Community-Based Management of Coral Reefs: An Essential Requisite for Certification of Marine Aquarium Products Harvested from Reefs under Customary Marine Tenure

Marine Ornamental Species: Collection, Culture & Conservation

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 139-166

  Bowden Kerby, Austin ^a  

^a Foundation of the Peoples of the South Pacific ^*  (Fiji)

Author keywords

Community; Coral fisheries; Ecosystem management; Planning; Populations

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889490420     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470752722.ch11     Document Type: Chapter

References (115)

1. Alcala, Angel C., and Alan T. White. 1984. Options for management. Pages 31-40 In Coral reef monitoring handbook. (R.A. Kenchington and B.E.T. Hudson, eds.) UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology, Jakarta. 281 pp.
2. Allard, P.J. 1999. A decision analysis approach to managing effects of eutrophication on coral reefs in Barbados. Abstract in: Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, p 45.
3. Anderson, J.A., P. Townsley, T. Tavusa, F. Poni, F. Osbourne, E. Qalo, A. Botilagi, S. Wakatibau, T. Wakatibau, and Tulala. 2000. Fiji Country Report, Volume 2b in J.A. Anderson and C.C. Mees. The Performance of Customary Marine Tenure in the management of community fishery resources in Melanesia. Final Technical Report to the UK Department for International Development, MRAG Ltd, London, July 1999. 125 pp.
4. Bak, Rolf P. 1990. Patterns of echinoid bioerosion in two Pacific coral reef lagoons. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 66:267-272
5. Berg, H., M.C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27(8):627-634.
6. Biodiversity Conservation Network. 1999. Final stories from the field. Evaluating linkages between business, the environment and local communities. N. Salafsky, ed. BCN Biodiversity Support Program, Washington DC. 219 pp.
7. Birkeland, Chuck, and J.S. Lucas. 1990. Acanthaster planci: Major management problem of coral reefs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 257pp.
8. Bohnsack, James A. 1993. Marine reserves: They enhance fisheries, reduce conflicts, and protect resources. Oceanus 36:63-71.
9. Bowden-Kerby, Austin. 1997. Coral transplantation in sheltered habitats using unattached fragments and cultured colonies. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:2063-2068.
10. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 1999a. Can destructive reef flat mining practices of the "live rock" trade be harnessed for biodiversity enhancement and climate change mitigation? Abstract in Marine Ornamentals '99, UH Sea Grant. November 16-19, Kona, Hawaii.
11. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 1999b. Coral aquaculture by Pacific Island communities. World Aquaculture' 99. The World Aquaculture Society. 26 April-2 May 1999, Sydney, p 91.
12. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 1999c. Working towards sustainable and environmentally sound "green" methods of coral aquaculture. Abstract in Marine Ornamentals '99, UH Sea Grant. November 16-19, Kona, Hawaii.
13. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 1999d. The Coral Gardens Initiative: Coral aquaculture as an incentive for community-based coral reef conservation and restoration. Abstract in Marine Ornamentals '99, UH Sea Grant. November 16-19, Kona, Hawaii.
14. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 1999e. The Community Coral Reef Initiative: Coral reef restoration in rural Pacific Island settings. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. p 60.
15. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 2001a. Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. Bulletin of Marine Science. 69(2):915-931.
16. Bowden-Kerby, W.A. 2001b. Coral transplantation modeled after natural fragmentation processes: Low-tech tools for coral reef restoration and management. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. 195 pp.
17. Bowden-Kerby, Austin 2002. The original MPAs. MPA News 3(6):6.
18. Brown, B.E., and R.P. Dunne. 1988. The environmental impact of coral mining on coral reefs in the Maldives. Environ. Conserv. 15:159-166.
