Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine: Applications and developments in diagnostics and therapy

RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren

Volumn 185, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1149-1166

  Ittrich, H ^a   Peldschus, K ^a   Raabe, N ^a   Kaul, M ^a   Adam, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

contrast media; iron oxide; molecular imaging; MRI; nanoparticles; SPIO

Indexed keywords

CLIAVIST; CONTRAST MEDIUM; FERRISTENE; FERUCARBOTRAN; FERUMOXYTOL; GADOLINIUM CHELATE; GASTRO MARK; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; ULTRASMALL SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BACKACHE; BIOMEDICINE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CELL THERAPY; CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GRAFT REJECTION; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MATERIAL COATING; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MOLECULAR THERAPY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; NERVE DEGENERATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARTICLE SIZE; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; SCINTIGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; SUSCEPTIBILITY WEIGHTED IMAGING; SYNOVITIS; TUMOR CELL; URTICARIA; VASODILATATION;

ANIMALS; COATED MATERIALS, BIOCOMPATIBLE; FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE; HUMANS; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATE; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NANOPARTICLES; NEOPLASMS; PARTICLE SIZE; QUALITY CONTROL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84889885293     PISSN: 14389029     EISSN: 14389010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335438     Document Type: Article

References (231)

1. Bean C. P. Magnetic Granulometry and Superparamagnetism. J Appl Phys: 1956; 27 1448 1452
2. Bean C. P., Livingston J. D. Superparamagnetism. J Appl Phys: 1959; 30 120 129
3. Néel L. Théorie du traînage magnétique des ferromagnétiques en grains fins avec applications aux terres cuites. Ann Géophys: 1949; 5 99 136
4. Schoonmann J. Nanostructured materials in solid state ionics. Solid State Ionics: 2000; 135 5 19
5. Kemshead J. T., Ugelstad J. Magnetic separation techniques: their application to medicine. Mol Cell Biochem: 1985; 67 11 18 (Pubitemid 15054163)
6. Josephson L., Lewis J., Jacobs P. et al. The effects of iron oxides on proton relaxivity. Magn Reson Imaging: 1988; 6 647 653 (Pubitemid 19024846)
7. Hemmingsson A., Carlsten J., Ericsson A. et al. Relaxation enhancement of the dog liver and spleen by biodegradable superparamagnetic particles in proton magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol: 1987; 28 703 705 (Pubitemid 18041774)
8. Weissleder R., Elizondo G., Wittenberg J. et al. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: an intravenous contrast agent for assessing lymph nodes with MR imaging. Radiology: 1990; 175 494 498 (Pubitemid 20135291)
9. Seneterre E., Weissleder R., Jaramillo D. et al. Bone marrow: ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide for MR imaging. Radiology: 1991; 179 529 533
10. Stillman A. E., Wilke N., Li D. et al. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide to enhance MRA of the renal and coronary arteries: studies in human patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr: 1996; 20 51 55 (Pubitemid 26044029)
11. Schmitz S. A., Coupland S. E., Gust R. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaques in Watanabe hereditable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Invest Radiol: 2000; 35 460 471 (Pubitemid 30622013)
12. Schmitz S. A., Winterhalter S., Schiffler S. et al. USPIO-enhanced direct MR imaging of thrombus: preclinical evaluation in rabbits. Radiology: 2001; 221 237 243 (Pubitemid 32880395)
13. Hahn P. F., Stark D. D., Weissleder R. et al. Clinical application of superparamagnetic iron oxide to MR imaging of tissue perfusion in vascular liver tumors. Radiology: 1990; 174 361 366 (Pubitemid 20038589)
14. Canet E., Revel D., Forrat R. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles and positive enhancement for myocardial perfusion studies assessed by subsecond T1-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Imaging: 1993; 11 1139 1145
15. Trillaud H., Grenier N., Degreze P. et al. First-pass evaluation of renal perfusion with TurboFLASH MR imaging and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1993; 3 83 91
16. Kent T. A., Quast M. J., Kaplan B. J. et al. Assessment of a superparamagnetic iron oxide (AMI-25) as a brain contrast agent. Magn Reson Med: 1990; 13 434 443
17. Bradley R. H., Kent T. A., Eisenberg H. M. et al. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke: 1989; 20 1032 1036 (Pubitemid 19204016)
18. Deloison B., Siauve N., Aimot S. et al. SPIO-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study of placental perfusion in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction. BJOG: 2012; 119 626 633
19. Reiner C. S., Lutz A. M., Tschirch F. et al. USPIO-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in asymptomatic volunteers. Eur Radiol: 2009; 19 1715 1722
20. Lewin M., Carlesso N., Tung C. H. et al. Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells. Nat Biotechnol: 2000; 18 410 414 (Pubitemid 30217528)
21. Bulte J. W., Douglas T., Witwer B. et al. Magnetodendrimers allow endosomal magnetic labeling and in vivo tracking of stem cells. Nat Biotechnol: 2001; 19 1141 1147 (Pubitemid 33115700)
22. Islam T., Josephson L. Current state and future applications of active targeting in malignancies using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Cancer Biomark: 2009; 5 99 107
23. Yu Y., Sun D. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle theranostics for multimodality tumor imaging, gene delivery, targeted drug and prodrug delivery. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol: 2010; 3 117 130
24. Jordan A., Scholz R., Maier-Hauff K. et al. The effect of thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles on rat malignant glioma. J Neurooncol: 2006; 78 7 14 (Pubitemid 43786652)
