메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 97-123

Urban surface energy balance models: Model characteristics and methodology for a comparison study

(32)  Grimmond, C S B a   Best, Martin b   Barlow, Janet c   Arnfield, A J d   Baik, J J e   Baklanov, A f   Belcher, S c   Bruse, M g   Calmet, I h   Chen, F i   Clark, P b   Dandou, A j   Erell, E k   Fortuniak, K l   Hamdi, R m   Kanda, M n   Kawai, T n   Kondo, H o   Krayenhoff, S p   Lee, S H e   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84889829881     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00298-4_11     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (41)

References (95)
  • 2
    • 0034464414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple model of urban canyon energy budget and its validation
    • Arnfield, A.J.: A simple model of urban canyon energy budget and its validation, Phys. Geog., 21, 305-326, 2000.
    • (2000) Phys. Geog. , vol.21 , pp. 305-326
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 4
    • 39349105579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards improving the simulation of meteorological fields in urban areas through updated/advanced surface fluxes description
    • Baklanov, A., Mestayer, P.G., Clappier, A., Zilitinkevich, S., Joffre, S., Mahura, A. and Nielsen, N.W.: Towards improving the simulation of meteorological fields in urban areas through updated/advanced surface fluxes description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 523-543, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 523-543
    • Baklanov, A.1    Mestayer, P.G.2    Clappier, A.3    Zilitinkevich, S.4    Joffre, S.5    Mahura, A.6    Nielsen, N.W.7
  • 5
    • 0036644147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A wind tunnel model for quantifying fluxes in the urban boundary layer
    • Barlow, J.F. and Belcher, S.E.: A wind tunnel model for quantifying fluxes in the urban boundary layer, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 104, 131-150, 2002.
    • (2002) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.104 , pp. 131-150
    • Barlow, J.F.1    Belcher, S.E.2
  • 6
    • 6444235487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons, Part I: Laboratory simulation
    • Barlow, J.F., Harman, I.N. and Belcher, S.E.: Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons, Part I: Laboratory simulation, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 113, 369-385, 2004.
    • (2004) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.113 , pp. 369-385
    • Barlow, J.F.1    Harman, I.N.2    Belcher, S.E.3
  • 7
    • 33746209330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the urban tile in MOSES using surface energy balance observations
    • Best, M.J., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Villani, M.G.: Evaluation of the urban tile in MOSES using surface energy balance observations, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 118, 503-525, 2006.
    • (2006) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.118 , pp. 503-525
    • Best, M.J.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Villani, M.G.3
  • 8
    • 10144246633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models
    • Best, M.J.: Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 114, 91-109, 2005.
    • (2005) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.114 , pp. 91-109
    • Best, M.J.1
  • 9
    • 33644800295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress towards better weather forecasts for city dwellers: From short range to climate change
    • Best, M.J.: Progress towards better weather forecasts for city dwellers: From short range to climate change, Theo. Appl. Clim., 84, 47-55, 2006.
    • (2006) Theo. Appl. Clim. , vol.84 , pp. 47-55
    • Best, M.J.1
  • 11
    • 0033622990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in atlanta: Three case studies
    • Bornstein, R. and Lin, Q.L.: Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three case studies, Atmos. Environ., 34, 507-516, 2000.
    • (2000) Atmos. Environ. , vol.34 , pp. 507-516
    • Bornstein, R.1    Lin, Q.L.2
  • 14
    • 0032193323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model environ
    • Bruse, M. and Fleer, H.: Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model, Environ. Modelling Software, 13, 373-384, 1998.
    • (1998) Modelling Software , vol.13 , pp. 373-384
    • Bruse, M.1    Fleer, H.2
  • 16
    • 21444450548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of an urban parameterization scheme in the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale model (MM5)
    • Dandou, A., Tombrou, M., Akylas, E., Soulakellis, N. and Bossioli, E.: Development and evaluation of an urban parameterization scheme in the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale model (MM5), J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10102, 2005.
