Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry: Applications in Environmental, Food, and Materials Analysis, Biotechnology, and Medical Engineering: Second Edition

Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry: Applications in Environmental, Food, and Materials Analysis, Biotechnology, and Medical Engineering: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-277

  Funk, Werner ^b   Dammann, Vera ^a   Donnevert, Gerhild ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b FB MNI ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889389109     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527609444     Document Type: Book

References (219)

1. Amador, E.: Quality Control by the Reference Sample Method, Am. J. Clin. Path. 50 (1968), 360.
2. AOAC: Interlaboratory Collaborative Study, Appendix D: Guidelines for Collaborative Study Procedures to Validate Characteristics of a Method of Analysis, AOAC, 2002.
3. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition (1975), 104 B, 26-33.
4. ASTM STP 15D: Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, American Society for Testing and Materials (1976).
5. Barnard, A.; Mitchell, R.; Wolf, G.: Good Analytical Practices in Quality Control, Analytical Chemistry 50(12) (1978), 1079A-1086A.
6. Barnard, G. A.: Control Charts and Stochastic Processes, J. R. Statist. Soc., B 21 (1959), 239-271.
7. Barwick, V. J.; Ellison, S. L. R.: (VAM Project 3.2.1 Development and harmonisation of measurement uncertainty principles, part (d)): Protocol for uncertainty evaluation from validation data (January 2000).
8. Barwick, V. J.; Ellison, S. L. R.: Measurement Uncertainty: Approaches to the Evaluation of Uncertainties Associated with Recovery, Analyst 124 (1999), 981-990.
9. Publication of a consensus document of the Federal States Working Group (Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe) for Good Laboratory Practice on the topic "Gute Laborpraxis (GLP) und Datenverarbeitung". Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, 28th October, 1996.
10. Publication of a consensus document of the Federal States Working Group (Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe) for Good Laboratory Practice for archiving and storage of documentation and materials. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, 5th May, 1998.
11. Beyer, W. H. (Ed.): Handbook of Tables for Probability and Statistics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1981).
12. Boehringer Mannheim, Wissenschaftliche Abteilung Diagnostika: Qualitätskontrolle Fehlersuche (1986).
13. Boroviczèny, K. G. von; Merten, R., Merten, U. P. (Eds.): Qualitätssicherung im Medizinischen Labor, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (1987).
14. Burr, I. W.: The Effect of Non-Normality on Constants for x and R Charts, Industrial Quality Control (May 1967), 563.
15. Caulcutt, R.; Boddy, R.: Statistics for Analytical Chemists, Chapman & Hall, London, New York (1983).
16. Chatterjee, S., Price, B.: Regression Analysis by Example, J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1977).
17. Cheeseman, R. V.; Wilson, A. L.: Manual on analytical quality control for the water industry, Water Research Centre, technical report, TR 66, Medmenham (1978).
18. CITAC/EURACHEM Guide: Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry, An Aid to Accreditation (2002).
19. Council Directive 87/18/EEC, 18th December, 1986, on the Harmonization of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions Relating to the Application of the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and the Verification of their Applications for Tests on Chemical Substances, Official Journal L 015, 17/01/1987, p. 0029-0030.
20. Council Directive 89/569/EEC, 28th July 1989, on the Acceptance by the European Economic Community of an OECD Decision/Recommendation on Compliance with the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, Official Journal L 315, 28/10/1989, p. 0001-0032.
21. Crosby, N. T.; Day, J. A.; Hardcastle, W. A.; Holcombe, D. G.; Treble, R. C.: Quality in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, ACOL, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore (1995).
22. Dammann, V.; Funk, W.; Marcard, G. v.; Papke, G.; Rinne, D.: Zur Problematik der Bestimmungsgrenze in derWasseranalytik, Vom Wasser 66 (1986), 97-109.
23. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualität, Arbeitsgruppe 7: Qualitätsregelkarten, DGQ-Schrift Nr. 16-30, Beuth Verlag, Berlin and Cologne, 3rd Edition (1979).