19. Brown, B.E., and L.S. Howard. 1985. Assessing the effects of stress on coral reefs. In Advances in Marine Biology. I.H.S. Baxter, F.S. Russell, and M. Yonge. eds. Academic Press, New York, 22:1-55.
20. Chatterton, P., and K. Means. 1996. Community resource conservation and development-a toolkit for community-based conservation and sustainable development in the Pacific. WWF South Pacific Program.
21. Christy, F.T. 1982. Territorial use rights in marine fisheries: Definitions and conditions. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper #227. 10 pp.
22. Clark, S., and A.J. Edwards. 1995. Coral transplantation as an aid to reef rehabilitation: Evaluation of a case study in the Maldive Islands. Coral Reefs. 14:201-213.
23. Connell, J.H. 1997. Disturbance and recovery of coral assemblages. Coral Reefs Supplement. 16:S101-S113.
24. Cooke, A. 1994. The Qoliqoli of Fiji: Management of Resources in Traditional Fishing Grounds. Unpublished master's thesis. Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Cooke, A., N.V.C. Polunin, and K. Moce. 2000.
25. Comparative assessment of stakeholder management in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds. Environmental Conservation 27:291-299
26. Cordell, J. 1991. Cultural Survival Quarterly 15(2):3-10.
27. Cullet, Philipe. 2001. Property rights regimes over biological resources. International Environmental Law Research Centre. http://www.ielrc.org/Content/A01041P.pdf. 17 pp.
28. Dahl, Christopher 1986. Traditional marine tenure:A basis for artisanal fisheries management. Marine Policy 12:40-48.
29. Davis, S. 1985. Traditional Management of the Littoral Zone among the Yolngu of North Australia. In K. Ruddle and R.E. Johannes, eds. The Traditional Knowledge and Management of Coastal Systems in Asia and the Pacific. Jakarta, UNESCO-ROSTSEA, pp 101-124.
30. Dight, I.J, and L.M. Scherl. 1997. The International Coral reef Initiative (ICRI): Global priorities for the conservation and management of coral reefs and the need for partnerships. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:135-142.
31. Done, Terry J. 1992. Phase shifts in coral reef communities and their ecological significance. Hydrobiologia 247:121-132.
32. Dulvy, N.K., D. Stanwell-Smith, W.R.T. Darwall, and C.J. Horill. 1995. Coral mining at Mafia Island, Tanzania: A management dilemma. Ambio 24:358-365.
33. Ecowoman. 2000. Participatory learning and action: A trainers guide for the South Pacific. Ecowoman Project, South Pacific Action Committee for Human Ecology and Environment (SPACHEE). Suva, Fiji. 57 pp.
34. Fong, G.M. 1994. Case study of a traditional marine management system: Sasa Village, Macuata Province, Fiji. Project RAS/92/T05 Case studies South Pacific. Field report 94/1. FAO/FFA. Rome. 85 pp.
35. Fox, Helen E., R.L. Caldwell, and J.S. Pet. 1999. Enhancing coral reef recovery after destructive fishing practices in Indonesia. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. p 88.
36. Franklin, H., C.A. Muhando, and U. Lindahl. 1998. Coral culturing and temporal recruitment patterns in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Ambio 27(8):651-655.
37. Gawel, Michael 1984. Involving users in management planning In Coral reef management handbook. R.A. Kenchington and B. Hudson, eds. UNESCO, Jakarta. pp 99-109.
38. Gleason, M.G. 1999. The importance of algal-grazer interactions in early growth and survivorship of sexual recruits and transplanted juvenile corals. Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. p 93.
39. Gomez, E.D. 1997. Reef management in developing countries: The Philippines as a case study. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:123-128.
40. Green, E., and F. Shirley. 1999. The global trade in coral. WCMC Biodiversity Series No. 9, World Conservation Monitoring Centre. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, 70 pp.
41. Grigg, Richard W. 1976. Fishery management of precious and stony corals in Hawaii. Sea Grant Technical Report, NUIHI Sea Grant TR-77-03, University of Hawaii. 48 pp.
42. Grigg, R.W., and Dollar, S.J. 1990. Natural and anthropogenic disturbance on coral reefs. In Coral Reefs, Z. Dubinsky, ed. Elsevier Sci. Publ, Amsterdam, pp 439-452.
43. Hixon, Mark A., M.A. Carr, and J. Beets. 1999. Coral reef restoration: Potential uses of artificial reefs. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, p 104.