    • (2005) J Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Dandou, A.1    Tombrou, M.2    Akylas, E.3    Soulakellis, N.4    Bossioli, E.5
  • 17
    • 0020208701 scopus 로고
    • A simple parameterization of surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat during daytime compared with the Penman-Monteith concept
    • de Bruin, H.A.R. and Holtslag, A.A.M.: A simple parameterization of surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat during daytime compared with the Penman-Monteith concept. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1610-1621, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.21 , pp. 1610-1621
    • De Bruin, H.A.R.1    Holtslag, A.A.M.2
  • 19
    • 33846261161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterisation of the urban energy budget with the submesoscale soil model
    • Dupont, S. and Mestayer, P.G.: Parameterisation of the urban energy budget with the submesoscale soil model, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 45, 1744-1765, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.45 , pp. 1744-1765
    • Dupont, S.1    Mestayer, P.G.2
  • 21
    • 33750352799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating air temperature in an urban street canyon in all weather conditions using measured data from a reference meteorological station
    • Erell, E. and Williamson, T.: Simulating air temperature in an urban street canyon in all weather conditions using measured data from a reference meteorological station, Int. J. Climatol. 26, 1671-1694, 2006.
    • (2006) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.26 , pp. 1671-1694
    • Erell, E.1    Williamson, T.2
  • 22
    • 0038287088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit representation of subgrid heterogeneity in a GCM land surface scheme
    • Essery, R.L.H., Best, M.J., Betts, R.A., Cox, P.M. and Taylor, C.M.: Explicit representation of subgrid heterogeneity in a GCM land surface scheme, J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 530-543, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.4 , pp. 530-543
    • Essery, R.L.H.1    Best, M.J.2    Betts, R.A.3    Cox, P.M.4    Taylor, C.M.5
  • 24
    • 77955530093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a slab surface energy balance model to determine surface parameters for urban areas
    • Fortuniak, K., Offerle, B. and Grimmond, C.S.B.: Application of a slab surface energy balance model to determine surface parameters for urban areas, Lund eRep. Phys. Geog., 5, 90-91, [www.nateko.lu.se/Elibrary/LeRPG/ LeRPG5Article.pdf] 2005.
    • (2005) Lund ERep. Phys. Geog. , vol.5 , pp. 90-91
    • Fortuniak, K.1    Offerle, B.2    Grimmond, C.S.B.3
  • 25
    • 0021084925 scopus 로고
    • Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region
    • Garand, L.: Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 230-244, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 230-244
    • Garand, L.1
  • 26
    • 0027084367 scopus 로고
    • The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid-latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.: The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid-latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions, Int. J Climatol., 12, 481-497, 1992.
    • (1992) Int J Climatol. , vol.12 , pp. 481-497
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1
  • 27
    • 0026278002 scopus 로고
    • An objective urban heat storage model and its comparison with other schemes
    • Grimmond, C.S.B., Cleugh, H.A. and Oke, T.R.: An objective urban heat storage model and its comparison with other schemes. Atmos. Environ., 25B, 311-326, 1991.
    • (1991) Atmos. Environ , vol.B25 , pp. 311-326
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1    Cleugh, H.A.2    Oke, T.R.3
  • 28
    • 0026301084 scopus 로고
    • An evaporation-interception model for urban areas water
    • Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R.: An evaporation-interception model for urban areas, Water Resour. Res., 27, 1739-1755, 1991.
    • (1991) Resour. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1739-1755
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1    Oke, T.R.2
  • 29
    • 0032714170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat storage in urban areas: Observations and evaluation of a simple model
    • Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R.: Heat storage in urban areas: Observations and evaluation of a simple model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 922-940, 1999a.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.38 , pp. 922-940
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1    Oke, T.R.2
  • 31
    • 0036647840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: Observations and localscale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS)
    • Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R.: Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: Observations and localscale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS), J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 792- 810, 2002.
    • (2002) J Appl. Meteorol. , vol.41 , pp. 792-810
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1    Oke, T.R.2
  • 32
    • 34147104394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and Global Environmental Change: Local Effects of Urban Warming
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.: Urbanization and global environmental change: Local effects of urban warming, Geograph. J., 173, 83-88, 2007.
