The rare event of choice: Party primaries in German Land parties

German Politics

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 270-287

  Detterbeck, Klaus ^a  

^a OTTO VON GUERICKE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890119908     PISSN: 09644008     EISSN: 17438993     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09644008.2013.794451     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. See 'Klares Votum für Albig', Süddeutsche Zeitung, 28 Feb. 2011, p.6.
2. 'Ein nüchterner Realpolitiker als neuer SPD-Spitzenkandidat', Die Zeit, 27 Feb. 2011, p.4.
3. See 'Niedersachsen SPD wählt Weil zum Spitzenmann', Die Welt, 27 Nov. 2011, p.4.
4. L. LeDuc, 'Democratizing Party Leadership Selection', Party Politics 7/3 (2001), pp.323-41.
5. O. Kenig, 'Democratization of Party Leadership Selection: Do Wider Selectorates Produce more Competitive Contests?', Electoral Studies 28/4 (2009), pp.240-47.
6. W. Cross and A. Blais, 'Who Selects the Party Leader?', Party Politics 18/2 (2012), pp.127-50.
7. For a similar approach in the Canadian case, see W. Cross, 'Direct Election of Provincial Party Leaders in Canada, 1985-1995: The End of the Leadership Convention?', Canadian Journal of Political Science 29/3 (1996), pp.295-315.
8. P. Mair, Party System Change. Approaches and Interpretations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p.146.
9. R. Katz and P. Mair, 'The Ascendancy of the Party in Public Office: Party Organizational Change in Twentieth-Century Democracies', in R. Gunter, J. Montero and J. Linz (eds), Political Parties. Old Concepts and New Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp.113-35.
10. R. Seyd, 'New Parties/New Politics? A Case Study of the British Labour Party', Party Politics 5/3, (1999), pp. 383-405.
11. Mair, Party System Change, pp.148-50.
12. See G. Rahat and R. Hazan, 'Political Participation in Party Primaries: Increase in Quantity, Decrease in Quality', in T. Zittel and D. Fuchs (eds), Participatory Democracy and Political Participation (London: Sage, 2006), pp.57-72.
13. S. Scarrow, P. Webb and D. Farrell, 'From Social Integration to Electoral Contestation: The Changing Distribution of Power within Political Parties', in R. Dalton and M. Wattenberg (eds), Parties without Partisans (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp.129-53.
14. K. Detterbeck, 'Die Relevanz der Mitglieder: Das Dilemma effektiver Partizipation', in U. Jun, O. Niedermayer and E. Wiesendahl (eds), Zukunft der Mitgliederpartei (Opladen: Barbara Budrich, 2009), pp.71-88.
15. Cross and Blais, 'Who Selects the Party Leader?', p.8.
16. S. Scarrow, 'Parties and the Expansion of Direct Democracy, Who Benefits?', Party Politics 5/3 (1999), pp.341-62.
17. J. Hopkin, 'Bringing the Members Back In? Democratizing Candidate Selection in Britain and Spain', Party Politics 7/3 (2001), pp.343-61.
18. LeDuc, 'Democratizing Party Leadership Selection', pp.325-26.
19. Scarrow et al., 'From Social Integration to Electoral Contestation', p.143.
20. Kenig, 'Democratization', pp.242-43.
21. T. Poguntke, 'Parties in a Legalistic Culture: The Case of Germany', in R. Katz and P. Mair (eds), How Parties Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies (London: Sage, 1994), pp.188-91.
22. E. Wiesendahl, Mitgliederparteien am Ende? Eine Kritik der Niedergangsdiskussion (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, 2006).
23. O. Niedermayer, 'Parteimitglieder seit 1990: Version 2011', Freie Universität Berlin, Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto-Stammer-Zentrum, Nr. 18 (2011).
24. M. Lübker, 'Mitgliederentscheide und Urwahlen aus Sicht der Parteimitglieder: Empirische Befunde der Potsdamer Mitgliederstudie', Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 33/4 (2002), pp.716-39.
