Synergistic effect between aluminum hypophosphite and alkyl-substituted phosphinate in flame-retarded polyamide 6

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 52, Issue 48, 2013, Pages 17162-17170

  Zhao, Bin ^a   Chen, Li ^a   Long, Jia Wei ^a   Jian, Rong Kun ^a   Wang, Yu Zhong ^a  

^a SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONE CALORIMETER; CROSSLINKING REACTION; LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATORY RHEOLOGIES; PEAK HEAT RELEASE RATES; SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SYNERGISTIC EFFECT; SYNERGISTIC MECHANISM;

CROSSLINKING; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; FLAME RETARDANTS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

ALUMINUM;

EID: 84889770931     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie4009056     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Levchik, S. V.; Weil, E. D. Combustion and fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons Polym. Int. 2000, 49, 1033-1073
2. Markarian, J. Flame retardants for polyamides-new developments and processing concerns Plast. Addit. Compd. 2005, 7, 22-25
3. Chen, L.; Wang, Y.-Z. A review on flame retardant technology in China. Part I: Development of flame retardants Polym. Adv. Technol. 2010, 21, 1-26
4. Lu, S.-Y.; Hamerton, I. Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers Prog. Polym. Sci. 2002, 27, 1661-1712
5. Xiong, W.-C.; Chen, L.; Zhao, B.; Wang, D.-Y.; Wang, Y.-Z. Polyamide 6 with a flame retardant encapsulated by polyamide 66: flame retardation, thermal-decomposition and the potential mechanism Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 2012, 30, 297-307
6. Schartel, B.; Braun, U. Fire retardancy mechanisms of phosphorus in thermoplastics Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2004, 91, 152-153
7. Braun, U.; Bahr, H.; Schartel, B. Fire retardancy effect of aluminium phosphinate and melamine polyphosphate in glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 e-Polym. 2010, 10, 1-14
8. Braun, U.; Bahr, H.; Sturm, H.; Schartel, B. Flame retardancy mechanisms of metal phosphinates and metal phosphinates in combination with melamine cyanurate in glass-fiber reinforced poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate): The influence of metal cation Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 680-692
9. Braun, U.; Schartel, B.; Fichera, M. A.; Jäger, C. Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92, 1528-1545
10. Gallo, E.; Braun, U.; Schartel, B.; Russo, P.; Acierno, D. Halogen-free flame retarded poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) using metal oxides/PBT nanocomposites in combination with aluminium phosphinate Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94, 1245-1253
11. Yang, W.; Song, L.; Hu, Y.; Lu, H.-D.; Yuen, R. K. K. Investigations of thermal degradation behavior and fire performance of halogen-free flame retardant poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) composites J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 122, 1480-1488
12. Chen, L.; Luo, Y.; Hu, Z.; Lin, G.-P.; Zhao, B.; Wang, Y.-Z. An efficient halogen-free flame retardant for glass-fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2012, 97, 158-165
13. Zhao, B.; Hu, Z.; Chen, L.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y.-Z. A phosphorus-containing inorganic compound as an effective flame retardant for glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 119, 2379-2385
14. Li, Q.-F; Li, B.; Zhang, S.-Q; Lin, M. Investigation on effects of aluminum and magnesium hypophosphites on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of polyamide 6 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 125, 1782-1789
15. Yang, W.; Tang, G.; Song, L.; Hu, Y.; Yuen, R. K. K. Effect of rare earth hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate on fire performance of glass-fiber reinforced poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) composites Thermochim. Acta 2011, 526, 185-191
16. Zhao, B.; Chen, L.; Long, J.-W.; Chen, H.-B.; Wang, Y.-Z. Aluminum hypophosphite versus alkyl-substituted phosphinate in polyamide 6: Flame retardance, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis behavior Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2013, 52, 2875-2886
17. Everest, D. A. Aluminium hypophosphite J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 2945
18. Hornsby, P. R.; Wang, J.; Rothon, R.; Jackson, G.; Wilkinson, G.; Cossick, K. Thermal decomposition behaviour of polyamide fire-retardant compositions containing magnesium hydroxide filler Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 51, 235-249
19. Kashiwagi, T.; Du, F.; Winey, K. I.; Groth, K. M.; Shields, J. R.; Bellayer, S. P.; Kim, H.; Douglas, J. F. Flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites with single-walled carbon nanotubes: Effects of nanotube dispersion and concentration Polymer 2005, 46, 471-481
20. Ryu, B.-Y.; Emrick, T. Thermally induced structural transformation of bisphenol-1,2,3-triazole polymers: Smart, self-extinguishing materials Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9644-9647
21. Song, P.-A.; Zhao, L.-P.; Cao, Z.-H.; Fang, Z.-P. Polypropylene nanocomposites based on C60-decorated carbon nanotubes: thermal properties, flammability, and mechanical properties J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 7782-7788
22. Song, P.-A.; Liu, H.; Shen, Y.; Du, B.-X.; Fang, Z.-P.; Wu, Y. Fabrication of dendrimer-like fullerene (C60)-decorated oligomeric intumescent flame retardant for reducing the thermal oxidation and flammability of polypropylene nanocomposites J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 1305-1313
23. Zhao, H.-B.; Chen, L.; Yang, J.-C.; Ge, X.-G.; Wang, Y.-Z. A novel flame-retardant-free copolyester: Cross-linking towards self extinguishing and non-dripping J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 19849-19857
24. Liu, Y.; Wang, J.-S.; Deng, C.-L.; Wang, D.-Y.; Song, Y.-P.; Wang, Y.-Z. The synergistic flame-retardant effect of O-MMT on the intumescent flame-retardant PP/CA/APP systems Polym. Adv. Technol. 2009, 21, 789-796
25. Schartel, B.; Hull, T. R. Development of fire-retarded materials-Interpretation of cone calorimeter data Fire Mater. 2007, 31, 327-354
26. Bourbigot, S.; Le Bras, M.; Duquesne, S.; Rochery, M. Recent advances for intumescent polymers Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289, 499-511
27. Camino, G.; Costa, L.; Trossarelli, L. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers: Part V-Mechanism of formation of gaseous products in the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1985, 12, 203-211
28. Le Bras, M. Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence; Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 1998.
29. Xie, R.-C.; Qu, B.-J. Expandable graphite systems for halogen-free flame-retarding of polyolefins. I. Flammability characterization and synergistic effect J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80, 1181-1189
30. Li, L.-K.; Wei, P.; Li, J.; Jow, J.; Su, K. Synthesis and characterization of a novel flame retardant and its application in polycarbonate J. Fire Sci. 2010, 28, 523-538
31. Bourbigot, S.; Le Bras, M.; Delobel, R.; Trémillon, J.-M. Synergistic effect of zeolite in an intumescence process. Study of the interactions between the polymer and the additives J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1996, 92, 3435-3444
32. Nakamizo, M.; Kammereck, R.; Walker, P. L. Laser Raman studies on carbons Carbon 1974, 12, 259-267
33. Tuinstra, F.; Koenig, J. L. Raman spectrum of graphite J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 1126-1130