메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 2228-2240

Addressing the EU sovereign ratings using an ordinal regression approach

Author keywords

Country risk detection; Negative correlation learning (NCL); Neural networks; Ordinal regression

Indexed keywords

COUNTRY RISKS; CREDIT RATINGS; DIFFERENT CLASS; EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; EUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS; NEGATIVE CORRELATION LEARNING; ORDINAL REGRESSION;

EID: 84890120267     PISSN: 21682267     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSMCC.2013.2247595     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0031256503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences of opinion and selection bias in the credit rating industry
    • PII S0378426697000241
    • R. Cantor and F. Packer, "Differences of opinion and selection bias in the credit rating industry," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1395-1417, 1997. (Pubitemid 127163178)
    • (1997) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1395-1417
    • Cantor, R.1    Packer, F.2
  • 2
    • 4644279736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement, estimation and comparison of credit migration matrices
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.004, PII S0378426604001037, Recent Research on Credit Ratings
    • Y. Jafry and T. Schuermann, "Measurement, estimation and comparison of credit migration matrices," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2603-2639, 2004. (Pubitemid 39305394)
    • (2004) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 2603-2639
    • Jafry, Y.1    Schuermann, T.2
  • 3
    • 41349122071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The informational content of unsolicited ratings
    • P. Behr and A. Güttler, "The informational content of unsolicited ratings," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 587-599, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Bank. Finance , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 587-599
    • Behr, P.1    Güttler, A.2
  • 4
    • 84879037827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sovereign rating news and financial markets spillovers: Evidence from the European debt crisis
    • Mar
    • R. Arezki, B. Candelon, and A. Sy, "Sovereign rating news and financial markets spillovers: Evidence from the European debt crisis," IMFWorking Paper, 11/69, Mar. 2011.
    • (2011) IMF Working Paper, 11/69
    • Arezki, R.1    Candelon, B.2    Sy, A.3
  • 5
    • 4644265058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How rating agencies achieve rating stability
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.006, PII S0378426604001050, Recent Research on Credit Ratings
    • E. I. Altman and H. A. Rijken, "How rating agencies achieve rating stability," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2679-2714, 2004. (Pubitemid 39305396)
    • (2004) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 2679-2714
    • Altman, E.I.1    Rijken, H.A.2
  • 6
    • 4644286713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are credit ratings procyclical?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.005, PII S0378426604001049, Recent Research on Credit Ratings
    • J. D. Amato and C. H. Furfine, "Are credit ratings procyclical?," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2641-2677, 2004. (Pubitemid 39305395)
    • (2004) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 2641-2677
    • Amato, J.D.1    Furfine, C.H.2
  • 7
    • 67349272685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding credit ratings quality: Evidence from UK debt market participants
    • A.Duff and S. Einig, "Understanding credit ratings quality: Evidence from UK debt market participants," Brit. Account. Rev., vol. 41, pp. 107-119, 2009.
    • (2009) Brit. Account. Rev , vol.41 , pp. 107-119
    • Duff, A.1    Einig, S.2
  • 8
    • 77950922120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Split sovereign ratings and rating migrations in emerging economies
    • R. Al-Sakka and O. ap Gwilym, "Split sovereign ratings and rating migrations in emerging economies," Emerg. Markets Rev., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 79-97, 2010.
    • (2010) Emerg. Markets Rev , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-97
    • Al-Sakka, R.1    Ap Gwilym, O.2
  • 9
    • 34548505731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does sovereign debt ratings news spill over to international stock markets?
    • M. A. Ferreira and P. M. Gama, "Does sovereign debt ratings news spill over to international stock markets?," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 3162-3182, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Bank. Finance , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 3162-3182
    • Ferreira, M.A.1    Gama, P.M.2
  • 10
    • 39449111664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sovereign credit ratings, capital flows and financial sector development in emerging markets
    • S. Kim and E. Wu, "Sovereign credit ratings, capital flows and financial sector development in emerging markets," Emerg. Markets Rev., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 17-39, 2008.