24. Deutscher Akkreditierungsrat: Anforderungen an Prüflaboratorien und Akkreditierungsstellen bezüglich der Messunsicherheitsabschätzung nach ISO/IEC 17025, DAR-4-INF-08 (2001).
25. Deutscher Akkreditierungsrat:Vorstellung eines Konzepts zur Messunsicherheit im Prüfwesen in Verbindung mit der Anwendung der ISO/IEC 17025, DAR-4-INF-09 (2002).
26. Deutscher Kalibrierdienst: Angabe der Messunsicherheit bei Kalibrierungen, DKD-3 Ausgabe 01/1998.
27. DEV A0-3 Strategien für dieWasseranalytik: Anleitung zur Durchführung von Ringversuchen zur Validierung von Analysenverfahren, DEV 57. Lieferung 2003.
28. Dewey, D. J.: Within-laboratory analytical quality control (Water Research Centre), Nyt Miljoestyr. Referencelab., Vandkvalitetsinst. (1979), 7: 79, 6-17.
29. Dharan, M.: Total Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory, The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis (1977).
30. DIN 1319 Teil 1: Grundlagen der Meßtechnik, Grundbegriffe (January 1995).
31. DIN 1333 Zahlenangaben (February 1992).
32. DIN 31051: Grundlagen der Instandhaltung, Begriffe und Maßnahmen (June 2003).
33. DIN 32633 Chemische Analytik-Verfahren der Standardaddition; Verfahren, Auswertung (December 1998).
34. DIN 32645: Nachweis-, Erfassungs-und Bestimmungsgrenze; Ermittlung unter Wiederholbedingungen; Begriffe, Verfahren, Auswertung (1994).
35. DIN 38402 Teil 11: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme von Abwasser (December 1995).
36. DIN 38402 Teil 12: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme aus stehenden Gewässern (June 1985).
37. DIN 38402 Teil 13: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme aus Grundwasserleitern (December 1985).
38. DIN 38402 Teil 14: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme von Rohwasser undTrinkwasser (March 1986).
39. DIN 38402 Teil 15: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme aus Fließgewässern (July 1986).
40. DIN 38402 Teil 16: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme aus dem Meer (August 1987).
41. DIN 38402 Teil 19: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme von Schwimm-u. Badebeckenwasser (April 1988).
42. DIN 38402 Teil 20: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme aus Tidegewässern (August 1987).
43. DIN 38402 Teil 30: Allgemeine Angaben-Vorbehandlung, Teilung und Homogenisierung heterogener Wasserproben (July 1998).
44. DIN 38402 Teil 41: Allgemeine Angaben-Ringversuche, Planung und Organisation (May 1984).
45. DIN 38402 Teil 42: Allgemeine Angaben-Ringversuche, Auswertung (September 2005).
46. ISO/CD 20612 (2005): Water quality-Interlaboratory comparisons for proficiency test of laboratories.
47. ISO 8466-1: 1990, Water quality-Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics-Part 1: Statistical evaluation of the linear calibration function.
48. DIN 38402 Teil 71: Gleichwertigkeit von zwei Analyseverfahren aufgrund des Vergleiches von Analyseergebnissen und deren statistischer Auswertung (November 2002).
49. DIN 38406 Teil 1: Kationen-Bestimmung von Eisen (May 1983).
50. DIN 38407 Teil 2: Gaschromatographische Bestimmung von schwerflüchtigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen (February 1993).
51. DIN 38409-41, Ausgabe: 1980-12: Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser-und Schlammuntersuchung; Summarische Wirkungs-und Stoffkenngrößen (Gruppe H); Bestimmung Chemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs (CSB) im Bereich über 15 mg/l (H 41).
52. DIN 55350 Teil 12: Begriffe der Qualitätssicherung und Statistik, Merkmalsbezogene Begriffe (March 1989).
53. DIN 55350 Teil 13: Begriffe der Qualitätssicherung und Statistik, Begriffe zur Genauigkeit von Ermittlungsverfahren und Ermittlungsergebnissen (July 1987).
