Invertebrates

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 145-158

  Gunkel, Cornelia Conny ^a   Lewbart, Gregory A ^b  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cephalopods; Gastropods; Insects; Invertebrates; Mollusks

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889412437     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470376478.ch13     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Aguzzi J, Abello P, Depledge MH. Endogenous cardiac activity rhythms of continental slope Nephrops norvegicus (Decapoda: Nephropidea). Mar Fresh Behav Physiol 2004;37:55-64.
2. Andrews PLR, Tansey EM. The effects of some anesthetic agents in Octopus vulgaris. Comp Biochem Physiol 1981;70C:241-247.
3. Aquilina B, Roberts R. A method for inducing muscle relaxation in the abalone, Haliotis iris. Aquaculture 2000;190:403-408.
4. AVMA Panel on Euthanasia. Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia. JAVMA 2000;218:669-696.
5. Barnes RD, Ruppert EE. Invertebrate Zoology, 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1994.
6. Bower JR, Sakurai Y, Yamamoto J, et al. Transport of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus under cold-water anesthesia. Aquaculture 1999;170:127-130.
7. Brown PB, White MR, Chaille J, et al. Evaluation of three anesthetic agents for crayfish (Orconectes virilis). J Shellfish Res 1996;15:433-435.
8. Clark TR, Nossov PC, Apland JP, et al. Anesthetic agents for use in the invertebrate sea snail, Aplysia californica. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci Vol 1996;35:75-79.
9. Cooper JE. Invertebrate anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2001;4:57-67.
10. Cooper JE. Insects. In: Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006:205-219.
11. Costello DP, Henley C. Methods of Obtaining and Handling Marine Eggs and Embryos, 2nd ed. Woods Hole, MA: Marine Biological Laboratory, 1971.
12. Cruz LJ, White J. Clinical toxicology of Conus snail stings. In:Meir J, White J, eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995:117-128.
13. Culloty SC, Mulcahy MF. An evaluation of anesthetics for Ostrea edulis (L.). Aquaculture 1992;107:249-252.
14. Dehesa-Davila M, Alagon AC, Possani LD. Clinical toxicology of scorpion stings. In: Meir J, White J, eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995:117-128.
15. Dombrowski D. Personal communication/unpublished data, 2006.
16. Edwards S, Burke C, Hindrum S, et al. Recovery and growth effects of anaesthetic and mechanical removal on greenlips (Haliotis laevigata) and blacklip (Haliotis rubra) abalone. J Shellfish Res 2000;19:510.
17. Ferraro EA, Pressacco L. Anesthetic procedures for crustaceans. An assessment of isobutanol and xylazine as general anaesthetics for Squilla mantis (Stomapoda). Mem Biol Mar Oceanogr 1996;12:471-475.
18. Fiorito G. Is there "pain" in invertebrates? Behav Proc 1986; 12:383-388.
19. Flores DV, Salas PJI, Vedra JPS. Electroretinography and ultrastructural study of the regenerated eye of the snail Cryptomphallus aspera. J Neurobiol 1983;14:167-176.
20. Frye F. Scorpions. In: Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006:169-177.
21. Garcia-Franco M. Anaesthestics for the squid Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Comp Biochem Physiol 1992; 103C:121-123.
22. Gardner C. Options for immobilization and killing crabs. J Shellfish Res 1997;16:219-224.
23. Girdlestone D, Cruickshank SGH, Winlow W. The actions of 3 volatile anaesthetics on the withdrawal response of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Comp Biochem Physiol 1989;92C:39-43.
24. Gleadall IG. Comparison of anaesthetics for octopuses. Bull Marine Sci 1991;49:663.
25. Gore SR, Harms CA, Kukanich B, et al. Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single i.v. injection and bath administration. J Vet Pharmacol Therap 2005;28:433-439.
26. Harms CA, Lewbart GA, Woolard KD, et al. Surgical excision of mycotic (Cladosporium sp.) granulomas from the mantle of a cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). J Zoo and Wild Med 2006;37(4):524-530.
27. Harms CA. Echinoderms. In: Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006:245-256.
28. Heasman MP, O'Connor WA, Frazer AWJ. Induction of anesthesia in the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus Reeve. Aquaculture 1995;131:231-238.