    • (2007) Geograph. J. , vol.173 , pp. 83-88
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1
  • 33
    • 0031669911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimized computation of transfer coefficients in surface layer with different momentum and heat roughness length bound
    • Guilloteau, E.: Optimized computation of transfer coefficients in surface layer with different momentum and heat roughness length, Bound. Layer Meteorol., 87, 147-160, 1998.
    • (1998) Layer Meteorol. , vol.87 , pp. 147-160
    • Guilloteau, E.1
  • 34
    • 84889791919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and the internal environment of buildings: A designers guide TM36 52. Chartered Inst
    • British Architects. ISBN: 190328750
    • Hacker, J.N., Holmes, M.J., Belcher, S.E. and Davies, G.: Climate change and the internal environment of buildings: A designers guide, TM36, pp. 52. Chartered Inst. Building Services Eng. and Royal Inst. British Architects. ISBN: 190328750, 2004.
    • (2004) Building Services Eng and Royal Inst
    • Hacker, J.N.1    Holmes, M.J.2    Belcher, S.E.3    Davies, G.4
  • 35
    • 0038454709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field measurements for estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient at building surfaces
    • Hagishima, A. and Tanimoto, J.: Field measurements for estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient at building surfaces, Build. Environ., 38, 873-881, 2003.
    • (2003) Build. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 873-881
    • Hagishima, A.1    Tanimoto, J.2
  • 37
    • 34548378652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-lattitude European cities
    • Hamdi, R. and Schayes, G.: Validation of the Martilli's urban boundary layer scheme with measurements from two mid-lattitude European cities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4513-4526, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.7 , pp. 4513-4526
    • Hamdi, R.1    Schayes, G.2
  • 38
    • 57249092244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of a drag approach in the town energy balance (teb scheme: Offline 1-d evaluation in a street canyon
    • Hamdi, R. and Masson, V.: Inclusion of a drag approach in the Town Energy Balance (TEB scheme: Offline 1-D evaluation in a street canyon, J. Appl.Meteor. Clim., 47, 2627-2644, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Appl.Meteor. Clim. , vol.47 , pp. 2627-2644
    • Hamdi, R.1    Masson, V.2
  • 39
    • 6444225761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons, Part II: Model
    • Harman, I.N., Barlow, J.F. and Belcher, S.E.: Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons, Part II: Model, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 113, 387-410, 2004b.
    • (2004) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.113 , pp. 387-410
    • Harman, I.N.1    Barlow, J.F.2    Belcher, S.E.3
  • 40
  • 41
    • 33846892059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The surface energy balance and boundary layer over urban street canyons
    • Harman, I.N., Belcher, S.E.: The surface energy balance and boundary layer over urban street canyons, Q. J. The Royal Meteorological Society, 132(621), 2749-2768, 2006.
    • (2006) Q. J. The Royal Meteorological Society , vol.132 , Issue.621 , pp. 2749-2768
    • Harman, I.N.1    Belcher, S.E.2
  • 42
    • 0027808141 scopus 로고
    • The project for intercomparison of landsurface parameterization schemes
    • Henderson-Sellers, A., Yang, Z.L. and Dickinson, R.E.: The project for intercomparison of landsurface parameterization schemes, Bull. AMS, 74, 1335-1349, 1993.
    • (1993) Bull. AMS , vol.74 , pp. 1335-1349
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Yang, Z.L.2    Dickinson, R.E.3
  • 43
    • 0141942122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting landsurface climates-better skill or moving targets?
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017387
    • Henderson-Sellers, A., Irannejad, P., McGuffie, K., and Pitman, A.: Predicting landsurface climates-better skill or moving targets? Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 14, 1777, doi:10.1029/2003GL017387, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.14 , pp. 1777
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Irannejad, P.2    McGuffie, K.3    Pitman, A.4
  • 44
    • 0033035913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo
    • Ichinose, T., Shimodozono, K. and Hanaki, K.: Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo. Atmos. Environ., 33, 3897-3909, 1999.