25. Bruns O. T., Ittrich H., Peldschus K. et al. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging and quantification of lipoprotein metabolism in vivo using nanocrystals. Nat Nanotechnol: 2009; 4 193 201
26. Bartelt A., Bruns O. T., Reimer R. et al. Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nat Med: 2011; 17 200 205
27. Gleich B., Weizenecker J. Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles. Nature: 2005; 435 1214 1217 (Pubitemid 40943083)
28. Taupitz M., Schmitz S., Hamm B. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: current state and future development. Fortschr Röntgenstr: 2003; 175 752 765 (Pubitemid 36806756)
29. Bulte J. W., Kraitchman D. L. Iron oxide MR contrast agents for molecular and cellular imaging. NMR Biomed: 2004; 17 484 499 (Pubitemid 39549426)
30. Dodd S. J., Williams M., Suhan J. P. et al. Detection of single mammalian cells by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Biophys J: 1999; 76 103 109 (Pubitemid 29202442)
31. Haacke E. M., Xu Y., Cheng Y. C. et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med: 2004; 52 612 618 (Pubitemid 39108975)
32. Haacke E. M., Mittal S., Wu Z. et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1. Am J Neuroradiol: 2009; 30 19 30
33. Mittal S., Wu Z., Neelavalli J. et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 2. Am J Neuroradiol: 2009; 30 232 252
34. Eibofner F., Steidle G., Kehlbach R. et al. Positive contrast imaging of iron oxide nanoparticles with susceptibility-weighted imaging. Magn Reson Med: 2010; 64 1027 1038
35. Zhao Q., Langley J., Lee S. et al. Positive contrast technique for the detection and quantification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in MRI. NMR Biomed: 2011; 24 464 472
36. Dahnke H., Liu W., Herzka D. et al. Susceptibility gradient mapping (SGM): a new postprocessing method for positive contrast generation applied to superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (SPIO)-labeled cells. Magn Reson Med: 2008; 60 595 603
37. Massart R., Cabuil V. Effect of some parameters on the formation of colloidal magnetite in alkaline medium - yield and particle-size control. Journal of Chemical Physics: 1987; 84 967 973
38. Sun S., Zeng H. Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. JÂ Am Chem Soc: 2002; 124 8204 8205 (Pubitemid 34875378)
39. Park J., An K., Hwang Y. et al. Ultra-large-scale syntheses of monodisperse nanocrystals. Nat Mater: 2004; 3 891 895
40. Wang Y. X., Hussain S. M., Krestin G. P. Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol: 2001; 11 2319 2331 (Pubitemid 33041104)
41. Shen T., Weissleder R., Papisov M. et al. Monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompounds (MION): physicochemical properties. Magn Reson Med: 1993; 29 599 604 (Pubitemid 23138048)
42. Taupitz M., Schnorr J., Abramjuk C. et al. New generation of monomer-stabilized very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) as contrast medium for MR angiography: preclinical results in rats and rabbits. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2000; 12 905 911
43. Wagner S., Schnorr J., Pilgrimm H. et al. Monomer-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging: preclinical in vivo characterization. Invest Radiol: 2002; 37 167 177 (Pubitemid 34259726)
44. Schnorr J., Wagner S., Pilgrimm H. et al. Preclinical characterization of monomer-stabilized very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) as a blood pool contrast medium for MR angiography. Acad Radiol: 2002; 9 S307 S309 (Pubitemid 34857702)
45. Wunderbaldinger P., Josephson L., Weissleder R. Crosslinked iron oxides (CLIO): a new platform for the development of targeted MR contrast agents. Acad Radiol: 2002; 9 S304 S306 (Pubitemid 34857701)
46. Senpan A., Caruthers S. D., Rhee I. et al. Conquering the dark side: colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano: 2009; 3 3917 3926
47. Gupta A. K., Wells S. Surface-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience: 2004; 3 66 73
48. Chouly C., Pouliquen D., Lucet I. et al. Development of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI: effect of particle size, charge and surface nature on biodistribution. J Microencapsul: 1996; 13 245 255 (Pubitemid 26149536)
49. Laurent S., Bridot J. L., Elst L. V. et al. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Future Med Chem: 2010; 2 427 449
50. Gupta A. K., Gupta M. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials: 2005; 26 3995 4021 (Pubitemid 40044762)
51. Lunov O., Syrovets T., Rocker C. et al. Lysosomal degradation of the carboxydextran shell of coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the fate of professional phagocytes. Biomaterials: 2010; 31 9015 9022
52. Weissleder R., Bogdanov A., Neuwelt E. A. et al. Long-circulating iron oxides for MR imaging. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews: 1995; 16 321 334
53. Corot C., Robert P., Idee J. M. et al. Recent advances in iron oxide nanocrystal technology for medical imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev: 2006; 58 1471 1504 (Pubitemid 44820503)
54. Gupta A. K., Curtis A. S. Surface modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: interaction studies with human fibroblasts in culture. J Mater Sci Mater Med: 2004; 15 493 496 (Pubitemid 39012168)
55. Schafer R., Kehlbach R., Wiskirchen J. et al. Transferrin receptor upregulation: in vitro labeling of rat mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide. Radiology: 2007; 244 514 523 (Pubitemid 47080884)
56. Freund B., Tromsdorf U. I., Bruns O. T. et al. A simple and widely applicable method to (59)fe-radiolabel monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo quantification studies. ACS Nano: 2012; 6 7318 7325
57. Gibson N., Holzwarth U., Abbas K. et al. Radiolabelling of engineered nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo tracing applications using cyclotron accelerators. Arch Toxicol: 2011; 85 751 773