25. S. Schüttemeyer and R. Sturm, 'Der Kandidat-das (fast) unbekannte Wesen: Befunde und Überlegungen zur Aufstellung der Bewerber zum Deutschen Bundestag', Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 36/3 (2005), pp.539-53.
26. See Scarrow, 'Parties and the Expansion of Direct Democracy', pp.354-55.
27. See 'Knapper Sieg über Euroskeptiker', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 16 Dec. 2011, p.1.
28. The Green membership ballot for the two electoral leaders was decided in November 2012. A high number of 15 candidates stood in the contest which saw a turnout of 61.6 per cent. While most of them were seen as outsiders from the start, at least four prominent members of the Green party leadership competed for the two leadership positions for the 2013 federal election.
29. U. von Alemann and A. Laux, 'Mitglieder als Faktor innerparteilicher Willensbildung und Entscheidungsfindung', in K.-R. Korte and J. Treibel (eds), Wie entscheiden Parteien? Prozesse innerparteilicher Willensbildung (Baden-Baden: Nomos), pp.260-61.
30. Lübker, 'Mitgliederentscheide', pp.725-26.
31. S. Beil and N. Lepzy, 'Die Reformdiskussion in den Volksparteien', Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Interne Studien Nr. 80 (1995), Sankt Augustin.
32. K. Detterbeck and C. Jeffery, 'Rediscovering the Region: Territorial Politics and Party Organizations in Germany', in W. Swenden and B. Maddens (eds), Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), pp.63-85.
33. In the analysis, the 2007 SPD Hamburg ballot for electoral leadership which has been cancelled after massive fraud with most of the poll papers having disappeared is disregarded. The other relevant parties (Greens, FDP, Left Party) have, to my knowledge, not held any leadership primaries at the Land level yet.
34. See Scarrow, 'Parties and the Expansion of Direct Democracy', p.349.
35. B. Becker, 'Innerparteiliche Reformmöglichkeiten für die deutschen Parteien. Von Großbritannien lernen', Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 30/3 (1999), pp.447-66.
36. U. Jun, 'Organisationsreformen der Mitgliederparteien ohne durchschlagenden Erfolg: Die innerparteilichen Veränderungen von CDU und SPD seit den 1990er Jahren', in U. Jun, O. Niedermayer and E. Wiesendahl (eds), Zukunft der Mitgliederpartei (Opladen: Barbara Budrich, 2009), pp.187-210.
37. According to a 2006 CDU membership survey, 16 per cent regularly attend party meetings. This is consistent with earlier findings in the 1970s and 1990s. However, there is some evidence that among the shrinking membership more people would consider taking a more active role. In 2006, 44 per cent of the respondents showed interest in active participation inside the CDU while in 1977 and 1993 only 25 per cent proved willing to do so. See V. Neu, 'Sozialstruktur und politische Orientierungen der CDU-Mitglieder 1993-2006', in U. Jun, O. Niedermayer and E. Wiesendahl (eds), Zukunft der Mitgliederpartei (Opladen: Barbara Budrich, 2009), pp.159-84.
38. Cross and Blais, 'Who Selects the Party Leader?'
39. Scarrow, 'Parties and the Expansion of Direct Democracy', pp.355-56.
40. O.W. Gabriel, 'Die baden-württembergische Landtagswahl vom 25. März 2001: Fehlschlag einer Teufelsaustreibung', Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 33/1 (2002), pp.10-25.
41. See Cross and Blais, 'Who Selects the Party Leader?'
42. In the CDU Baden-Württemberg (2004), for example, Günther Oettinger represented the urban and liberal wing of the party, whereas Annette Schavan found strong support in the more conservative camp. Oettinger, who had led the Land parliamentary party for a long time was the man of the party establishment, while Schavan (Land minister of culture at that time) pushed successfully for the membership ballot in the hope of winning grassroots support. See Süddeutsche Zeitung, 27 Oct. 2004, p.6.
43. Jun, 'Organisationsreformen', p.190.