    • (2008) Emerg. Markets Rev , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-39
    • Kim, S.1    Wu, E.2
  • 11
    • 0242468449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The national market impact of sovereign rating changes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00406-5, PII S0378426602004065
    • R. Brooks, R. W. Faff, D. Hillier, and J. Hillier, "The national market impact of sovereign rating changes," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 233-250, 2004. (Pubitemid 37421949)
    • (2004) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 233-250
    • Brooks, R.1    Faff, R.W.2    Hillier, D.3    Hillier, J.4
  • 12
    • 44549083269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sovereign rating changes - Do they provide newinformation for stockmarkets?
    • V. Hooper, T. Hume, and S.-J. Kim, "Sovereign rating changes - Do they provide newinformation for stockmarkets?," Econom. Syst., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 142-166, 2008.
    • (2008) Econom. Syst , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 142-166
    • Hooper, V.1    Hume, T.2    Kim, S.-J.3
  • 13
    • 0002481622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants and impact of sovereign credit ratings
    • Oct
    • R. M. Cantor and F. Packer, "Determinants and impact of sovereign credit ratings," Econom. Policy Rev., pp. 37-53, Oct. 1996.
    • (1996) Econom. Policy Rev , pp. 37-53
    • Cantor, R.M.1    Packer, F.2
  • 14
    • 20344380664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sovereign ceiling and emerging market corporate bond spreads
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2005.03.005, PII S0261560605000355
    • E. Durbin and D. Ng, "The sovereign ceiling and emerging market corporate bond spreads," J. Int. Money Finance, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 631-649, 2005. (Pubitemid 40792376)
    • (2005) Journal of International Money and Finance , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 631-649
    • Durbin, E.1    Ng, D.2
  • 15
    • 84977725519 scopus 로고
    • The effect of bond rating agency announcements on bond and stock prices
    • J. R. M. Hand, R. W. Holthausen, and R. W. Leftwich, "The effect of bond rating agency announcements on bond and stock prices," J. Finance, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 733-752, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Finance , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 733-752
    • Hand, J.R.M.1    Holthausen, R.W.2    Leftwich, R.W.3
  • 16
    • 80052071461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy
    • A. Afonso and R. M. Sousa, "The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy," Appl. Econom., vol. 44, no. 34, pp. 4439-4454, 2012.
    • (2012) Appl. Econom , vol.44 , Issue.34 , pp. 4439-4454
    • Afonso, A.1    Sousa, R.M.2
  • 17
    • 0040291377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-run stock returns following bond ratings changes
    • I. D. Dichev and J. Piotroski, "The long-run stock returns following bond ratings changes," J. Finance, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 173-203, 2001. (Pubitemid 33581656)
    • (2001) Journal of Finance , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-203
    • Dichev, I.D.1    Piotroski, J.D.2
  • 18
    • 13844266653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • News spillovers in the sovereign debt market
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jfineco.2003.11.003, PII S0304405X04001576
    • A. Gande and D. C. Parsley, "News spillovers in the sovereign debt market," J. Financ. Econom., vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 691-734, 2005. (Pubitemid 40251009)
    • (2005) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 691-734
    • Gande, A.1    Parsley, D.C.2
  • 19
    • 84871974350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rating agencies' signals during the European sovereign debt crisis: Market impact and spillovers
    • Jan
    • R. Alsakka and O. ap Gwilym, "Rating agencies' signals during the European sovereign debt crisis: Market impact and spillovers," J. Econom. Behavior Org., vol. 85, pp. 144-162, Jan. 2013.