58. Natarajan A., Gruettner C., Ivkov R. et al. NanoFerrite particle based radioimmunonanoparticles: binding affinity and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Bioconjug Chem: 2008; 19 1211 1218 (Pubitemid 351874943)
59. Glaus C., Rossin R., Welch M. J. et al. In vivo evaluation of (64)Cu-labeled magnetic nanoparticles as a dual-modality PET/MR imaging agent. Bioconjug Chem: 2010; 21 715 722
60. de Torres M. R R, Tavare R., Glaria A. et al. 99mTC-bisphosphonate-iron oxide nanoparticle conjugates for dual-modality biomedical imaging. Bioconjug Chem: 2011; 22 455 465
61. Anzai Y., Piccoli C. W., Outwater E. K. et al. Evaluation of neck and body metastases to nodes with ferumoxtran 10-enhanced MR imaging: phase III safety and efficacy study. Radiology: 2003; 228 777 788 (Pubitemid 37025489)
62. Weissleder R., Stark D. D., Engelstad B. L. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Am J Roentgenol: 1989; 152 167 173 (Pubitemid 19024086)
63. Bourrinet P., Bengele H. H., Bonnemain B. et al. Preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic profile of ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance contrast agent. Invest Radiol: 2006; 41 313 324 (Pubitemid 44406193)
64. Kawamori Y., Matsui O., Kadoya M. et al. Differentiation of hepatocellular carcinomas from hyperplastic nodules induced in rat liver with ferrite-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology: 1992; 183 65 72
65. Ferrucci J. T., Stark D. D. Iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first 5 years. Am J Roentgenol: 1990; 155 943 950 (Pubitemid 20356987)
66. Imai Y., Murakami T., Yoshida S. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance images of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histological grading. Hepatology: 2000; 32 205 212 (Pubitemid 30614651)
67. Takeshita K., Nagashima I., Frui S. et al. Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI of the liver with hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodule. J Comput Assist Tomogr: 2002; 26 451 455 (Pubitemid 34564228)
68. Vogl T. J., Hammerstingl R., Keck H. et al. Differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions with MRI using the superparamagnetic contrast medium endorem. Radiologe: 1995; 35 S258 S266
69. Vogl T. J., Hammerstingl R., Schwarz W. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of focal liver lesions. Comparison of the superparamagnetic iron oxide resovist versus gadolinium-DTPA in the same patient. Invest Radiol: 1996; 31 696 708 (Pubitemid 26376447)
70. Kim Y. K., Kim C. S., Han Y. M. et al. Comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Radiol: 2010; 65 358 365
71. Neuwelt E. A., Hamilton B. E., Varallyay C. G. et al. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs): a future alternative magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)? Kidney Int: 2009; 75 465 474
72. Rodriguez E., Netto G., Li Q. K. Intrapancreatic accessory spleen: A case report and review of literature. Diagn Cytopathol: 2012; 41 466 469
73. Anzai Y., Prince M. R. Iron oxide-enhanced MR lymphography: the evaluation of cervical lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1997; 7 75 81 (Pubitemid 28365641)
74. Stets C., Brandt S., Wallis F. et al. Axillary lymph node metastases: a statistical analysis of various parameters in MRI with USPIO. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2002; 16 60 68 (Pubitemid 34700843)
75. Nguyen B. C., Stanford W., Thompson B. H. et al. Multicenter clinical trial of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with primary lung carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1999; 10 468 473 (Pubitemid 29463133)
76. Pultrum B. B., van der Jagt E. J., van Westreenen H. L. et al. Detection of lymph node metastases with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in oesophageal cancer: a feasibility study. Cancer Imaging: 2009; 9 19 28
77. Tokuhara T., Tanigawa N., Matsuki M. et al. Evaluation of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO): diagnostic performance in post-contrast images using new diagnostic criteria. Gastric Cancer: 2008; 11 194 200
78. Koh D. M., Brown G., Temple L. et al. Rectal cancer: mesorectal lymph nodes at MR imaging with USPIO versus histopathologic findings - initial observations. Radiology: 2004; 231 91 99 (Pubitemid 38379645)
79. Harisinghani M. G., Saini S., Slater G. J. et al. MR imaging of pelvic lymph nodes in primary pelvic carcinoma with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (Combidex): preliminary observations. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1997; 7 161 163 (Pubitemid 28365654)
80. Sigovan M., Boussel L., Sulaiman A. et al. Rapid-clearance iron nanoparticles for inflammation imaging of atherosclerotic plaque: initial experience in animal model. Radiology: 2009; 252 401 409
81. Hahn P. F., Stark D. D., Ferrucci J. T. Accumulation of iron oxide particles around liver metastases during MR imaging. Gastrointest Radiol: 1992; 17 173 174
82. Moore A., Marecos E., Bogdanov A. et al. Tumoral distribution of long-circulating dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in a rodent model. Radiology: 2000; 214 568 574 (Pubitemid 30077721)
83. Zimmer C., Weissleder R., Poss K. et al. MR imaging of phagocytosis in experimental gliomas. Radiology: 1995; 197 533 538
84. Kotoura N., Sakamoto K., Fukuda Y. et al. Evaluation of magnetic resonance signal intensity in bone marrow after administration of super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi: 2011; 67 212 220
85. Fukuda Y., Ando K., Ishikura R. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) MRI contrast agent for bone marrow imaging: differentiating bone metastasis and osteomyelitis. Magn Reson Med Sci: 2006; 5 191 196
86. Herrmann K. A., Zech C. J., Michaely H. J. et al. Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging of the small and large bowel using intraluminal dual contrast technique with iron oxide solution and water in magnetic resonance enteroclysis. Invest Radiol: 2005; 40 621 629 (Pubitemid 41208640)