54. DIN 58936 Teil 1: Qualitätssicherung in der Laboratoriumsmedizin, Grundbegriffe (October 2000).
55. DIN 58936 Teil 2: Qualitätssicherung in der Laboratoriumsmedizin, Begriffe zur Qualität und Anwendung von Untersuchungsverfahren (June 2001).
56. DIN 58936 Teil 5: Qualitätssicherung in der Laboratoriumsmedizin, Kontrollkarten; Begriffe, Allgemeine Anforderungen (July 1983).
57. DIN 58937 Teil 4: Allgemeine Laboratoriumsmedizin, Anforderungen an die Beschreibung von Methoden (November 1988).
58. EN 14136: 2004, Use of external quality assessment schemes in the assessment of the performance of in vitro diagnostic examination procedures.
59. DIN EN 1485, Ausgabe: 1996-11: Wasserbeschaffenheit-Bestimmung adsorbierbarer organisch gebundener Halogene (AOX); Deutsche Fassung EN 1485: 1996.
60. EN 45002: General criteria for the assessment of testing laboratories (1989).
61. ISO/IEC Guide 58: 1993, Calibration and testing laboratory accreditation systems-General requirements for operation and recognition (EN 45003).
62. ISO/IEC Guide 62: 1996, General requirements for bodies operating assessment and certification/registration of quality systems (EN 45012).
63. EN ISO 15189: 2003, Medical laboratories-Particular requirements for quality and competence.
64. EN ISO 19011: 2002, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing.
65. EN ISO 5961: 1994, Water quality-Determination of cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry.
66. ISO 9000: 2005 Quality management systems-Fundamentals and vocabulary.
67. EN ISO 9001: 2000, Quality management systems-Requirements.
68. EN ISO 9004: 2000, Quality management systems-Guidelines for performance improvements.
69. ISO 5479: 1997, Statistical interpretation of data-Tests for departure from the normal distribution.
70. ISO 5725-1: 1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results-Part 1: General principles and definitions.
71. ISO 5725-2: 1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results-Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.
72. ISO 8466-2: 2001, Water quality-Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics-Part 2: Calibration strategy for nonlinear second-order calibration functions.
73. DIN V 38402 Teil 17: Allgemeine Angaben-Probenahme von fallenden, nassen Niederschlägen in flüssigem Aggregatzustand (May 1988).
74. ISO/IEC Guide 43-1: 1997, Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons-Part 1: Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes.
75. ENV 13005: 1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
76. EN/ISO/IEC 17025: 2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
77. Doerffel, K.; Eckschlager, K.: Optimale Strategien in der Analytik, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, Frankfurt/M. (1981).
78. Doerffel, K.: Statistik in der analytischen Chemie,Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2002).
79. Draper, N., Smith, H.: Applied Regression Analysis,Wiley Interscience, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto (1998).
80. Driscoll, J. L.; Gudzinowicz, B. J.; Martin, H. F.: Instrument Evaluation in Biomedical Sciences, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel (1984).
81. Duncan, A. J.: Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, R. D. Irwin Inc., Homewood, Illinois (1965).
82. E DIN 55350 Teil 11: Begriffe zu Qualitätsmanagement und Statistik-Teil 11: Begriffe des Qualitätsmanagements, Ergänzung zu DIN EN ISO 9000: 2000-12.
83. Council Directive of 9th October 1979 concerning the methods of measurement and frequencies of sampling and analysis of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the Member States (79/869/EEC).
84. Eichordnung vom 12. Aug. 1988, Allgemeine Vorschriften, Physikalisch-technische Bundesanstalt, Deutscher Eichverlag Braunschweig, Bestell-Nr. 9560 und Anlagen, z. B. Anlage 12 zur Eichordnung: Volumenmeßgeräte für Laboratoriumszwecke.
85. Eisenhart, Ch.: William John Youden, 1900-1971, Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Jan. 1972), 3-6.
86. El-Nageh, M. M.: Basics of Quality Assurance for Intermediate and Peripheral Laboratories,WHO Regional Publications, Eastern Mediterranean Series, No. 2, 1992.