    • (2013) J. Econom. Behavior Org , vol.85 , pp. 144-162
    • Alsakka, R.1    Ap Gwilym, O.2
  • 20
    • 11144332149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the Determinants of Sovereign Debt Ratings: Evidence for the Two Leading Agencies
    • A. Afonso, "Understanding the determinants of sovereign debt ratings: Evidence for the two leading agencies," J. Econom. Finance, vol. 27, pp. 56-74, 2003. (Pubitemid 36218434)
    • (2003) Journal of Economics and Finance , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-74
    • Afonso, A.1
  • 21
    • 33750518156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional environment and sovereign credit ratings
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2006.tb00147.x
    • A. W. Butler and L. Fauver, "Institutional environment and sovereign credit ratings," Financ. Manage., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 53-79, 2006. (Pubitemid 44662003)
    • (2006) Financial Management , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 53-79
    • Butler, A.W.1    Fauver, L.2
  • 22
    • 0039932935 scopus 로고
    • Economic indicators and country risk appraisal
    • N. Sargen, "Economic indicators and country risk appraisal," Econom. Rev., vol. 1, pp. 19-35, 1977.
    • (1977) Econom. Rev , vol.1 , pp. 19-35
    • Sargen, N.1
  • 23
    • 0036071849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The estimation of transition matrices for sovereign credit ratings
    • Y.-T. Hu, R. Kiesel, andW. Perraudin, "The estimation of transition matrices for sovereign credit ratings," J. Bank. Finance, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 1383-1406, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Bank. Finance , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1383-1406
    • Hu, Y.-T.1    Kiesel, R.2    Perraudin, W.3
  • 24
    • 4644251872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rating timing differences between the two leading agencies: Standard and Poor's and Moody's
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ememar.2004.03.006, PII S156601410400038X
    • E. Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, "Rating timing differences between the two leading agencies: Standard and Poor's and Moody's," Emerg. Markets Rev., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 361-378, 2004. (Pubitemid 39305440)
    • (2004) Emerging Markets Review , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 361-378
    • Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, E.1
  • 25
    • 67650096279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ordered response models for sovereign debt ratings
    • A. Afonso, P. Gomes, and P. Rother, "Ordered response models for sovereign debt ratings," Appl. Econom. Lett., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 769-773, 2009.
    • (2009) Appl. Econom. Lett , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 769-773
    • Afonso, A.1    Gomes, P.2    Rother, P.3
  • 26
    • 30944444599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling sovereign credit ratings: Neural networks versus ordered probit
    • DOI 10.1016/j.eswa.2005.10.002, PII S0957417405002824, Intelligent Information Systems for Financial Engineering
    • J. A. Bennell, D. Crabbe, S. Thomas, and O. ap Gwilym, "Modelling sovereign credit ratings: Neural networks versus ordered probit," Exper. Syst. Appl., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 415-425, 2006. (Pubitemid 43113263)
    • (2006) Expert Systems with Applications , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-425
    • Bennell, J.A.1    Crabbe, D.2    Thomas, S.3    Gwilym, O.A.4
  • 27
    • 9244223578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of country risk models: Hybrid neural networks, logit models, discriminant analysis and cluster techniques
    • J. Yim and H. Mitchell, "Comparison of country risk models: Hybrid neural networks, logit models, discriminant analysis and cluster techniques," Exper. Syst. Appl., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 137-148, 2005.
    • (2005) Exper. Syst. Appl , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-148
    • Yim, J.1    Mitchell, H.2
  • 28
    • 84855202615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A corporate credit rating model using multi-class support vector machines with an ordinal pairwise partitioning approach
    • K.-J. Kim and H. Ahn, "A corporate credit rating model using multi-class support vector machines with an ordinal pairwise partitioning approach," Comput. Oper. Res., vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1800-1811, 2012.
    • (2012) Comput. Oper. Res , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 1800-1811
    • Kim, K.-J.1    Ahn, H.2
  • 29
    • 58349100252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective ensemble based on expected probabilities for bankruptcy prediction
    • C. Hung and J.-H. Chen, "A selective ensemble based on expected probabilities for bankruptcy prediction," Exper. Syst. Appl., vol. 36, no. 3, part 1, pp. 5297-5303, 2009.