29. Hendler G, Miller JE, Pawson DL, et al. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Washington DC: Smithsonian Inst Press, 1995:21-27.
30. Kavaliers M. Evolutionary and comparative aspects in nociception. Brain Res Bull 1988;21:923-931.
31. Kavaliers M, Hirst M, Teskey GC. A functional role for an opiate system in snail thermal behavior. Science 1983;220:99-101.
32. Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006:3-5.
33. Lewbart GA, Harms CA. Building a fish anesthesia delivery system. Exotic DVM 1999;1:25-28.
34. Madsen B, Vollrath F. Mechanism and morphology of silk dawn from anesthetized spiders. Naturwissenschaften 2000;87:149-153.
35. Martins-Sousa RL, Negrao-Correa D, Bezerra FSM, et al. Anesthesia of Biomphalariaspp. (Mollusca, Gastropoda): sodium pentobarbital is the drug of choice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96:391-392.
36. McCurley RS, Kier WM. The functional morphology of starfish tube feet: the role of a crossed-fiber helical array in movement. Biol Bull 1995;188:197-209.
37. Mebs D. Clinical toxicology of sea urchin and starfish injuries. In: Meir J, White J, eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995:129-134.
38. Melidone R, Mayer J. How to build an invertebrate surgery chamber. Exotic DVM 2005;7:8-10.
39. Messenger JB, Nixon M, Ryan KP. Magnesium chloride as an anesthetic for cephalopods. Comp Biochem Physiol 1985; 82C:203-205.
40. Mills D, Tlili A, Norton J. Large-scale anesthesia of the silver-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima Jemeson. J Shellfish Res 1997;16:573-574.
41. Nicholls JG, Baylor DA. Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in the C leech. J Neurophysiol 1968;31:740-756.
42. Nicolas G, Sillans D. Immediate and latent effects of carbon dioxide on insects. Ann Rev Entomol 1989;34:97-116.
43. Noga EJ, Hancock AL, Bullis RA. Crustaceans. In: Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006; 179-193.
44. Norton JH, Dashorst M, Lansky TM, et al. An evaluation of some relaxants for use with pearl oysters. Aquaculture 1996;144:39-52.
45. O'Neill PL. The effect of anesthesia on spontaneous contraction of the body wall musculature in the astereroid Coscinasterias calamaria. Mar Behav Physiol 1994;24:137-150.
46. Oswald RL. Immobilization of decapod crustaceans for experimental purposes. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 1977;57:715-721.
47. Pizzi R. Spiders. In: Lewbart GA, ed. Invertebrate Medicine. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006;143-168.
48. Reilly RS. Euthanasia of animals used for scientific purposes. ANZCCART 2001;2:98-99.
49. Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD. Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach, 7th ed. Belmont, CA:Thompson-Brooks/Cole, 2004.
50. Scimeca JM, Forsythe JW. The use of anesthetic agents in cephalopods. Proc Int Assoc Aquat Anim Med 1999;27:88.
51. Smith J. A question of pain in invertebrates. ILAR J 1991;33:25-31.
52. Styrishave B, Andersen O, Depledge MH. In situ monitoring of heart rates in shore crabs Carcinus maenas in two tidal estuaries:effects of physico-chemical parameters on tidal and diel rhythms. Mar Fresh Behav Physiol 2003;36:161-175.
53. Valles SM, Koehler PG. Influence of carbon dioxide anesthesia on chlopyrifos toxicity in the German cockroach (Dictyptera:Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 1994;87:709-713.
54. Van den Spiegel D, Jangoux M. Cuverian tubules of the holothuroid Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata): a morphofunctional study. Mar Biol 1987;96:263-275.
55. Walcourt A, Ide D. A system for the delivery of general anesthetics and other volatile agents to the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurosci Meth 1998;84:115-119.
56. White HI, Hecht T, Potgieter B. The effect of four anaesthetics on Haliotis midae and their suitability for application in commercial abalone culture. Aquaculture 1996;140:145-151.
57. White J, Cardosa JL, Fan HW. Clinical toxicology of spider bites. In: Meir J, White J, eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995:117-128.
58. Woodall AJ, McCrohan CR. Excitatory actions of propofol and ketamine in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Comp Biochem Physiol 2000;127C:297-305.
59. Woodall AJ, Naruo H, Prince DJ, et al. Anesthetic treatment blocks synaptogenesis but not neuronal regeneration of cultured Lymnaeaneurons. J Neurophysiol 2003;90:2232-2239.