44. Hughes, T.P. 1989. Community structure and diversity of coral reefs: The role of history. Ecology 70:275-279.
45. Hughes, T.P. 1994. Catastrophes, phase shifts and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 265:1547-1551.
46. Hviding, E. 1990. Keeping the sea: Aspects of marine tenure in Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands. In K. Ruddle and R.E. Johannes, eds. Traditional Marine Resource Management in the Pacific Basin: An Anthology. Jakarta, UNESCO-ROSTSEA, pp.1-43.
47. Hviding, E., and K. Ruddle. 1991. A Regional Assessment of the Potential Role of Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) Systems in Contemporary Fisheries Management in the South Pacific. FFA Report 91/71. South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency. Honiara.
48. IIRR 1998. Participatory methods in communitybased coastal resource management. International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, Philippines (3 volume set). 291 pp.
49. Jackson, Jeremy B.C. 1997. Reefs since Columbus. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:97-106.
50. Johannes, Robert E. 1977. Traditional law of the sea in Micronesia. Micronesica 13:121-127.
51. Johannes, Robert E. 1978. Traditional marine conservation methods in Oceania and their demise. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9:349-364.
52. Johannes, Robert E. 1981. Words of the lagoon: fishing and marine lore in the Palau District of Micronesia. Berkeley, Calif.: University California Press. 245 pp.
53. Johannes, Robert E. 1988. Criteria for determining the value of traditional marine tenure systems in the context of contemporary marine resource management in Oceania. Workshop on customary tenure, traditional resource management, and nature conservation. Noumea, New Caledonia SPREP.
54. Kallie, J., U. Faasili, and A. Taua. 1999. An assessment of community-based management of subsistence fisheries in Samoa. Workshop on Aspects of Coastal Fisheries Management, 30 June-2 July, USP, Suva, Fiji. 12 pp.
55. Kessler, W.B., H. Salwasser, C.W. Cartwright, and J.A. Caplan. 1992. New perspectives for sustainable natural resource development. Ecological Applications 2:221-225.
56. King, M. 1995. Fisheries biology, assessment, and management. Oxford: Fishing News Books, Blackwell Science Ltd. 341 pp.
57. King, M., and L. Lambeth. 2000. Fisheries management by communities: A manual on promoting the management of subsistence fisheries by Pacific Island communities. Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Noumea, New Caledonia. 87pp.
58. Kuhn, B. 2000. Participatory rural appraisal-ten years after: Did it fulfill the expectations? Development and Cooperation Journal, Germany.
59. Lewis, S.M. 1986. The role of herbivorous fishes in the organization of a Caribbean reef community. Ecol. Monogr. 56:183-200.
60. Lindahl, U. 1998. Low-tech restoration of degraded coral reefs through transplantation of staghorn corals. Ambio 27(8):645-650.
61. Lingenfelter, S.G. 1975. Yap: Political Leadership and Culture Change in an Island Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
62. Littler, M.M., and D.S. Littler. 1997. Disease-induced mass-mortality of crustose coralline algae on coral reefs provides rationale for the conservation of herbivorous fish stocks. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:719-724.
63. Lubbock, H.R., and N.V.C. Polunin. 1975. Conservation and the tropical marine aquarium trade. Environmental Conservation 2(3):229-232.
64. Lundin, C.G., and O. Linden. 1993. Coastal ecosystems: Attempts to manage a threatened resource. Ambio 22:438-473.
65. Maragos, James E. 1992. Restoring coral reefs with emphasis on Pacific reefs. In Restoring the nation's marine environment. G.W. Thayer, ed. Maryland Seagrant, College Park, Maryland, pp 141-122.
66. Marriott, S.P. 1984. A summary report on the South Tarawa artisanal fishery. Unpublished report, Fisheries Division, Kiribati. 21 pp.
67. McClanahan, Timothy R. 1994. Kenyan coral reef lagoon fish: Effects of fishing, substrate complexity and sea urchins. Coral Reefs 13:231-241.
68. McClanahan, Timothy R. 1997a. Recovery of fish populations from heavy fishing: Does time heal all? Proc. 8th Coral Reef Symp. 2:2033-2038.