    • (2009) Exper. Syst. Appl , vol.36 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 5297-5303
    • Hung, C.1    Chen, J.-H.2
  • 30
    • 36148959733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Credit risk assessment with a multistage neural network ensemble learning approach
    • DOI 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.01.009, PII S0957417407000206
    • L. Yu, S. Wang, and K. K. Lai, "Credit risk assessment with a multistage neural network ensemble learning approach," Exper. Syst. Appl., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1434-1444, 2008. (Pubitemid 350117510)
    • (2008) Expert Systems with Applications , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 1434-1444
    • Yu, L.1    Wang, S.2    Lai, K.K.3
  • 31
    • 0001306637 scopus 로고
    • Regression models for ordinal data
    • P. McCullagh, "Regression models for ordinal data," J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B, vol. 4, pp. 109-142, 1980.
    • (1980) J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B , vol.4 , pp. 109-142
    • McCullagh, P.1
  • 33
    • 14544278410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online ranking by projecting
    • DOI 10.1162/0899766052530848
    • K. Crammer and Y. Singer, "Online ranking by projecting," Neural Comput., vol. 17, pp. 145-175, 2005. (Pubitemid 40305886)
    • (2005) Neural Computation , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-175
    • Crammer, K.1    Singer, Y.2
  • 34
    • 84899011021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranking with large margin principle: Two approaches
    • S. Becker, S. Thrun, and K. Obermayer, Eds. Cambridge,MA, USA: MIT Press
    • A. Shashua and A. Levin, "Ranking with large margin principle: Two approaches," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15. S. Becker, S. Thrun, and K. Obermayer, Eds. Cambridge,MA, USA: MIT Press, 2002, pp. 937-944.
    • (2002) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 , pp. 937-944
    • Shashua, A.1    Levin, A.2
  • 35
    • 21844453228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaussian processes for ordinal regression
    • W. Chu and Z. Ghahramani, "Gaussian processes for ordinal regression," J. Mach. Learn. Res., vol. 6, pp. 1019-1041, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Mach. Learn. Res , vol.6 , pp. 1019-1041
    • Chu, W.1    Ghahramani, Z.2
  • 36
    • 33847626350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support vector ordinal regression
    • W. Chu and S. S. Keerthi, "Support vector ordinal regression," Neural Comput., vol. 19, pp. 792-815, 2007.
    • (2007) Neural Comput , vol.19 , pp. 792-815
    • Chu, W.1    Keerthi, S.S.2
  • 37
    • 34547698831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to classify ordinal data: The data replication method
    • J. S. Cardoso and J. F. P. da Costa, "Learning to classify ordinal data: The data replication method," J. Mach. Learn. Res., vol. 8, pp. 1393-1429, 2007. (Pubitemid 47210277)
    • (2007) Journal of Machine Learning Research , vol.8 , pp. 1393-1429
    • Cardoso, J.S.1    Pinto Da Costa, J.F.2
  • 38
    • 78149335156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved ordinal regression approach with sum-of-margin principle
    • Aug. 10-12
    • B.-Y. Sun, X.-M. Zhang, and W.-B. Li, "An improved ordinal regression approach with sum-of-margin principle," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Natural Comput., Aug. 10-12, 2010, pp. 853-857.
    • (2010) Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Natural Comput , pp. 853-857
    • Sun, B.-Y.1    Zhang, X.-M.2    Li, W.-B.3
  • 39
    • 33749018252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of diversity measures
    • DOI 10.1007/s10994-006-9449-2
    • E. K. Tang, P. N. Suganthan, and X. Yao, "An analysis of diversity measures," Mach. Learn., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 247-271, 2006. (Pubitemid 44451200)
    • (2006) Machine Learning , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-271
    • Tang, E.K.1    Suganthan, P.N.2    Yao, X.3
  • 40
    • 84862515469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review on ensembles for the class imbalance problem: Bagging, boosting, and hybrid-based approaches
    • Jul
    • M. Galar, A. Fernandez, E. Barrenechea, H. Bustince, and F. Herrera, "A review on ensembles for the class imbalance problem: Bagging, boosting, and hybrid-based approaches," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 463-484, Jul. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-484
    • Galar, M.1    Fernandez, A.2    Barrenechea, E.3    Bustince, H.4    Herrera, F.5
  • 41
    • 84948166287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Simple Approach to Ordinal Classification
    • Machine Learning: ECML 2001
    • E. Frank and M. Hall, "A simple approach to ordinal classification," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Mach. Learn., 2001, pp. 145-156. (Pubitemid 33331065)
    • (2001) LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE , Issue.2167 , pp. 145-156
    • Frank, E.1    Hall, M.2
  • 42
    • 84857518260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ensemble of weighted support vector machines for ordinal regression
    • W. Waegeman and L. Boullart, "An ensemble of weighted support vector machines for ordinal regression," Int. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47-51, 2009.