    • (1999) Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 3897-3909
    • Ichinose, T.1    Shimodozono, K.2    Hanaki, K.3
  • 45
    • 0003550027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed Watson, R.T. and core writing team, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland 2001
    • IPCC: Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001, ed. Watson, R.T. and core writing team, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 184, 2001.
    • (2001) IPCC: Third Assessment Report: Climate Change. , pp. 184
  • 46
    • 0346216912 scopus 로고
    • Importance of land-surface parameterization for latent heat simulation in global atmospheric models
    • doi:10.1029/2003/GL018044
    • Irranejad, P., Henderson-Sellers, A., Sharmeen, S.: Importance of land-surface parameterization for latent heat simulation in global atmospheric models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 17, 1904, doi:10.1029/2003/GL018044, 2003.
    • (1904) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.17 , pp. 2003
    • Irranejad, P.1    Henderson-Sellers, A.2    Sharmeen, S.3
  • 47
    • 0000689549 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ideal conditions at night. 1. Theory and tests against field data
    • Johnson, G.T., Oke, T.R., Lyons, T.J., Steyn, D.G.,Watson, I.D., Voogt, J.A.: Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ideal conditions at night. 1. Theory and tests against field data, Bound- Layer Meteorol., 56(3), 275-294, 1991.
    • (1991) Bound- Layer Meteorol. , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-294
    • Johnson, G.T.1    Oke, T.R.2    Lyons, T.J.3    Steyn, D.G.4    Watson, I.D.5    Voogt, J.A.6
  • 49
    • 10144222038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple theoretical radiation scheme for regular building arrays
    • Kanda, M., Kawai, T., Nakagawa, K.: A simple theoretical radiation scheme for regular building arrays. Bound-Layer Meteorol., 114, 71-90, 2005b.
    • (2005) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.114 , pp. 71-90
    • Kanda, M.1    Kawai, T.2    Nakagawa, K.3
  • 50
    • 0000430990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the urban thermal environment obtained through a onedimensional urban canopy model
    • (in Japanese
    • Kondo, H. and Liu, F.H.: A study on the urban thermal environment obtained through a onedimensional urban canopy model, J. Jpn. Soc. Atmos. Environ., 33, 179-192, 1998 (in Japanese).
    • (1998) J. Jpn. Soc. Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 179-192
    • Kondo, H.1    Liu, F.H.2
  • 51
    • 27844593777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multi-layer urban canopy model for the analysis of energy consumption in a big city: Structure of the urban canopy model and its basic performance
    • Kondo, H., Genchi, Y., Kikegawa, Y., Ohashi, Y., Yoshikado, H. and Komiyama, H.: Development of a multi-layer urban canopy model for the analysis of energy consumption in a big city: Structure of the urban canopy model and its basic performance. Bound-Layer Meteorol., 116, 395-421, 2005.
    • (2005) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.116 , pp. 395-421
    • Kondo, H.1    Genchi, Y.2    Kikegawa, Y.3    Ohashi, Y.4    Yoshikado, H.5    Komiyama, H.6
  • 52
    • 34249907539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microscale three-dimensional urban energy balance model for studying surface temperatures
    • Krayenhoff, E.S., Voogt, J.A.: A microscale three-dimensional urban energy balance model for studying surface temperatures, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 123, 433-461, 2007.
    • (2007) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.123 , pp. 433-461
    • Krayenhoff, E.S.1    Voogt, J.A.2
  • 53
    • 0035585377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple single-layer urban canopy model for atmospheric models: Comparison with multi-layer and slab models
    • Kusaka, H., Kondo, H., Kikegawa, Y. and Kimura, F.: A simple single-layer urban canopy model for atmospheric models: Comparison with multi-layer and slab models, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 101, 329-358, 2001.
    • (2001) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.101 , pp. 329-3358
    • Kusaka, H.1    Kondo, H.2    Kikegawa, Y.3    Kimura, F.4
  • 54
    • 36448953950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A vegetated urban canopy model for meteorological and environmental modelling
    • Lee, S-H. and Park, S-U.: A vegetated urban canopy model for meteorological and environmental modelling, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 126, 73-102, 2008.