87. 2002/657/EC: Commission Decision of 14th August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Official Journal L 221, 17/08/2002, p. 8, corr. L 239, 06/09/2002, p. 66.
88. 2002/657/EC: Commission Decision of 12th August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Official Journal I 221, 17/08/2002, p. 8, corr. L 239, 06/09/2002, p. 8-16.
89. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and Waste Water Laboratories, EPA-600/4-79-019, Office of research and development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (1979).
90. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide: Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, 2nd Edition (2000).
91. EURACHEM Guide on Selection, Use and Interpretation of Proficiency Testing (PT) Schemes by Laboratories (2000).
92. EURACHEM Guide: The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods-A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics (1st Edition, 1998).
93. EUROLAB Technical Report No. 1/2002: Measurement Uncertainty in Testing (2002).
94. European co-operation for accreditation: EA guidelines on the expression of uncertainty in quantitative testing EA-4/16, rev00 (Dec. 2003).
95. Ewan, W. D.; Kemp, K. W.: Sampling inspection of continuous processes with no autocorrelation between successive results, Biometrika 47 (1960), 363-380.
96. Ewan, W. D.: When and how to use Cusum Charts, Technometrics 5 (1963), 1-22.
97. Faltblatt: Trinkwasser-Ringversuche in Deutschland, www.uni-stuttgart.de/siwa/ch/aqs/pdf/TWFlyer.pdf (September 2003).
98. Feinberg, M.: Basics of Interlaboratory Studies: the Trends in the New ISO 5725 Standard Edition, Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14 (1995), 450-457.
99. Franke, J. P.; de Zeeuw, R. A.: Evaluation and Optimization of the Standard Addition Method for Absorption Spectrometry and Anionic Stripping Voltammetry, Anal. Chem. 50 (1978), 1374-1380.
100. Funk, W.; Dammann, V.; Couturier, T.; Schiller, J., Völker, L.: Quantitative HPTLC Determination of Selenium, HRC+CC 9 (1986), 224-235.
101. Funk, W.; Dammann, V.; Vonderheid, C.; Oehlmann, G.: Statistische Methoden in der Wasseranalytik, VCH, Weinheim (1985).
102. Garfield, F. M.: Quality Assurance Principles for Analytical Laboratories, AOAC (1991), ISBN 0-935584-46-3.
103. Gesetz über Abgaben für das Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewässer (Abwasserabgabengesetz-AbwAG), Fassung vom 3. November 1994 (BGBl. I p. 3370; 1996 p. 1690; 1997 p. 582; 1998 p. 2455, 2001 p. 2331).
104. Gesetz zur Ordnung desWasserhaushalts (WHG-Wasserhaushaltsgesetz) vom 19. August 2002 (BGBl. I Nr. 59 vom 23. 8.2002 p. 3245; 6.1.2004 p. 2).
105. Glenn, G. C.; Hathaway, T. K.: Quality Control by Blind Sample Analysi, Am. J. Clin. Path. Vol. 72, No. 2 (1979), 156.
106. Goldsmith, P. L.; Whitfield, H.: Average Run Lengths in Cumulative Chart Quality Control Schemes, Technometrics 3 (1961), 11-21.
107. Gottschalk, G.: Einführung in die Grundlagen der chemischen Materialprüfung, Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1966.
108. Haeckel, R.; Höpfel, P.: Fehlersuche bei photometrischen Messungen im medizinischen Laboratorium, GIT, Labor-Medizin 80 (2) (1980), 112-115.
109. Haeckel, R.: Qualitätssicherung im medizinischen Labor, Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Fach-Taschenbuch Nr. 12, Köln (1975).
110. Hahn, J.: Meßinstrumentarium des Abwasserabgabe-und Wasserhaushaltsgesetzes, Korr. Abw. (1982), 670-679.
111. Handbook for Calculation of Measurement Uncertainty in Environmental Laboratories, Nordtest Project 1589-02 (2003). Available from Eurofins A/S, Agern Allé 11, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark.
