Modeling re-entry exposure estimates: Techniques and application rates

Worker Exposure to Agrochemicals: Methods for Monitoring and Assessment

Volumn , Issue , 2000, Pages 119-138

  Brouwer, D H ^a   De Haan, M ^a   Van Hemmen, J J ^a  

^a TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889285805     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (22)

1. ACGIH (1985) Particle Size Selective Sampling in the Workplace, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH.
2. Bates, J.A.R. (1990) The prediction of pesticide residues in crops by the optimum use of existing data, Pure/Appl. Chem., 62:337-350.
3. Bierman, E.P.B, Brouwer, D.H., and van Hemmen, J.J. (1997) Measuring crop density: comparison of volumetry and stereological methods, Bull. Environ. Contam. Tox., 58:1006-1013.
4. Brouwer, D.H., de Haan, M., Peelen, S., van de Vijver, L., and van Hemmen, J.J. (1994) Dislodgeable foliar residue as an estimate of source strength for worker exposure to pesticides, in Book of Abstracts from the 8th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, American Chemical Society/IUPAC, July 4-9.
5. Brouwer, R., Brouwer, D.H., De Mik, G., and van Hemmen, J.J. (1992) Exposure to Pesticides. Part I. The Cultivation of Carnations in Greenhouses, S131-1, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, The Hague, The Netherlands; also published in Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc. J., 53:575-581, 1992.
6. Emmen, H.H., Hoogendijk, E.M.H., Brouwer, D.H., Muijser, H., and Kulig, B.M. (1996) Cumulative Effects of Pesticide Exposure on Human Nervous System Functioning, Report V96.320, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
7. Engel, R. (1988) Determination of Thiophanate-methyl by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV Detection, Report BT-41, Medical Biological Laboratory TNO, Department of Occupational Toxicology, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
8. Gundersen, H.J.G., Bendtsen, T.F., Korbo, L., Marcussen, N., Moller, A., Nielsen, K., Nyengaard, J.R., Pakkenberg, B., Sorensen, F.B., Vesterby, A., and West, M.J. (1988) Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis, APMIS, 96:379-394.
9. Haan de, M., Brouwer, D.H., and van Hemmen, J.J. (1996) Re-entry Exposure Estimates: Application Technique, Foliar Surface and Re-entry Time as Critical Predictors for Dislodgeable Foliar Residue, Report V96.384, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
10. Iwata, Y., Knaak, J.B., Spear, R.C., and Foster, R.J. (1977) Worker re-entry into pesticide-treated crops. I. Procedure for determination of dislodgeable foliar residues on foliage, Bull. Environ. Contam. Tox., 10:649-655.
11. Lundehn, J.R., Westphal, D., Kieczka, H., Krebs, B., Löcher-Bolz, S., Maasfeld, W., and Pick, E.P. (1992) Mitteilungen aus der Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Einheitliche Grundsätze zur Sicherung des gesundheitsschutzes für den Anwender von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Heft 277, Berlin, Germany.
12. MAFF/Joint Medical Panel of the Scientific Subcommittee on Pesticides of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the Toxicology Committee of the British Agrochemical Association (1986/1992) Estimation of Exposure and Absorption of Pesticides by Spraying Operators, MAFF, Pesticides Registration Department, Harpenden Laboratory, Harpenden, Herts, England.
13. Jongen, M.J.M, Engel, R., and Leenheers, L.H. (1991) High performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of occupational exposure to the pesticide abamectin, Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc. J., 52: 433-437.
14. Popendorf, W.J. (1985) Advances in the unified model for re-entry hazards in Dermal exposure related to pesticide in use, in Discussion of Risk Assessment, Honeycutt, R.C., Zweig, G., and Ragsdale, N.N., Eds., ACS Symposium Series 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp 323-340.
15. Popendorf, W.J., Spear, R.C., and Selvin, S. (1975) Collecting foliar pesticides residues related to potential airborne exposure to workers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 9:583-585.
16. Sherle, W. (1970) A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology, Microscopy, 20:57-60.
17. Soekhoe, U. and Kerstens, H.J. (1995) Determination of Propoxur, Methiocarb, and Tinopal on Gloves, Filters, and Leaves by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Report DATV/BT/076, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Department of Occupational Toxicology, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
18. van Hemmen, J.J. (1992) Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Agriculture: Part I. General Aspects, Part II. Mixing and Loading, Part III. Application, S-reeks S141 1/3, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, The Hague, The Netherlands; also, Agricultural pesticide exposure data bases for risk assessment, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 126:1-85, 1992.
19. van Hemmen, J.J. (1993) Predictive exposure modelling for pesticide registration purposes, Ann. Occup. Hygiene, 37:514-564.
20. van Hemmen, J.J., van Golstei, Y.G.C., and Brouwer, D.H. (1995) Pesticide exposure and re-entry in agriculture, in Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment, Maroni, M., Iyengar, S., Curry, P., and Maloney, P., Eds., Plenum Press, London, pp 9-19.
21. Veerman, M.C., van de Vijver, L., de Haan, M., Brouwer, D.H., and van Hemmen, J.J. (1994) Exposure to Pesticides. Part IV. The Harvesting of Chrysanthemums in Greenhouses, Report S131-5, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, The Hague, The Netherlands.
22. Willis, G.H. and McDowell, L.L. (1987) Pesticide persistence on foliage, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 100:23-62.