87. Frericks B. B., Wacker F., Loddenkemper C. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental inflammatory bowel disease: quantitative and qualitative analyses with histopathologic correlation in a rat model using the ultrasmall iron oxide SHU 555 C. Invest Radiol: 2009; 44 23 30
88. Saleh A., Schroeter M., Jonkmanns C. et al. In vivo MRI of brain inflammation in human ischaemic stroke. Brain: 2004; 127 1670 1677 (Pubitemid 38899419)
89. Enochs W. S., Harsh G., Hochberg F. et al. Improved delineation of human brain tumors on MR images using a long-circulating, superparamagnetic iron oxide agent. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1999; 9 228 232 (Pubitemid 29115346)
90. Vellinga M. M., Oude E. RD, Seewann A. et al. Pluriformity of inflammation in multiple sclerosis shown by ultra-small iron oxide particle enhancement. Brain: 2008; 131 800 807 (Pubitemid 351294725)
91. Weinstein J. S., Varallyay C. G., Dosa E. et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and central nervous system inflammatory pathologies, a review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab: 2010; 30 15 35
92. Saleh A., Schroeter M., Ringelstein A. et al. Iron oxide particle-enhanced MRI suggests variability of brain inflammation at early stages after ischemic stroke. Stroke: 2007; 38 2733 2737 (Pubitemid 47494011)
93. Ruehm S. G., Corot C., Vogt P. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation: 2001; 103 415 422 (Pubitemid 32105982)
94. Kooi M. E., Cappendijk V. C., Cleutjens K. B. et al. Accumulation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in human atherosclerotic plaques can be detected by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation: 2003; 107 2453 2458 (Pubitemid 36605228)
95. Corot C., Petry K. G., Trivedi R. et al. Macrophage imaging in central nervous system and in carotid atherosclerotic plaque using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol: 2004; 39 619 625 (Pubitemid 39287601)
96. Ahlstrom K. H., Johansson L. O., Rodenburg J. B. et al. Pulmonary MR angiography with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as a blood pool agent and a navigator echo for respiratory gating: pilot study. Radiology: 1999; 211 865 869 (Pubitemid 29249491)
97. Nolte-Ernsting C., Adam G., Bucker A. et al. Abdominal MR angiography performed using blood pool contrast agents: comparison of a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle and a linear gadolinium polymer. Am J Roentgenol: 1998; 171 107 113 (Pubitemid 28308658)
98. Wagner M., Wagner S., Schnorr J. et al. Coronary MR angiography using citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as blood-pool contrast agent: initial experience in humans. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2011; 34 816 823
99. Schnorr J., Taupitz M., Schellenberger E. A. et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance angiography using blood-pool contrast agents: comparison of citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles with gadofosveset trisodium in pigs. Fortschr Röntgenstr: 2012; 184 105 112
100. Knollmann F. D., Bock J. C., Teltenkotter S. et al. Evaluation of portal MR angiography using superparamagnetic iron oxide. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1997; 7 191 196 (Pubitemid 28365659)
101. Ono Y., Marukawa T., Ashikaga R. et al. Three-dimensional MR angiography of HCC and portal and hepatic veins using superparamagnetic iron oxide. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi: 1998; 58 97 98 (Pubitemid 128521024)
102. Tanimoto A., Yuasa Y., Hiramatsu K. Enhancement of phase-contrast MR angiography with superparamagnetic iron oxide. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1998; 8 446 450 (Pubitemid 28150957)
103. Schmitz S. A., Albrecht T., Wolf K. J. MR angiography with superparamagnetic iron oxide: feasibility study. Radiology: 1999; 213 603 607 (Pubitemid 29510616)
104. Lanzman R. S., Schmitt P., Kropil P. et al. Nonenhanced MR angiography techniques. Fortschr Röntgenstr: 2011; 183 913 924
105. Turetschek K., Huber S., Helbich T. et al. Dynamic MRI enhanced with albumin-(Gd-DTPA)30 or ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (NC100150 injection) for the measurement of microvessel permeability in experimental breast tumors. Acad Radiol: 2002; 9 S112 S114 (Pubitemid 34441458)
106. Persigehl T., Wall A., Kellert J. et al. Tumor blood volume determination by using susceptibility-corrected DeltaR2* multiecho MR. Radiology: 2010; 255 781 789
107. Persigehl T., Bieker R., Matuszewski L. et al. Antiangiogenic tumor treatment: early noninvasive monitoring with USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in mice. Radiology: 2007; 244 449 456 (Pubitemid 47080876)
108. Kaufels N., Korn R., Wagner S. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of liver metastases: experimental comparison of anionic and conventional superparamagnetic iron oxide particles with a hepatobiliary contrast medium during dynamic and uptake phases. Invest Radiol: 2008; 43 496 503
109. Bachmann R., Conrad R., Kreft B. et al. Evaluation of a new ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent Clariscan, (NC100150) for MRI of renal perfusion: experimental study in an animal model. JÂ Magn Reson Imaging: 2002; 16 190 195 (Pubitemid 34810057)
110. Rudin M., Rausch M., Stoeckli M. Molecular imaging in drug discovery and development: potential and limitations of nonnuclear methods. Mol Imaging Biol: 2005; 7 5 13 (Pubitemid 41348870)
111. Hudson P. J., Souriau C. Engineered antibodies. Nat Med: 2003; 9 129 134 (Pubitemid 36098274)
112. Neumaier C. E., Baio G., Ferrini S. et al. MR and iron magnetic nanoparticles. Imaging opportunities in preclinical and translational research. Tumori: 2008; 94 226 233 (Pubitemid 351838830)
113. Kelly K. A., Allport J. R., Tsourkas A. et al. Detection of vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression using a novel multimodal nanoparticle. Circ Res: 2005; 96 327 336 (Pubitemid 40279907)