112. Harbach, D.; Diehl, H.; Timm, J.; Huntemann, D.: Vergleich von drei Probenaufbereitungsverfahren für die quantitative Bestimmung von Blei in Fruchtsäften mit der flammlosen Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 301 (1980), 215-219.
113. Hartung, J.: Statistik, R. OldenburgVerlag, München (1982).
114. Huber, L.: Validation and Qualification in Analytical Laboratories, Interpharm Press, Buffalo Grove (1999).
115. Huber, W.: Nachweis von Ausreißern und Nichtlinearitäten bei der Auswertung von Eichreihen über eine Regressionsrechnung, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 319 (1984), 379-383.
116. Hund, E.; Massart, D. L.; Smeyers-Verbeke, J.: Operational Definitions of Uncertainty, Trends in Analytical Chemistry 20 (2001), 394-406.
117. Inhorn, St. L. (Ed.): Quality Assurance Practices for Health Laboratories, American Public Health Association (1978).
118. ISO 11095: Linear calibration using reference materials (Feb. 1996).
119. ISO 11843-1: Capability of Detection-Part 1: Terms and Definitions (1997).
120. ISO 11843-2: Capability of Detection-Part 2: Methodology in the Linear Calibration Case (2000).
121. ISO 17381: Water quality-Selection and application of ready-to-use test kit methods in water analysis (Dec. 2003).
122. ISO 3534-1 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols-Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms.
123. ISO 78-2: Chemistry-Layouts for standards-Part 2: Methods of chemical analysis (1999-03).
124. ISO 7870: Control Charts-General Guide and Introduction (Dec. 1993).
125. ISO 7873: Control Charts for Arithmetic Average with Warning Limits (Dec. 1993).
126. ISO Guide 35: Certification of Reference Materials-General and Statistical Principles (1989).
127. ISO Guide 38: General Requirements for the Acceptance of Testing Laboratories.
128. ISO Guide 45: Guidelines for the Presentation of Test Results.
129. ISO Guide 49: Guidelines for the Development of a Quality Manual for Testing Laboratories.
130. ISO Guide 30: Terms and Definitions used in Connection with Reference Materials.
131. ISO Guide 31: Contents of Certificates of Reference Materials (1981).
132. ISO/CD 11843-3: Capability of Detection-Part 3: Methodology for Determination of the Critical Value for the Response Variable when no Calibration Data are Used (2003).
133. ISO/CD 11843-4: Capability of Detection-Part 4: Methodology for Comparing the Minimum Detectable Value with a Given Value (2000).
134. ISO/TS 16489 (05/2006): Guidance for Establishing the Equivalency of Results.
135. ISO/TS 21748: Guidance for the Use of Repeatability, Reproducibility, andTrueness Estimates in Measurement Uncertainty Estimation (2004).
136. ISO/CD 13530: Water Quality-Guide to Analytical Quality Control for Water Analysis (2006).
137. IUPAC Technical Report (Draft): Harmonised Guidelines for the In-HouseValidation of Methods of Analysis. (http://www.iupac.org/divisions/V/501/draftoct19.pdf, 01/17/02).
138. Jackwerth, E.: Zur Eliminierung systematischer Fehler: Möglichkeiten und Probleme des Standard-Additionsverfahrens, Chemie für Labor und Betrieb 33 (1982), 4-10.
139. Jardine, A. K. S.; MacFarlane, J. D.; Greensted, C. S.: Statistical Methods for Quality Control,The Pitman Press, Bath, U.K. (1975).
140. Jork, H.; Funk, W.; Fischer, W.; Wimmer, H.: Thin-Layer Chromatography, Vol. 1A, Physical and Chemical Detection Methods,Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (February 1998).
141. Juran, J. D.; Gryna, F. M.; Bingham, R. S. (Eds.): Quality Control Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1975).