    • (2008) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.126 , pp. 73-102
    • Lee, S.-H.1    Park, S.-U.2
  • 55
    • 1842832235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the surface energy balance of an old mediterranean city core j
    • Lemonsu, A., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Masson, V.: Modelling the surface energy balance of an old Mediterranean city core, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 312-327, 2004.
    • (2004) Appl. Meteorol. , vol.43 , pp. 312-327
    • Lemonsu, A.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Masson, V.3
  • 56
    • 0032102893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method for estimation of surface roughness of obstacle arrays
    • Macdonald, R.W., Griffith, R.F., Hall, D.J.: An improved method for estimation of surface roughness of obstacle arrays, Atmos. Environ., 32, 1857-1864, 1998.
    • (1998) Atmos. Environ. , vol.32 , pp. 1857-1864
    • MacDonald, R.W.1    Griffith, R.F.2    Hall, D.J.3
  • 58
    • 36549041869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current research and future challenges in urban mesoscale modelling
    • Martilli, A.: Current research and future challenges in urban mesoscale modelling, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1909-1918, 2007.
    • (2007) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.27 , pp. 1909-1918
    • Martilli, A.1
  • 59
    • 0036681625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models
    • Martilli, A., Clappier, A. and Rotach, M.W.: An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 104, 261-304, 2002.
    • (2002) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.104 , pp. 261-304
    • Martilli, A.1    Clappier, A.2    Rotach, M.W.3
  • 60
    • 77955544982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models
    • Masson, V.: A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 41, 1011-1026, 2000.
    • (2000) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.41 , pp. 1011-1026
    • Masson, V.1
  • 61
    • 33644788158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of cities
    • Masson, V.: Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of cities, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 84, 35-45, 2006.
    • (2006) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.84 , pp. 35-45
    • Masson, V.1
  • 62
    • 0036820549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the town energy balance (teb) scheme with direct measurements from dry districts in two cities
    • Masson, V., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R.: Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance (TEB) scheme with direct measurements from dry districts in two cities, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 1011- 1026, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.41 , pp. 1011-1026
    • Masson, V.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Oke, T.R.3
  • 63
    • 0031417189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An urban canopy-layer climate model
    • Mills, G.: An urban canopy-layer climate model, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 57, 229-244, 1997.
    • (1997) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.57 , pp. 229-244
    • Mills, G.1
  • 64
    • 0033847237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monte carlo model of the nocturnal surface temperatures in urban canyons
    • Montávez, J.P., Jiménez, J.I. and Sarsa, A.: A monte carlo model of the nocturnal surface temperatures in urban canyons, Bound-Layer Meteorol., 96, 433-452, 2000.
    • (2000) Bound-Layer Meteorol. , vol.96 , pp. 433-452
    • Montávez, J.P.1    Jiménez, J.I.2    Sarsa, A.3
  • 65
    • 0019377902 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation and surface temperature
    • Monteith, J.L.: Evaporation and surface temperature, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 107, 1-27, 1981.
    • (1981) Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.107 , pp. 1-27
    • Monteith, J.L.1
  • 66
    • 0024837527 scopus 로고
    • A simple parameterization of land-surface processes for numerical meteorological models
    • Noilhan, J. and Planton, S.: A simple parameterization of land-surface processes for numerical meteorological models, Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 536-549, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 536-549
    • Noilhan, J.1    Planton, S.2
  • 67
    • 0141625684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of net all-wave radiation for urban areas
    • Offerle, B., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R.: Parameterization of net all-wave radiation for urban areas, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 1157-1173, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.42 , pp. 1157-1173
    • Offerle, B.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Oke, T.R.3
  • 68
    • 23844538629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat storage and anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central european city centre
    • Offerle, B., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Fortuniak, K.: Heat storage and anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central European city centre, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1405-1419, 2006.
    • (2006) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.25 , pp. 1405-1419
    • Offerle, B.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Fortuniak, K.3
  • 69
    • 0015655002 scopus 로고
    • City size and urban heat island
    • Oke, T.R.: City size and urban heat island, Atmos. Environ., 7, 769-779, 1973.