114. Artemov D., Mori N., Okollie B. et al. MR molecular imaging of the Her-2/neu receptor in breast cancer cells using targeted iron oxide nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med: 2003; 49 403 408 (Pubitemid 36262806)
115. Kresse M., Wagner S., Pfefferer D. et al. Targeting of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles to tumor cells in vivo by using transferrin receptor pathways. Magn Reson Med: 1998; 40 236 242 (Pubitemid 28361526)
116. Konda S. D., Aref M., Wang S. et al. Specific targeting of folate-dendrimer MRI contrast agents to the high affinity folate receptor expressed in ovarian tumor xenografts. MAGMA: 2001; 12 104 113 (Pubitemid 32510128)
117. Hsieh W. J., Liang C. J., Chieh J. J. et al. In vivo tumor targeting and imaging with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody-conjugated dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine: 2012; 7 2833 2842
118. Zhang C., Jugold M., Woenne E. C. et al. Specific targeting of tumor angiogenesis by RGD-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner. Cancer Res: 2007; 67 1555 1562 (Pubitemid 46383379)
119. Kiessling F., Huppert J., Zhang C. et al. RGD-labeled USPIO inhibits adhesion and endocytotic activity of alpha v beta3-integrin-expressing glioma cells and only accumulates in the vascular tumor compartment. Radiology: 2009; 253 462 469
120. Moore A., Medarova Z., Potthast A. et al. In vivo targeting of underglycosylated MUC-1 tumor antigen using a multimodal imaging probe. Cancer Res: 2004; 64 1821 1827 (Pubitemid 38428707)
121. Leuschner C., Kumar C. S., Hansel W. et al. LHRH-conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for detection of breast cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat: 2006; 99 163 176 (Pubitemid 44268264)
122. Chopra A. Single-chain anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody fragment conjugated to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. 2004; s. Anhang - aus Molecular Imaging and Contrast Database (MICAD), Internet
123. Vigor K. L., Kyrtatos P. G., Minogue S. et al. Nanoparticles functionalized with recombinant single chain Fv antibody fragments (scFv) for the magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells. Biomaterials: 2010; 31 1307 1315
124. Poselt E., Schmidtke C., Fischer S. et al. Tailor-made quantum dot and iron oxide based contrast agents for in vitro and in vivo tumor imaging. ACS Nano: 2012; 6 3346 3355
125. He Y., Song W., Lei J. et al. Anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody conjugated to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in an application of MR molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Acta Radiol: 2012; 53 1049 1058
126. Cheng K. T. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. 2004; s. Anhang - aus Molecular Imaging and Contrast Database (MICAD), Internet
127. Luchetti A., Milani D., Ruffini F. et al. Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles Allow Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detection of Lymphocytes in the Mouse Brain. Mol Imaging: 2011; s. Anhang (Epub ahead of print)
128. Reimer P., Weissleder R., Lee A. S. et al. Receptor imaging: application to MR imaging of liver cancer. Radiology: 1990; 177 729 734
129. Reimer P., Weissleder R., Shen T. et al. Pancreatic receptors: initial feasibility studies with a targeted contrast agent for MR imaging. Radiology: 1994; 193 527 531 (Pubitemid 24338345)
130. Zhao M., Beauregard D. A., Loizou L. et al. Non-invasive detection of apoptosis using magnetic resonance imaging and a targeted contrast agent. Nat Med: 2001; 7 1241 1244 (Pubitemid 33063780)
131. Schellenberger E. A., Hogemann D., Josephson L. et al. Annexin V-CLIO: a nanoparticle for detecting apoptosis by MRI. Acad Radiol: 2002; 9 S310 S311 (Pubitemid 34857703)
132. Schellenberger E., Schnorr J., Reutelingsperger C. et al. Linking proteins with anionic nanoparticles via protamine: ultrasmall protein-coupled probes for magnetic resonance imaging of apoptosis. Small: 2008; 4 225 230 (Pubitemid 351271155)
133. Smith B. R., Heverhagen J., Knopp M. et al. Localization to atherosclerotic plaque and biodistribution of biochemically derivatized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) contrast particles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biomed Microdevices: 2007; 9 719 727 (Pubitemid 47337895)
134. Briley-Saebo K. C., Cho Y. S., Shaw P. X. et al. Targeted iron oxide particles for in vivo magnetic resonance detection of atherosclerotic lesions with antibodies directed to oxidation-specific epitopes. J Am Coll Cardiol: 2011; 57 337 347
135. Tu C., Ng T. S., Sohi H. K. et al. Receptor-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for molecular MR imaging of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. Biomaterials: 2011; 32 7209 7216
136. McAteer M. A., Akhtar A. M., von Zur Muhlen C. et al. An approach to molecular imaging of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation using microparticles of iron oxide. Atherosclerosis: 2010; 209 18 27
137. Wen S., Liu D. F., Liu Z. et al. OxLDL-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MRI detection of perivascular carotid collar induced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-deficient mice. J Lipid Res: 2012; 53 829 838
138. Weissleder R., Lee A. S., Khaw B. A. et al. Antimyosin-labeled monocrystalline iron oxide allows detection of myocardial infarct: MR antibody imaging. Radiology: 1992; 182 381 385
139. Johansson L. O., Bjornerud A., Ahlstrom H. K. et al. A targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of thrombus: implications of spatial resolution. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2001; 13 615 618 (Pubitemid 32231517)
140. Duerschmied D., Meissner M., Peter K. et al. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging allows the detection of activated platelets in a new mouse model of coronary artery thrombosis. Invest Radiol: 2011; 46 618 623
141. Ariens R. A., Lai T. S., Weisel J. W. et al. Role of factor XIII in fibrin clot formation and effects of genetic polymorphisms. Blood: 2002; 100 743 754 (Pubitemid 34832596)