69. McClanahan, Timothy R. 1997b. Dynamics of Drupella cornus populations on Kenyan coral reefs. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:633-638.
70. McClanahan, T.R., and N.A. Muthiga. 1999. Sea urchin reduction as a restoration technique in a new marine park. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, p 133.
71. McClanahan, Timothy R., A.T. Kamukuru, N.A. Muthiga, Yebio M. Gilagabher, and D. Obura. 1996. Effect of sea urchin reductions on algae, coral and fish populations. Conservation Biol. 10:136-154.
72. McClanahan, T.R., V. Hendrick, and N.V. Polunin. 1999. Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction: A restoration experiment. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, p 133.
73. McManus, John W. 1997. Tropical marine fisheries and the future of coral reefs: A brief review with emphasis on Southeast Asia. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:129-134.
74. Meller, N., and R.H. Horowitz. 1987. Hawaii: Themes in land monopoly. In R. Crocombe, ed. Land tenure in the Pacific (3rd ed.). Suva: University of the South Pacific. 2544 pp.
75. Moffat, D., M.N. Ngoile, O. Linden, and J. Francis, J. 1998. The reality of the stomach: Coastal management at the local level in eastern Africa. Ambio 27(8):590-598.
76. Munro, John L. 1989. Fisheries for giant clams (Tridacnidae: Bivalvia) and prospects for stock enhancement. In Marine invertebrate fisheries: Their assessment and management. C.F. Caddy, ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 541-558.
77. Munro, John L., and S.T. Fakahau. 1993. Management of coastal fishery resources. Chapter 3, pages 55-72 In Nearshore marine resources of the South Pacific, A. Wright and L. Hill, eds. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 710 pp.
78. Naim, O., P. Cuet, and Y. Letourneur. 1997. Experimental shift in benthic community structure. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:1873-1878.
79. Nash, W.J. 1993. Trochus. Chapter 14, pages 452-495, in Nearshore marine resources of the South Pacific, A. Wright, and L. Hill, eds. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 710 pp.
80. Nayacakalou. R.R. 1971. Fiji: Manipulating the System. In R. Crocombe, ed. Land Tenure in the Pacific. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
81. Newman, H. 1998. A thorny issue: Crown-of-thorns controversy. Asian Diver 6(5):34-38.
82. Nzali, L.M., R.W. Johnstone, and Y.D. Mgaya. 1998. Factors affecting scleractinian coral recruitment on a nearshore reef in Tanzania. Ambio 27(8):717-722.
83. Oliver, J., and P. McGinnity. 1985. Commercial coral collecting on the Great Barrier Reef. Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Congress 5:563-568.
84. PASIFIKA. 1999. Documenting changes in customary marine tenure. PASIFIKA Newsletter, Marine Studies Programme, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji 6(3-4):4-5.
85. Polunin, N. 1984. Do traditional marine "reserves" conserve? A view of Indonesian and New Guinean evidence. Senri. Ethnol. Stud. 17:267-283.
86. Pyle, Richard L. 1993. Marine aquarium fish. Chapter 6, pages 136-176, in Nearshore marine resources of the South Pacific, A. Wright, and L. Hill, eds. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva. 710 pp.
87. Randall, John E. 1987, Collecting reef fishes for aquaria. In Human impacts on coral reefs: Facts and recommendations. B. Salvat, ed. Antenne Museum E.P.H.E. pp 29-39.
88. Ravuvu, Asesela. A. 1983. Vaka i Taukei: The Fijian way of life. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
89. Riegl, B., and K.E. Luke. 1998. Ecological parameters of dynamited reefs in the northern Red Sea and their relevance to reef rehabilitation. Mar. Poll. Bull. 37(8-12):488-498.
90. Roberts, C.M., and N.V.C. Polunin. 1993. Marine reserves: Simple solutions to managing complex fisheries? Ambio 22:363-368.
91. Rogers, Caroline S., L. McLain, and E. Zullo. 1988. Damage to coral reefs in Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Reserve from recreational activities. Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:405-410.
92. Rogers, C.S., V. Garrison, and R. Grober-Dunsmore. 1997. A fishy story about hurricanes and herbivory: Seven years of research on a reef in St. Johns, U.S. Virgin Islands. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:555-560.