    • (2009) Int. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-51
    • Waegeman, W.1    Boullart, L.2
  • 43
    • 0033485370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble learning via negative correlation
    • Y. Liu and X. Yao, "Ensemble learning via negative correlation," Neural Netw., vol. 12, pp. 1399-1404, 1999.
    • (1999) Neural Netw , vol.12 , pp. 1399-1404
    • Liu, Y.1    Yao, X.2
  • 44
    • 0034315099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensembles with negative correlation learning
    • Nov
    • Y. Liu, X. Yao, and T. Higuchi, "Ensembles with negative correlation learning," IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 380-387, Nov. 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-387
    • Liu, Y.1    Yao, X.2    Higuchi, T.3
  • 45
    • 0036921404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging market instability: Do sovereign ratings affect country risk and stock returns?
    • G. Kaminsky and S. L. Schmukler, "Emerging market instability: Do sovereign ratings affect country risk and stock returns?," World Bank Econom. Rev., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 171-195, 2002. (Pubitemid 36036466)
    • (2002) World Bank Economic Review , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-195
    • Kaminsky, G.1    Schmukler, S.L.2
  • 46
    • 0001573206 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of debt servicing capacity: An application of discriminant analysis
    • C. J. Frank and W. R. Cline, "Measurement of debt servicing capacity: An application of discriminant analysis," J. Int. Econom., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 327-344, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Int. Econom , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 327-344
    • Frank, C.J.1    Cline, W.R.2
  • 47
    • 0039846719 scopus 로고
    • Statistical credit scoring of municipal bonds
    • Nov
    • W. T. Carleton and E. M. Lerner, "Statistical credit scoring of municipal bonds," J. Money, Credit Bank., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 750-764, Nov. 1969.
    • (1969) J. Money, Credit Bank , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 750-764
    • Carleton, W.T.1    Lerner, E.M.2
  • 48
    • 79960893968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary q-Gaussian radial basis functions neural networks for multi-classification
    • F. Fernández-Navarro, C. Hervás-Martínez, P. A. Gutierrez, and M. Carboreno, "Evolutionary q-Gaussian radial basis functions neural networks for multi-classification," Neural Netw., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 779-784, 2011.
    • (2011) Neural Netw , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 779-784
    • Fernández-Navarro, F.1    Hervás-Martínez, C.2    Gutierrez, P.A.3    Carboreno, M.4
  • 49
    • 80053574083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuro-logistic models based on evolutionary generalized radial basis function for the microarray gene expression classification problem
    • A. Castaño, F. Fernández-Navarro, C. Hervás- Martínez, and P. A. Gutierrez, "Neuro-logistic models based on evolutionary generalized radial basis function for the microarray gene expression classification problem," Neural Process. Lett., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 117-131, 2011.
    • (2011) Neural Process. Lett , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-131
    • Castaño, A.1    Fernández-Navarro, F.2    Hervás- Martínez, C.3    Gutierrez, P.A.4
  • 50
    • 80955178270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MELM-GRBF: A modified version of the extreme learning machine for generalized radial basis function neural networks
    • F. Fernández-Navarro, C. Hervás-Martínez, J. Sánchez-Monedero, and P. A. Gutierrez, "MELM-GRBF: A modified version of the extreme learning machine for generalized radial basis function neural networks," Neurocomputing, vol. 74, no. 16, pp. 2502-2510, 2011.
