (2009). Gene expression of GST and CYP330A1 in lipid-rich and lipid-poor female Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda: Crustacea) exposed to dispersed oil. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 72(3-4), 131-139. doi: 10.1080/15287390802537313.
20. Hemmer, M. J., Barron, M. G., & Greene, R. M. (2011). Comparative toxicity of eight oil dispersants, Louisiana sweet crude oil (LSC), and chemically dispersed LSC to two aquatic test species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30(10), 2244-2252.
21. Henry, C. B., Roberts, P. O., & Overton, E. B. (1999). A primer on in-situ fluorometry to monitor dispersed oil. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1999 International Oil Spill Conference, Seattle, Washington, (pp. 5).
22. Lee, R. F., Köster, M., & Paffenhöfer, G.-A. (2012). Ingestion and defecation of dispersed oil droplets by pelagic tunicates. Journal of Plankton Research, 34(12), 1058-1063.
23. Lehr, B., Sky, B., & Possolo, A. (2010). Oil budget calculator, Deepwater Horizon: technical document. A Report to the National Incident Command. http://www.crrc.unh.edu/publications/OilBudgetCalcReport-Nov2010.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
24. Lewis, A., A. Crosbie, L. Davies and T. Lunel. (1998). The AEA '97 North Sea Field Trials on Oil Weathering and Aerial Application of Dispersants In B. K. Trudel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Conference, Dispersant Use in Alaska: A Technical Update, Anchorage, Alaska, March 18 & 19, 1998 (pp. 79-109): Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute, Cordova, Alaska.
25. Li, Z., Lee, K., Kepkey, P. E., Mikkelsen, O., & Pottsmith, C. (2011). Monitoring dispersed oil droplet size distribution at the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon spill site. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2011(1), abs377. doi: 10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-377.
26. Lin, C. Y., Anderson, B. S., Phillips, B. M., Peng, A. C., Clark, S., Voorhees, J., et al. (2009). Characterization of the metabolic actions of crude versus dispersed oil in salmon smolts via NMR-based metabolomics. Aquatic Toxicology, 95(3), 230-238.
27. Lunel, T., & Davies, L. (1996). Dispersant effectiveness in the field on fresh oils and emulsions. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1996 Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Programme, (pp. 1355-1394)
28. Lunel, T., Rusin, J., Bailey, N., Halliwell, C., & Davies, L. (1997). The net environmental benefit of a successful dispersant operation at the Sea Empress incident. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 International Oil Spill Conference, Washington DC, (pp. 185-194)
29. Lunel, T., Swannell, R., Rusin, J., Bailey, N., Halliwell, C., Davies, L., et al. (1996b). Monitoring of the effectiveness of response options during the Sea Empress incident: a key component of the successful counter-pollution response. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 2, 99-112.
30. McIntosh, S., King, T., Wu, D., & Hodson, P. V. (2010). Toxicity of dispersed weathered crude oil to early life stages of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(5), 1160-1167.
31. Mitchell, F. M., & Holdway, D. A. (2000). The acute and chronic toxicity of the dispersants Corexit 9527 and 9500, water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, and dispersant enhanced WAF (DEWAF) to Hydra viridissima (Green hydra). Water Research, 34(1), 343-348.
32. NCP (2012). National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule http://www.epa.gov/OEM/content/ncp. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
33. Olsvik, P. l. A., Hansen, B. r. H., Nordtug, T., Moren, M., Holen, E., & Lie, K. K. (2011). Transcriptional evidence for low contribution of oil droplets to acute toxicity from dispersed oil in first feeding Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 154(4), 333-345.
34. OSAT (2010). Operational Science Advisory Team. Unified Area Command. Summary report for sub-sea and sub-surface oil and dispersant detection: Sampling and monitoring. http://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/ documents/pdf/OSAT-Report-FINAL-17DEC.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
35. Pace, C. B., Clark, J. R., & Bragin, G. E. (1995). Comparing crude oil toxicity under standard and environmentally realistic exposures. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 International Oil Spill Conference, February 27-March 2 (pp. 1003-1004)
36. Paffenhöfer, G. A. (1984). Food ingestion by the marine planktonic copepod Paracalanus in relation to abundance and size distribution of food. Marine Biology, 80(3), 323-333.
37. Perkins, R. A., Rhoton, S., & Behr-Andres, C. (2003). Toxicity of dispersed and undispersed, fresh and weathered oil to larvae of a cold-water species, Tanner crab (C. bairdi), and standard warm-water test species. Cold regions science and technology, 36(1-3), 129-140.
38. Perkins, R. A., Rhoton, S., & Behr-Andres, C. (2005). Comparative marine toxicity testing: A cold-water species and standard warm-water test species exposed to crude oil and dispersant. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 42(3), 226-236.
39. Pollino, C. A., & Holdway, D. A. (2002). Toxicity testing of crude oil and related compounds using early life stages of the crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 52(3), 180-189.
40. Posthuma, L., Suter, G. W., & Traas, T. P. (2002). Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology. Boca Raton: Lewis Publisher.
41. Ramachandran, S. D., Hodson, P. V., Khan, C. W., & Lee, K. (2004). Oil dispersant increases PAH uptake by fish exposed to crude oil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 59(3), 300-308.
42. Rhoton, S. L., Perkins, R. A., Braddock, J. F., & Behr-Andres, C. (2001). A cold-weather species' response to chemically dispersed fresh and weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference, Tampa, Florida, (pp. 1231-1236)
43. RRT 6 (2001). Regional Response Team VI FOSC Dispersant Pre-approval Guidelines and Checklist. Version 4, 2004. http://www.losco.state.la.us/pdf- docs/RRT6-Dispersant-Preapproval-2001.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
44. Singer, Aurand, D. V., Coelho, G. M., Bragin, G. E., Clark, J. R., Jacobson, S., et al. (2001). Making, measuring, and using water-accommodated fractions of petroleum for toxicity testing. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference, Tampa, Florida, (pp. 1269-1274)
45. Singer, M., George, S., Lee, I., Jacobson, S., Weetman, L., Blondina, G., et al. (1998). Effects of dispersant treatment on the acute aquatic toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 34(2), 177-187.
46. Stoermer, S., Butler, G., & Henry, C. (2001). Application of dispersants to mitigate oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico: The Poseidon Pipeline spill case study. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference, Tampa, Florida, (pp. 1227-1299)
47. Tan, S. H. (2011). In-situ fluorometry and SMART protocol - The Montara wellhead experience. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 International Oil Spill Conference, Portland, Oregon, (pp. 1-15)
48. USCG, NOAA, USEPA, CDCP, & MMS (2006). Special Monitoring of Applied Response Technologies (SMART). http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa-documents/648- SMART.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
49. USEPA (1994). Title 40.Part 300.Subpart J - use of dispersants and other chemicals. http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID= e23357cf8c81ee6d93608879bd30e2fa&ty=HTML&h=L&n=40y29.0.1.1.1&r= PART. Accessed 31 May 2013.
50. USEPA (2003). Procedures for the derivation of equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs) for the protection of benthic organisms: PAH mixtures. EPA-600-R-02-013. http://www.epa.gov/nheerl/download-files/ publications/PAHESB.pdf. Accessed 8 Mar 2013.
51. Wetzel, D., & Van Fleet, E. S. (2001). Cooperative studies on the toxicity of dispersants and dispersed oil to marine organisms: A 3-year Florida study. In American Petroleum Institute (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference, Tampa, Florida.
52. Wu, R., Lam, P., & Zhou, B. (1998). Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae. Hydrobiologia, 352, 9-16.