142. Bulte J. W., Ma L. D., Magin R. L. et al. Selective MR imaging of labeled human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by liposome mediated incorporation of dextran-magnetite particles. Magn Reson Med: 1993; 29 32 37 (Pubitemid 23063066)
143. Bulte J. W., Laughlin P. G., Jordan E. K. et al. Tagging of T cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide: uptake kinetics and relaxometry. Acad Radiol: 1996; 3 S301 S303
144. Bulte J. W., Ben-Hur T., Miller B. R. et al. MR microscopy of magnetically labeled neurospheres transplanted into the Lewis EAE rat brain. Magn Reson Med: 2003; 50 201 205 (Pubitemid 36841877)
145. Josephson L., Tung C. H., Moore A. et al. High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates. Bioconjug Chem: 1999; 10 186 191 (Pubitemid 29147720)
146. Frank J. A., Zywicke H., Jordan E. K. et al. Magnetic intracellular labeling of mammalian cells by combining (FDA-approved) superparamagnetic iron oxide MR contrast agents and commonly used transfection agents. Acad Radiol: 2002; 9 S484 A487
147. Bulte J. W., Douglas T., Witwer B. et al. Magnetodendrimers allow endosomal magnetic labeling and in vivo tracking of stem cells. Nat Biotechnol: 2001; 19 1141 1147 (Pubitemid 33115700)
148. Arbab A. S., Bashaw L. A., Miller B. R. et al. Intracytoplasmic tagging of cells with ferumoxides and transfection agent for cellular magnetic resonance imaging after cell transplantation: methods and techniques. Transplantation: 2003; 76 1123 1130 (Pubitemid 37280845)
149. Frank J. A., Miller B. R., Arbab A. S. et al. Clinically applicable labeling of mammalian and stem cells by combining superparamagnetic iron oxides and transfection agents. Radiology: 2003; 228 480 487 (Pubitemid 36910091)
150. Crabbe A., Vandeputte C., Dresselaers T. et al. Effects of MRI contrast agents on the stem cell phenotype. Cell Transplant: 2010; 19 919 936
151. Arbab A. S., Yocum G. T., Rad A. M. et al. Labeling of cells with ferumoxides-protamine sulfate complexes does not inhibit function or differentiation capacity of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells. NMR Biomed: 2005; 18 553 559 (Pubitemid 43013896)
152. Schafer R., Kehlbach R., Muller M. et al. Labeling of human mesenchymal stromal cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide leads to a decrease in migration capacity and colony formation ability. Cytotherapy: 2009; 11 68 78
153. Naqvi S., Samim M., Abdin M. et al. Concentration-dependent toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles mediated by increased oxidative stress. Int J Nanomedicine: 2010; 5 983 989
154. Chen Y. C., Hsiao J. K., Liu H. M. et al. The inhibitory effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (Ferucarbotran) on osteogenic differentiation and its signaling mechanism in human mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol: 2010; 245 272 279
155. Schafer R., Ayturan M., Bantleon R. et al. The use of clinically approved small particles of iron oxide (SPIO) for labeling of mesenchymal stem cells aggravates clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and influences their in vivo distribution. Cell Transplant: 2008; 17 923 941
156. Karussis D., Karageorgiou C., Vaknin-Dembinsky A. et al. Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol: 2010; 67 1187 1194
157. Politi L. S., Bacigaluppi M., Brambilla E. et al. Magnetic-resonance- based tracking and quantification of intravenously injected neural stem cell accumulation in the brains of mice with experimental multiple sclerosis. Stem Cells: 2007; 25 2583 2592 (Pubitemid 47582751)
158. Kustermann E., Roell W., Breitbach M. et al. Stem cell implantation in ischemic mouse heart: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging investigation. NMR Biomed: 2005; 18 362 370 (Pubitemid 41410356)
159. Bos C., Delmas Y., Desmouliere A. et al. In vivo MR imaging of intravascularly injected magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells in rat kidney and liver. Radiology: 2004; 233 781 789
160. Daldrup-Link H. E., Rudelius M., Piontek G. et al. Migration of iron oxide-labeled human hematopoietic progenitor cells in a mouse model: in vivo monitoring with 1.5-T MR imaging equipment. Radiology: 2005; 234 197 205 (Pubitemid 39658386)
161. Ittrich H., Lange C., Togel F. et al. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of iron oxide-labeled, arterially-injected mesenchymal stem cells in kidneys of rats with acute ischemic kidney injury: detection and monitoring at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2007; 25 1179 1191 (Pubitemid 46870276)
162. van Buul G. M., Kotek G., Wielopolski P. A. et al. Clinically translatable cell tracking and quantification by MRI in cartilage repair using superparamagnetic iron oxides. PLoS One: 2011; 6 e17001
163. Cahill K. S., Gaidosh G., Huard J. et al. Noninvasive monitoring and tracking of muscle stem cell transplants. Transplantation: 2004; 78 1626 1633 (Pubitemid 39648435)
164. Arbab A. S., Pandit S. D., Anderson S. A. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and confocal microscopy studies of magnetically labeled endothelial progenitor cells trafficking to sites of tumor angiogenesis. Stem Cells: 2006; 24 671 678 (Pubitemid 44464771)
165. Toso C., Vallee J. P., Morel P. et al. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islet grafts after iron nanoparticle labeling. Am J Transplant: 2008; 8 701 706 (Pubitemid 351287550)
166. Daldrup-Link H. E., Meier R., Rudelius M. et al. In vivo tracking of genetically engineered, anti-HER2/neu directed natural killer cells to HER2/neu positive mammary tumors with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol: 2005; 15 4 13 (Pubitemid 40109763)
167. Khurana A., Nejadnik H., Gawande R. et al. Intravenous Ferumoxytol Allows Noninvasive MR Imaging Monitoring of Macrophage Migration into Stem Cell Transplants. Radiology: 2012; 264 803 811
168. Daldrup-Link H. E., Golovko D., Ruffell B. et al. MRI of tumor-associated macrophages with clinically applicable iron oxide nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res: 2011; 17 5695 5704