    • (2011) Neurocomputing , vol.74 , Issue.16 , pp. 2502-2510
    • Fernández-Navarro, F.1    Hervás-Martínez, C.2    Sánchez-Monedero, J.3    Gutierrez, P.A.4
  • 52
    • 2442665617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Credit rating analysis with support vector machines and neural networks: A market comparative study
    • Z. Huang, H. Chen, C.-J. Hsu, W.-H. Chen, and S. Wu, "Credit rating analysis with support vector machines and neural networks: A market comparative study," Decis. Supp. Syst., vol. 37, pp. 543-558, 2004.
    • (2004) Decis. Supp. Syst , vol.37 , pp. 543-558
    • Huang, Z.1    Chen, H.2    Hsu, C.-J.3    Chen, W.-H.4    Wu, S.5
  • 53
    • 0005944603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural networks and empirical research in accounting
    • D. Trigueiros and R. Taffler, "Neural networks and empirical research in accounting," Account. Bus. Res., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 347-355, 1996.
    • (1996) Account. Bus. Res , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 347-355
    • Trigueiros, D.1    Taffler, R.2
  • 54
    • 0041671074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online pattern classification with multiple neural network systems: An experimental study
    • May
    • C. P. Lim and R. F. Harrison, "Online pattern classification with multiple neural network systems: An experimental study," IEEE Trans. Syst.,Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 235-247, May 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Syst.,Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-247
    • Lim, C.P.1    Harrison, R.F.2
  • 55
    • 84862562690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machine learning in financial crisis prediction: A survey
    • Jul
    • W. Lin, Y. H. Hu, and C.-F. Tsai, "Machine learning in financial crisis prediction: A survey," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C. Appl. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 421-436, Jul. 2012.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C. Appl. Rev , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-436
    • Lin, W.1    Hu, Y.H.2    Tsai, C.-F.3
  • 56
    • 0030085913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of decision boundaries in linearly combined neural classifiers
    • DOI 10.1016/0031-3203(95)00085-2
    • K. Tumer and J. Ghosh, "Analysis of decision boundaries in linearly combined neural classifiers," Pattern Recognit., vol. 29, pp. 341-348, 1996. (Pubitemid 126397840)
    • (1996) Pattern Recognition , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-348
    • Tumer, K.1    Ghosh, J.2
  • 57
    • 0030365938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error correlation and error reduction in ensemble classifiers
    • K. Tumer and J. Ghosh, "Error correlation and error reduction in ensemble classifiers," Connect. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 385-404, 1996.
    • (1996) Connect. Sci , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 385-404
    • Tumer, K.1    Ghosh, J.2
  • 58
    • 67649380729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic classification vector machines
    • Jun
    • H. Chen, P. Tino, and X. Yao, "Probabilistic classification vector machines," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 901-914, Jun. 2009.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 901-914
    • Chen, H.1    Tino, P.2    Yao, X.3
  • 59
    • 25444484657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing diversity in regression ensembles
    • G. Brown, J. L. Wyatt, and P. Tiňo, "Managing diversity in regression ensembles," J. Mach. Learn. Res., vol. 6, pp. 1621-1650, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Mach. Learn. Res , vol.6 , pp. 1621-1650
    • Brown, G.1    Wyatt, J.L.2    Tiňo, P.3
  • 60
    • 79959396934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative correlation learning for classification ensembles
    • Jul
    • S. Wang, H. Chen, and X. Yao, "Negative correlation learning for classification ensembles," in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw., Jul. 2010, pp. 1-8.