142. Kateman, G.; Buydens, M.; Buydens, L.: Quality Control in Analytical Chemistry, Wiley Interscience (1993).
143. Kemp, K. W.: The Use of Cumulative Sums for Sampling Inspection Schemes, Applied Statistics 11 (1962), 16-31.
144. Kenkel, J.: A Primer on Quality in the Analytical Laboratory, Lewis Publ., Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington (2000).
145. Klärschlammverordnung (AbfKlärV) vom 15. April 1992 (BGBl. I 1992 p. 912; 1997 p. 446; 25. 3.2002 p. 1193; 25. 4.2002 p. 1488; 26. 11.2003 p. 2373).
146. Krutz, H.; Cammann, K.; Donnevert, G.; Funk, W.; Hebbel, H.; Kolloch, B.; Laubereau, P. G.; Leichtfuß, S.; Neitzel, V.; Rump, H. H.: Chemometrie in derWasseranalytik,VomWasser 72 (1989), 125-143.
147. Lanser, T. R.; Ballinger, D. G.: (EPA, USA) Quality Assurance Update, Environmental Science & Technology 13 (1979), 1356-1366.
148. Lucas, J. M.: A Modified "V-Mask" Control Scheme, Technometrics 15 (1973), 833-847.
149. Mager, H.: Moderne Regressionsanalyse, Salle & Sauerländer, Frankfurt (1982).
150. Mandel, J.; Lashof, T. W.: Interpretation and Generalization of Youden's Two-Sample Diagram, Journal of QualityTechnology, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Jan. 1974), 22-36.
151. Mandel, J.: The Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data, Interscience Publ., J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1964).
152. Markowetz, D.: Qualitätsmanagement in der Laboratoriumsmedizin, Chapman & Hall, Weinheim (1997).
153. Massart, D. L.; Vandeginste, B. G. M.; Buydens, L. M. C.; De Jong, S.; Lewi, P. J.; Smeyers-Verbeke, J.: Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Parts A and B, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam (1997).
154. Massart, D. L.: Evaluation and Optimization of Laboratory Methods and Analytical Procedures, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1978).
155. Meier, P. C.; Zünd, R. E.: Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, J. Wiley, New York, 2nd Edition (2000).
156. Merkblatt zu den Rahmenempfehlungen der Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser (LAWA) für die Qualitätssicherung bei Wasser-, Abwasser-, und Schlammuntersuchungen Nr. A-2 Kontrollkarten (Gelbdruck, January 2004).
157. Merkblatt zu den Rahmenempfehlungen der Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser (LAWA) für die Qualitätssicherung bei Wasser-, Abwasser-, und Schlammuntersuchungen Nr. A-3 (Stand Jan. 2001): Ringversuche zur externen Qualitätsprüfung von Laboratorien.
158. Merkblatt zur Rahmenempfehlung der Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser (LAWA) für die Qualitätssicherung bei der Wasser-, Abwasser-, und Schlammuntersuchung Nr. A-4 (Stand 1.3. 1989): Plausibilitätskontrolle.
159. Miller, J. C.; Miller, J. N.: Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, Second edition, Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, England (1988).
160. Mitchell, D. G.; Mills, W. N., Garden, J. S.: Multiple-Curve Procedure for Improving Precision with Calibration-Curve-Based Analyses, Anal. Chem. 49 (1977), 1655-1660.
161. Morries, P.; Hunt, D. T. E.: The Determinant Content of Water used in Blank Determinations,Water Research Centre, Medmenham, U.K. (May 1982).
162. Müller, C. H.; Uhlig, S.: Estimation of Variance Components with High Breakdown Point and High Efficiency, Biometrika 88 (2001), 353-366.
163. Natrella, M. G.: Experimental Statistics, National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91, Washington D.C. (1966).
164. Naturvårdsverket Rapport 3377: Interkalibrering 1987-1, Jonbalans, konduktivitet och pH, Solna, Sweden (1987).
165. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 1: OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, Environment Monograph No. 45, Paris (1998).
166. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 10: Application of the Principles of GLP to Computerized Systems, Paris (1995).
167. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 13: Consensus Document: The Application of the OECD Principles of GLP to the Organization and Management of Multi-Site Studies, Paris (2002).
168. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 2: Guidance for GLP Monitoring Authorities. Revised Guides for Compliance Monitoring Procedures for Good Laboratory Practice, Paris (1995).
169. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 3: Guidance for GLP Monitoring Authorities. Revised Guidance for the Conduct of Laboratory Inspections and Study Audits, Environment Monograph No. 111, Paris (1995).
170. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 4: Consensus Document: Quality Assurance and GLP, Paris (1999).
171. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 5 (revised): Consensus Document: Compliance of Laboratory Suppliers with GLP Principles, Paris (1999).
172. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 6 (revised): Consensus Document: The Application of the GLP Principles to Field Studies, Paris (1999).
173. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 7 (revised): Consensus Document: The Application of the GLP Principles to Short-Term Studies, Paris (1999).
174. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring, No. 8 (revised): Consensus Document: The Role and Responsibilities for the Study Director in GLP Studies, Paris (1999).
175. Page, E. S.: Continuous Inspection Schemes, Biometrika 41 (1954), 100-115.
176. Papke, G.: Beispiele für die Anwendung der analytischen Qualitätssicherung (AQS) bei der Bestimmung des C, 10th Aachener Werkstattgespräch, 25-26th September 1986; gwa 92 (1987), 58-81.
177. Prichard, E.: Quality in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, J. Wiley, Chichester (1995).
178. Ratzlaff, K. L.: Optimizing Precision in Standard Addition Measurement, Anal. Chem. 51 (1979), 232-235.
179. Reed, A. H.; Henry, R. J.: Accuracy, Precision, Quality Control, and Miscella neous Statistics, Clinical Chemistry Principles and Techniques, Chapter 12, 287-341.
180. Reeuwijk, L. P. van; Houba, V. J. G.: Guidelines for Quality Management in Soil and Plant Laboratories, FAO and ISRIC, Rome (1998).
181. Commission Directive 1999/11/EC of 8th March 1999 adapting to technical progress the principles of good laboratory practice as specified in Council Directive 87/18/EEC on the harmonisation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of the principles of good laboratory practice and the verification of their applications for tests on chemical substances.
182. Commission Directive 1999/12/EC of 8th March 1999 adapting to technical progress for the second time the Annex to Council Directive 88/320/EEC on the inspection and verification of good laboratory practice (GLP).
183. Commission Directive 2003/78/EC of 11th August 2003 laying down the sampling methods and the methods of analysis for the official control of the levels of patulin in foodstuffs.
184. Council Directive 88/320/EEC of 9th June 1988 on the inspection and verification of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Official Journal L 145, 11/06/1988, p. 0035-0037.
185. Commission Directive 98/53/EC of 16th July 1998 laying down the sampling methods and the methods of analysis for the official control of the levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Official Journal L 201, 17/07/1998, p. 0093-0101.
186. Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, Official Journal L 330, 05/12/1998, p. 0032-0054.
187. Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung quantitativer laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (ab 01. 01. 2002), http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de
188. Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung in der Mikrobiologie (Teil A und B) (1992).
189. Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community, Volume IV: Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products; III/3093/92-EN, January 1992.
190. Sachs, L.: Angewandte Statistik: Anwendung statistischer Methoden, 9th revised edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1999).
191. Seydlitz, G. v.: II. Fehlermöglichkeiten und systematische Fehlersuche, Wissenschaftliche Abteilung der ASID Bonz and Sohn GmbH, 85716 Unterschleißheim.
192. Sharaf, M. A.; Illmann, D. L.; Kowalski, B. R: Chemometrics, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1986).
193. Shewhart, W.: The Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, D. van Nostrand Company. Inc., New York (1931).
194. Sokolowski, G.; Wood, W. G.: Radioimmunoassay in Theorie und Praxis, Schnetztor-Verlag, Konstanz (1981).
195. Stamm, D.: Calibration and Quality Control Materials, Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem. 12 (1974), 137-145.
196. Strategien für dieWasseranalytik:Verfahrensentwicklung, Validierung und Qualitätssicherung in der Routine. Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser-, und Schlammanalytik (DEV), 39. Lieferung, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1997).