169. Truijers M., Futterer J. J., Takahashi S. et al. In vivo imaging of the aneurysm wall with MRI and a macrophage-specific contrast agent. Am J Roentgenol Am J Roentgenol: 2009; 193 W437 441
170. Heyn C., Ronald J. A., Mackenzie L. T. et al. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of single cells in mouse brain with optical validation. Magn Reson Med: 2006; 55 23 29 (Pubitemid 43062924)
171. Kanno S., Wu Y. J., Lee P. C. et al. Macrophage accumulation associated with rat cardiac allograft rejection detected by magnetic resonance imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Circulation: 2001; 104 934 938 (Pubitemid 32778046)
172. Zhang Y., Dodd S. J., Hendrich K. S. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of rat renal transplant rejection by monitoring macrophage infiltration. Kidney Int: 2000; 58 1300 1310
173. Lutz A. M., Seemayer C., Corot C. et al. Detection of synovial macrophages in an experimental rabbit model of antigen-induced arthritis: ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology: 2004; 233 149 157 (Pubitemid 39280969)
174. Kaim A. H., Wischer T., O'Reilly T. et al. MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in rats. Radiology: 2002; 225 808 814 (Pubitemid 35387121)
175. Gellissen J., Axmann C., Prescher A. et al. Extra- and intracellular accumulation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) in experimentally induced abscesses of the peripheral soft tissues and their effects on magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging: 1999; 17 557 567
176. Luciani A., Dechoux S., Deveaux V. et al. Adipose tissue macrophages: MR tracking to monitor obesity-associated inflammation. Radiology: 2012; 263 786 793
177. Dousset V., Delalande C., Ballarino L. et al. In vivo macrophage activity imaging in the central nervous system detected by magnetic resonance. Magn Reson Med: 1999; 41 329 333 (Pubitemid 29104519)
178. Floris S., Blezer E. L., Schreibelt G. et al. Blood-brain barrier permeability and monocyte infiltration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: a quantitative MRI study. Brain: 2004; 127 616 627 (Pubitemid 38295477)
179. Luchetti A., Milani D., Ruffini F. et al. Monoclonal antibodies conjugated with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles allow magnetic resonance imaging detection of lymphocytes in the mouse brain. Mol Imaging: 2012; 11 114 125
180. Anderson S. A., Shukaliak-Quandt J., Jordan E. K. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of labeled T-cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol: 2004; 55 654 659 (Pubitemid 38544325)
181. Rausch M., Sauter A., Frohlich J. et al. Dynamic patterns of USPIO enhancement can be observed in macrophages after ischemic brain damage. Magn Reson Med: 2001; 46 1018 1022 (Pubitemid 33019928)
182. Oude Engberink RD, Blezer E. L., Hoff E. I. et al. MRI of monocyte infiltration in an animal model of neuroinflammation using SPIO-labeled monocytes or free USPIO. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab: 2008; 28 841 851 (Pubitemid 351432793)
183. Zhu Y., Ling Y., Zhong J. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced brain injury using targeted microparticles of iron oxide. Acta Radiol: 2012; 53 812 819
184. Wadghiri Y. Z., Sigurdsson E. M., Sadowski M. et al. Detection of Alzheimer's amyloid in transgenic mice using magnetic resonance microimaging. Magn Reson Med: 2003; 50 293 302 (Pubitemid 36950848)
185. Yang J., Wadghiri Y. Z., Hoang D. M. et al. Detection of amyloid plaques targeted by USPIO-Abeta1-42 in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice using magnetic resonance microimaging. Neuroimage: 2011; 55 1600 1609
186. Weissleder R. Scaling down imaging: molecular mapping of cancer in mice. Nat Rev Cancer: 2002; 2 11 18 (Pubitemid 37328803)
187. Schellenberger E. Bioresponsive nanosensors in medical imaging. J R Soc Interface: 2010; 7 S83 S91
188. Koh I., Josephson L. Magnetic nanoparticle sensors. Sensors: 2009; 9 8130 8145
189. Perez J. M., Josephson L., O'Loughlin T. et al. Magnetic relaxation switches capable of sensing molecular interactions. Nat Biotechnol: 2002; 20 816 820 (Pubitemid 34836759)
190. Zhao M., Josephson L., Tang Y. et al. Magnetic sensors for protease assays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl: 2003; 42 1375 1378 (Pubitemid 36459976)
191. Louie A. Y., Huber M. M., Ahrens E. T. et al. In vivo visualization of gene expression using magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Biotechnol: 2000; 18 321 325 (Pubitemid 30159486)
192. Schellenberger E., Rudloff F., Warmuth C. et al. Protease-specific nanosensors for magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjug Chem: 2008; 19 2440 2445
193. Grimm J., Perez J. M., Josephson L. et al. Novel nanosensors for rapid analysis of telomerase activity. Cancer Res: 2004; 64 639 643 (Pubitemid 38120904)
194. Perez J. M., Grimm J., Josephson L. et al. Integrated nanosensors to determine levels and functional activity of human telomerase. Neoplasia: 2008; 10 1066 1072
195. Hamm B., Staks T., Taupitz M. et al. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of liver and spleen: first experience in humans with a new superparamagnetic iron oxide. J Magn Reson Imaging: 1994; 4 659 668
196. Yoshikawa K., Sasaki Y., Ogawa N. et al. Clinical application of AMI-25 (superparamagnetic iron oxide) for the MR imaging of hepatic tumors: a multicenter clinical phase III study. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi: 1994; 54 137 153
197. Ros P. R., Freeny P. C., Harms S. E. et al. Hepatic MR imaging with ferumoxides: a multicenter clinical trial of the safety and efficacy in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. Radiology: 1995; 196 481 488
198. Kopp A. F., Laniado M., Dammann F. et al. MR imaging of the liver with Resovist: safety, efficacy, and pharmacodynamic properties. Radiology: 1997; 204 749 756 (Pubitemid 27369036)