    • (2010) Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw , pp. 1-8
    • Wang, S.1    Chen, H.2    Yao, X.3
  • 61
    • 0040757858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The declining credit quality of US corporate debt: Myth or reality
    • M. E. Blume, F. Lim, and A. C. Mackinlay, "The declining credit quality of U.S. corporate debt: Myth or reality," J. Financ. Econom., vol. 53, pp. 458-472, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Financ. Econom , vol.53 , pp. 458-472
    • Blume, M.E.1    Lim, F.2    Mackinlay, A.C.3
  • 62
    • 58849151727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing credit rating standards in the UK: Empirical evidence from 1999 to 2004
    • E. Gonis and P. Taylor, "Changing credit rating standards in the UK: Empirical evidence from 1999 to 2004," Appl. Financ. Econom., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 213-225, 2009.
    • (2009) Appl. Financ. Econom , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-225
    • Gonis, E.1    Taylor, P.2
  • 63
    • 0000855981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The procyclical role of rating agencies: Evidence from the East Asian crisis
    • G. Ferri, L.-G. Liu, and J. E. Stiglitz, "The procyclical role of rating agencies: Evidence from the East Asian crisis," Econom. Notes, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 335-355, 1999.
    • (1999) Econom. Notes , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-355
    • Ferri, G.1    Liu, L.-G.2    Stiglitz, J.E.3
  • 64
    • 79960995340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pigs or lambs? the European sovereign debt crisis and the role of rating agencies
    • M. Gartner, B. Griesbach, and F. Jung, "Pigs or lambs? The European sovereign debt crisis and the role of rating agencies," Int. Adv. Econom. Res., vol. 17, pp. 288-299, 2011.
    • (2011) Int. Adv. Econom. Res , vol.17 , pp. 288-299
    • Gartner, M.1    Griesbach, B.2    Jung, F.3
  • 66
    • 79551495958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadow sovereign ratings for unrated developing countries
    • D. Ratha, P. K. De, and S. Mohapatra, "Shadow sovereign ratings for unrated developing countries," World Dev., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 295-307, 2011.
    • (2011) World Dev , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-307
    • Ratha, D.1    De, P.K.2    Mohapatra, S.3
  • 67
    • 0000853904 scopus 로고
    • The determinants of international creditworthiness and their policy implications
    • G. Feder and L. V. Uy, "The determinants of international creditworthiness and their policy implications," J. Policy Model., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 133-156, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Policy Model , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-156
    • Feder, G.1    Uy, L.V.2
  • 68
    • 21244500957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logistic model trees
    • DOI 10.1007/s10994-005-0466-3
    • N. Landwehr, M. Hall, and E. Frank, "Logistic model trees," Mach. Learn., vol. 59, no. 1-2, pp. 161-205, 2005. (Pubitemid 40890416)
    • (2005) Machine Learning , vol.59 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 161-205
    • Landwehr, N.1    Hall, M.2    Frank, E.3
  • 72
    • 39649107920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ordinal regression by extended binary classification
    • L. Li and H.-T. Lin, "Ordinal regression by extended binary classification," in Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 19, 2007, pp. 865-872.
    • (2007) Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst , vol.19 , pp. 865-872
    • Li, L.1    Lin, H.-T.2
  • 74
    • 33847626350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support vector ordinal regression
    • W. Chu and S. S. Keerthi, "Support vector ordinal regression," Neural Comput., vol. 19, pp. 792-815, 2007.
    • (2007) Neural Comput , vol.19 , pp. 792-815
    • Chu, W.1    Keerthi, S.S.2
  • 78
    • 13644279377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the determinants of sovereign ratings
    • DOI 10.1016/j.gfj.2004.03.004, PII S1044028304000705
    • E. Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, "An analysis of the determinants of sovereign ratings," Global Finance J., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 251-280, 2005. (Pubitemid 40233556)
    • (2005) Global Finance Journal , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-280
    • Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, E.1
  • 79
    • 79959929594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fact and fiction in EU-governmental economic data
    • B. Rauch, M. Gottsche, G. Brahler, and S. Engel, "Fact and fiction in EU-governmental economic data," German Econom. Rev., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 243-255, 2011.
    • (2011) German Econom. Rev , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-255
    • Rauch, B.1    Gottsche, M.2    Brahler, G.3    Engel, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.