    • (1973) Atmos. Environ. , vol.7 , pp. 769-779
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 70
    • 57649198453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Urban parameterization for a global climate model 2. Sensitivity to input parameters and the simulated heat island in offline simulations
    • Oleson, K.W., Bonan, G.B., Feddema, J. and Vertenstein, M.: An urban parameterization for a global climate model: 2. Sensitivity to input parameters and the simulated heat island in offline simulations, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 47, 1061-1076, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , Issue.47 , pp. 1061-1076
    • Oleson, K.W.1    Bonan, G.B.2    Feddema, J.3    Vertenstein, M.4
  • 73
    • 0028173787 scopus 로고
    • Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement bound
    • Raupach, M.R.: Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement, Bound. Layer Meteorol., 71, 211-216, 1994.
    • (1994) Layer Meteorol. , vol.71 , pp. 211-216
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 74
    • 0343036434 scopus 로고
    • Corrigenda bound
    • Raupach, M.R.: Corrigenda, Bound. Layer Meteorol., 76, 303-304, 1995.
    • (1995) Layer Meteorol. , vol.76 , pp. 303-304
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 75
    • 0034082579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities
    • Roth, M.: Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 941-990, 2000.
    • (2000) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 941-990
    • Roth, M.1
  • 76
    • 0012374337 scopus 로고
    • Surface conductances as affected by air velocity, temperature and character of surface
    • Rowley, F.B., Algren, A.B. and Blackshaw, J.L.: Surface conductances as affected by air velocity, temperature and character of surface. ASHRAE Trans., 36, 429-446, 1930.
    • (1930) ASHRAE Trans. , vol.36 , pp. 429-446
    • Rowley, F.B.1    Algren, A.B.2    Blackshaw, J.L.3
  • 77
    • 0025573145 scopus 로고
    • Fast radiation parameterization schemes for mesoscale and short-range forecast models
    • Savijärvi, H.: Fast radiation parameterization schemes for mesoscale and short-range forecast models, J. Appl. Meteorol., 29, 437-447, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.29 , pp. 437-447
    • Savijärvi, H.1
  • 78
    • 1942457742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas
    • Sailor, D.J. and Lu, L.A.: Top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas. Atmos. Environ., 38, 2737-2748, 2004.
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 2737-2748
    • Sailor, D.J.1    Lu, L.2
  • 79
    • 0030251184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and simulation of the tokyo urban heat island
    • Saitoh, T.S., Shimada, T. and Hoshi, H.: Modeling and simulation of the Tokyo urban heat island, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3431-3442, 1996.
    • (1996) Atmos. Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 3431-3442
    • Saitoh, T.S.1    Shimada, T.2    Hoshi, H.3
  • 80
    • 0030072292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the effect of urban geometry upon the surface energy budget
    • Sakakibara, Y.: A numerical study of the effect of urban geometry upon the surface energy budget, Atmos. Environ., 30, 487-496, 1996.
    • (1996) Atmos. Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 487-496
    • Sakakibara, Y.1
  • 82
    • 0030468018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling soil moisture: A project for intercomparison of land surface parameterization schemes phase 2(b)
    • Shao, Y. and Henderson-Sellers, A.: Modeling soil moisture: A project for intercomparison of land surface parameterization schemes Phase 2(b), JGR, 101, 7227-7250, 1996.
    • (1996) JGR , vol.101 , pp. 7227-7250
    • Shao, Y.1    Henderson-Sellers, A.2
  • 83
    • 0036884252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The green cttc model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites
    • Shashua-Bar, L. and Hoffman, M.E.: The Green CTTC model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites, Build. Environ., 37, 1279-1288, 2002.
    • (2002) Build. Environ. , vol.37 , pp. 1279-1288
    • Shashua-Bar, L.1    Hoffman, M.E.2
  • 84
    • 17644424315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of passive cooling of the ucl microclimate in hot regions in summer
    • Shashua-Bar, L. and Hoffman, M.E.: Quantitative evaluation of passive cooling of the UCL microclimate in hot regions in summer, Build. Environ., 39, 1087-1099, 2004.