93. Ross, M.A. 1984. A quantitative study of the stony coral fishery in Cebu, Philippines. P.S.Z.N.I. Marine Ecology 5(1):75-91.
94. Ruddle, K. 1988. Social principles underlying traditional inshore fishery management systems in the Pacific Basin. Mar. Res. Econ. 5:351-363.
95. Ruddle, K. 1993. External forces and change in traditional community-based fishery management systems in the Asia-Pacific Region. MAST 6 (1/2):1-37.
96. Ruddle, K. 1998. A modern role for traditional coastal-marine resource management systems in the Pacific Islands. Ocean and Coastal Management, Special Issue 40 (2/3).
97. Ruddle, K., and R.E. Johannes, eds. 1990. Traditional marine resource management in the Pacific basin: An anthology. UNESCO/ROSTSEA, Jakarta. 410 pp.
98. Ruddle, K., E. Hviding, and R.E. Johannes. 1992. Marine resources management in the context of customary tenure. Marine Resource Economics 3(7):249-273.
99. Saila, S. B., V.L. Kocic, and J.W. McManus. 1993. Modeling the effects of destructive fishing practices on tropical coral reefs. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94:51-60.
100. Schneider, D.M. 1984. A critique of the study of kinship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
101. Sims, N.A. 1990. Adapting traditional marine tenure and management practices to modern fisheries framework in the Cook Islands. In K. Ruddle and R.E. Johannes, eds. Traditional Marine Resource Management in the Pacific Basin: An Anthology. UNESCO-ROSTSEA, Jakarta, pp 222-252.
102. Sims, N.A. 1993. Pearl Oysters. Chapter 12, pp 409-430 in Nearshore marine resources of the South Pacific, A. Wright and L. Hill, eds. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 710 pp.
103. South, G. Robin, and Joeli Veitayaki. 1998. Fisheries in Fiji. In Lal. B. and T.R. Vakatora, eds., Research Papers of the Fiji Constitution Review. Vol. 1. Fiji in Transition. School of Social and Economic Development, the University of the South Pacific, pp 291-311.
104. Spalding, M.D., C. Ravilious, and Edmund P. Green. 2001. World atlas of coral reefs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 424 pp.
105. Suzuki, S. 1989. Users work to end Kona conflict. University of Hawaii Sea Grant Publication 11(12):1,4.
106. Szmant, Alina M. 1997. Nutrient effects on coral reefs: A hypothesis on the importance of topographic and trophic complexity to reef nutrient dynamics. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:1527-1532.
107. Van der Meerten, S. 1996. Kubuna Qoliqoli: A Study of Community Dynamics in Co-management. Unpublished master's thesis. Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. 77 pp.
108. Veitayaki, Joeli. 1990. Village-Level Fishing in Fiji: A Case Study of Qoma Island. Unpublished master's thesis. Department of Geography, The University of the South Pacific.
109. Venkataramanujam, K., R. Santhanam, and N. Sukumaran. 1981. Coral resources of Tuticorin (S. India) and methods of their conservation. In Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:259-262.
110. Wachenfeld, D.R., J.K. Oliver, and J.I. Morrissey. 1998. State of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area 1998. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland. 139 pp.
111. Wells, Susan M. 1981. International trade in ornamental corals and shells. Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:323-330.
112. Wilkinson, Clive. 1993. Coral Reefs are facing widespread devastation: Can we prevent this through sustainable management practices? Proceedings of the 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:11-21.
113. Wilkinson, Clive, ed. 1998. Status of coral reefs of the world: 1998. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland. 184 pp.
114. World Bank. 1999. Voices from the village: A comparative study of coastal resource management in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Islands Discussion Paper Series No. 9. World Bank, Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands Country Management Unit. 99 pp.
115. Wright, A. 1990. Marine resource use in Papua New Guinea. Can traditional concepts and contemporary development be integrated? In K. Ruddle and R.E. Johannes, eds. Traditional Marine Resource Management in the Pacific Basin: An Anthology. UNESCO-ROSTSEA, Jakarta, pp.301-321.