197. Thompson, M.; Ellison, S. L. R.; Wood, R.: Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis (IUPAC Technical Report, Pure & Appl. Chem. Vol. 74, No. 5 (2002), 835-855.
198. Thompson, M.; Wood, R.: The International Harmonized Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of (Chemical) Analytical Laboratories-Results from the Symposium on Harmonization of Quality Assurance Systems in Chemical Analysis, Geneva, Switzerland, May 1991 (IUPAC, ISO, AOAC); Pure & Appl. Chem. 65 (1993), 2123-2144.
199. Timm, J.; Diehl, H.; Harbach, D.: Voraussetzung und Grenzen zur Anwendung der Additionsmethode bei der Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 301 (1980), 199-202.
200. Tonks, D. B.: A Dual Program of Quality Control for Clinical Chemistry Laboratories, with a Discussion of Allowable Limits of Error; Z. Anal. Chem. 243 (1968), 760.
201. Uhlig, S.: Robust Estimation of Variance Components with High Breakdown Point in the 1-Way Random Effect Model, in: Industrial Statistics (Eds.: Kitsos, C. P.; Edler, L.), Physica-Verlag, p. 65-73 (1997).
202. van Dobben de Bruyn, C. S.: Cumulative Sum Techniques: Theory and Practice, Griffin's Statistical Monographs and Courses, No. 24, Charles Griffin, London (1968).
203. VDI 2449 Blatt 3: Prüfkriterien von Messverfahren, Allgemeine Methode zur Ermittlung der Unsicherheit kalibrierfähiger Messverfahren (2001).
204. Verordnung über Anforderungen an das Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewässer AbwV-Abwasserverordnung-vom 15. Oktober 2002 (BGBl. Nr. I vom 23. 10.2002 S. 4047, ber. 2002 S. 4550)
205. Verordnung über die Qualität vonWasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch (TrinkwV 2001-Trinkwasserverordnung) vom 21. Mai 2001, BGBl. I Nr. 24 vom 28. 5.2001 p. 959; 25. 11.2003 p. 2304.
206. Wassergesetz für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (Landeswassergesetz-LWG) i. d. F. d.Bek. v. 9. Juni 1989 (GV.NW.S. 384).
207. Wenclawiak, B. W.; , Koch, M.; Hadjicostas, E.: Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry-Training and Teaching, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (2004).
208. Wernimont, G.: Use of Control Charts in the Analytical Laboratory, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition 18 (1946), 587-592.
209. Westgard, J. O.; Hunt, M. R.: Use and Interpretation of Common Statistical Tests in Method-Comparison Studies. Clin. Chem. 19 (1973), 49-57.
210. Wetherill, G. B.: Sampling Inspection and Quality Control, Chapman and Hall, London, New York, 2nd edition (1982).
211. Whithehead, T. P., et al.: Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London (1977).
212. WHO: EuroReports "Quality Assessment in Health Laboratories" (1981).
213. WHO Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Products; PHARM/90.129 Rev. 3, March 1991.
214. Wilrich, P.-Th.: Qualitätsregelkarte bei vorgegebenen Grenzwerte, QZ 24, 10 (1979), 260-280.
215. Wilson, A. L.: The Performance Characteristics of Analytical Methods-II, Talanta 17 (1970), 30-44.
216. Woodward, R. H.; Goldsmith, P. L.: Cumulative Sum Techniques, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques for Industry, Monograph No. 3, Oliver and Boyd for ICI, Edinburgh (1972).
217. Youden, W. J.; Steiner, E. H.: Statistical Manual of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC Publication, 2nd Edition (1979).
218. Youden, W. J.: Graphical Diagnosis of Interlaboratory Test Results, Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1 (January 1972), 29-33.
219. Zoonen, P. van; Hoogerbrugge, R.; Gort, s. M.; Wiele, H. J. van de: Some Practical Examples of Method Validation in the Analytical Laboratory,Trends in Analytical Chemistry 18 (1999), 584-593.