    • (2004) Build. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 1087-1099
    • Shashua-Bar, L.1    Hoffman, M.E.2
  • 85
    • 0242461191 scopus 로고
    • Verallgemeinerung der Stromfunktionsmethode auf drei Dimensionen
    • Sievers, U.: Verallgemeinerung der Stromfunktionsmethode auf drei Dimensionen, Meteorol. Zeitschrift, N.F. 4, 3-15, 1995.
    • (1995) Meteorol Zeitschrift, N.F. , vol.4 , pp. 3-15
    • Sievers, U.1
  • 86
    • 0000860550 scopus 로고
    • Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II: Parameterization schemes
    • Stephens, G.L.: Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II: Parameterization schemes, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2123-2132, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 2123-2132
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 87
    • 0032718983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifying a mesoscale meteorological model to better incorporate urban heat storage: A bulk parameterization approach
    • Taha, H.: Modifying a mesoscale meteorological model to better incorporate urban heat storage: A bulk parameterization approach, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 466-473, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.38 , pp. 466-473
    • Taha, H.1
  • 88
    • 2942641968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach for coupled simulation of building thermal effects and urban climatology
    • Tanimoto, J., Hagishima, A. and Chimklai, P.: An approach for coupled simulation of building thermal effects and urban climatology, Energy Build., 36, 781-793, 2004.
    • (2004) Energy Build. , vol.36 , pp. 781-793
    • Tanimoto, J.1    Hagishima, A.2    Chimklai, P.3
  • 89
    • 33845564012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of building integrated photovoltaics on microclimate of urban canopy layer
    • Tian,W.,Wang, Y., Xie, Y.,Wu, D., Zhu, L. and Ren, J.: Effect of building integrated photovoltaics on microclimate of urban canopy layer, Build. Environ., 42, 1891-1901, 2007.
    • (2007) Build. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 1891-1901
    • Tian, W.1    Wang, Y.2    Xie, Y.3    Wu, D.4    Zhu, L.5    Ren, J.6
  • 90
    • 0026311457 scopus 로고
    • Analytical solutions to the near-neutral atmospheric surface energy balance with and without heat storage for urban climatological studies
    • Tso, C.P., Chan, B.K. and Hashim, M.A.: Analytical solutions to the near-neutral atmospheric surface energy balance with and without heat storage for urban climatological studies, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 413-424, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.30 , pp. 413-424
    • Tso, C.P.1    Chan, B.K.2    Hashim, M.A.3
  • 91
    • 84889766159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN. accessed 10/27/2004
    • UN: Http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2003/2003Highlights. pdf. accessed 10/27/2004.
  • 93
    • 0029474594 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of spin-up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes Phase 1(a
    • Yang, Z-L. and Dickinson, R.E.: Preliminary study of spin-up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes Phase 1(a), JGR, 100, 16553-16578, 1995.
    • (1995) JGR , vol.100 , pp. 16553-16578
    • Yang, Z.-L.1    Dickinson, R.E.2
  • 94
    • 0029462047 scopus 로고
    • Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flows
    • H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C.A. Brebbia (eds., Southampton, Boston, 53.
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S.: Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flows. In: H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C.A. Brebbia (eds.), Air pollution III - Volume I. Air pollution theory and simulation, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, Boston, 53-60, 1995.
    • (1995) Air Pollution III - Volume I. Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Computational Mechanics Publications
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S.1
  • 95
    • 84889824081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of stratification on the surface resistance for very rough vegetated and urban surfaces
    • June 12-16, Goteborg, Sweden, ISBN-10:91-613-9000-1 (submitted to Bound-Layer Meteorol.
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S., Baklanov, A.A., Mammarella, I. and Joffre, S.M.: The effect of stratification on the surface resistance for very rough vegetated and urban surfaces. In: 6th International Conference on Urban Climate, June 12-16, Goteborg, Sweden, ISBN-10:91-613-9000-1, pp. 415-418, 2006 (submitted to Bound-Layer Meteorol.).
    • (2006) 6th International Conference on Urban Climate , pp. 415-418
    • Zilitinkevich, S.S.1    Baklanov, A.A.2    Mammarella, I.3    Joffre, S.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.