199. Bonnemain B. Pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic safety of two superparamagnetic agents, Endorem and Sinerem, in cirrhotic rats. Acad Radiol: 1998; 5 S151 S153 discussion S156
200. Kehagias D. T., Gouliamos A. D., Smyrniotis V. et al. Diagnostic efficacy and safety of MRI of the liver with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A). J Magn Reson Imaging: 2001; 14 595 601 (Pubitemid 33029546)
201. Onishi H., Murakami T., Kim T. et al. Safety of ferucarbotran in MR imaging of the liver: a pre- and postexamination questionnaire-based multicenter investigation. J Magn Reson Imaging: 2009; 29 106 111
202. Lee N., Hyeon T. Designed synthesis of uniformly sized iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev: 2012; 41 2575 2589
203. Ito A., Kuga Y., Honda H. et al. Magnetite nanoparticle-loaded anti-HER2 immunoliposomes for combination of antibody therapy with hyperthermia. Cancer Lett: 2004; 212 167 175 (Pubitemid 39004092)
204. Hadjipanayis C. G., Machaidze R., Kaluzova M. et al. EGFRvIII antibody-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging-guided convection-enhanced delivery and targeted therapy of glioblastoma. Cancer Res: 2010; 70 6303 6312
205. Liao C., Sun Q., Liang B. et al. Targeting EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells using Cetuximab-immunomicelles loaded with doxorubicin and superparamagnetic iron oxide. Eur J Radiol: 2011; 80 699 705
206. Shinkai M., Le B., Honda H. et al. Targeting hyperthermia for renal cell carcinoma using human MN antigen-specific magnetoliposomes. Jpn J Cancer Res: 2001; 92 1138 1145 (Pubitemid 33041184)
207. Sonvico F., Mornet S., Vasseur S. et al. Folate-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for solid tumor targeting as potential specific magnetic hyperthermia mediators: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro experiments. Bioconjug Chem: 2005; 16 1181 1188 (Pubitemid 41368119)
208. Liang S., Wang Y., Yu J. et al. Surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: as a new carrier for bio-magnetically targeted therapy. J Mater Sci Mater Med: 2007; 18 2297 2302 (Pubitemid 350165598)
209. Kohler N., Sun C., Wang J. et al. Methotrexate-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake into human cancer cells. Langmuir: 2005; 21 8858 8864 (Pubitemid 41396647)
210. Huang C., Tang Z., Zhou Y. et al. Magnetic micelles as a potential platform for dual targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm: 2012; 429 113 122
211. El-Dakdouki M. H., Zhu D. C., El-Boubbou K. et al. Development of multifunctional hyaluronan-coated nanoparticles for imaging and drug delivery to cancer cells. Biomacromolecules: 2012; 13 1144 1151
212. Ernsting M. J., Foltz W. D., Undzys E. et al. Tumor-targeted drug delivery using MR-contrasted docetaxel - carboxymethylcellulose nanoparticles. Biomaterials: 2012; 33 3931 3941
213. Ai H. Layer-by-layer capsules for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev: 2011; 63 772 788
214. Choi J., Kim H. Y., Ju E. J. et al. Use of macrophages to deliver therapeutic and imaging contrast agents to tumors. Biomaterials: 2012; 33 4195 4203
215. Kemmner W., Moldenhauer G., Schlag P. et al. Separation of tumor cells from a suspension of dissociated human colorectal carcinoma tissue by means of monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic beads. J Immunol Methods: 1992; 147 197 200
216. Kronick P., Gilpin R. W. Use of superparamagnetic particles for isolation of cells. J Biochem Biophys Methods: 1986; 12 73 80 (Pubitemid 16168490)
217. Scherer F., Anton M., Schillinger U. et al. Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery by magnetic force in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther: 2002; 9 102 109 (Pubitemid 34189525)
218. Chanana M., Mao Z., Wang D. Using polymers to make up magnetic nanoparticles for biomedicine. J Biomed Nanotechnol: 2009; 5 652 668
219. Akbarzadeh A., Samiei M., Davaran S. Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and applications in biomedicine. Nanoscale Res Lett: 2012; 7 144
220. Frimpong R. A., Hilt J. Z. Magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine: synthesis, functionalization and applications. Nanomedicine: 2010; 5 1401 1414
221. Plank C., Scherer F., Schillinger U. et al. Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery with superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fields. J Liposome Res: 2003; 13 29 32 (Pubitemid 36373341)
222. Krotz F., de Wit C., Sohn H. Y. et al. Magnetofection - a highly efficient tool for antisense oligonucleotide delivery in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther: 2003; 7 700 710 (Pubitemid 36626250)
223. Shao H., Yoon T. J., Liong M. et al. Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics. Beilstein J Nanotechnol: 2010; 1 142 154
224. Koh I., Hong R., Weissleder R. et al. Sensitive NMR sensors detect antibodies to influenza. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl: 2008; 47 4119 4121
225. Lee H., Yoon T. J., Weissleder R. Ultrasensitive detection of bacteria using core-shell nanoparticles and an NMR-filter system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl: 2009; 48 5657 5660
226. Haun J. B., Castro C. M., Wang R. et al. Micro-NMR for rapid molecular analysis of human tumor samples. Sci Transl Med: 2011; 3 71ra16
227. Lee H., Sun E., Ham D. et al. Chip-NMR biosensor for detection and molecular analysis of cells. Nat Med: 2008; 14 869 874
228. Borgert J., Schmidt J. D., Schmale I. et al. Fundamentals and applications of magnetic particle imaging. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr: 2012; 6 149 153
229. Weizenecker J., Gleich B., Rahmer J. et al. Three-dimensional real-time in vivo magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol: 2009; 54 L1 L10
230. Weizenecker J., Borgert J., Gleich B. A simulation study on the resolution and sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol: 2007; 52 6363 6374 (Pubitemid 350093167)
231. Haegele J., Sattel T., Erbe M. et al. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Fortschr Röntgenstr: 2012; 184 420 426