Biomass fuel use for household cooking in Swaziland: Is there an association with anaemia and stunting in children aged 6-36 months?

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 107, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 535-544

  Machisa, Mercilene ^a   Wichmann, Janine ^b   Nyasulu, Peter S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Anaemia; Biomass fuels; Demographic and Health Survey; Indoor air pollution; Stunting; Swaziland

Indexed keywords

FUEL;

ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BIOMASS; BIRTH WEIGHT; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; COOKING; DIARRHEA; FAMILY PLANNING; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEMOGLOBIN ANALYSIS; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; STUNTING; SWAZILAND;

ANAEMIA; BIOMASS FUELS; DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; STUNTING; SWAZILAND;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; ANEMIA; BIOMASS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COOKING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMOGRAPHY; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; GROWTH DISORDERS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MATERNAL WELFARE; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRES; SWAZILAND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84889023707     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: 18783503     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt055     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. WHO. Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005. Summary of risk assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006, WHO/SDE/ PHE/OEH/06.02.
2. Smith KR. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: recommendations for research. Indoor Air 2002;12:198-207.
3. Desai MA, Mehta S, Smith KR. Indoor smoke fromsolid fuels. Assessing the environmentalburdenof disease atnational and local levels.Geneva: WorldHealthOrganization, Protection of theHuman Environment; 2004, WHO Environmental Burden of Disease Series No. 4.
4. Behera D, Dash S, Malik S. Blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels following acute exposure to smoke of biomass fuel. Indian J Med Res 1988;88:522-4.
5. Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:1078-92.
6. Kleinman MT. South Coast Air Quality Management District. The health effects of air pollution on children. Irvine, CA: University of California; 2000. http://www.aqmd.gov/forstudents/health_effects_on_children. pdf [accessed 15 March 2013].
7. Ezzati M, Kammen D. Indoorair pollution frombiomasscombustionand acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure-response study. Lancet 2001;358:619-24.
8. Torres-Duque C, Maldonado D, Pérez-Padilla R et al. Biomass fuels and respiratory diseases: a review of the evidence. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5:577-90.
9. Wichmann J, Voyi KV. Influence of cooking and heating fuel use on 1-59 month old mortality in South Africa. Matern Child Health J 2006;10:553-61.
10. Smith KR, Mehta S, Maeusezahl-Feuz M. Indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels: comparative quantification of health risks. In: Ezzati MLA, Rodgers A, Murray CJL (editors). Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2004, p.1435-93.
11. Shrestha IL, Shrestha SL. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuels and respiratory health of the exposed population in Nepalese households. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:150-60.
12. Mishra V, Dai X, Smith KR, Mika L. Maternal exposure to biomass smoke and reduced birth weight in Zimbabwe. Ann Epidemiol 2004;14:740-7.
13. Dary O, Pineda O, Belizán JM. Carbon monoxide contamination in dwellings in poor rural areas of Guatemala. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1981;26:24-30.
14. Tanner JM. Growth as a mirror of the condition of society: secular trends and class distinctions. In: Demirjian A (editor). Human Growth-A Multidisciplinary Review. London-Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis; 1986, p.3-34.
15. Zetterström R. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia during infancy and childhood. Acta Paediatr 2004;93:436-9.
16. Tympa-Psirropoulou E, Vagenas C, Dafni O et al. Environmental risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia in children 12-24 months old in the area of Thessalia in Greece. Hippokratia 2008;12:240-50.
17. Mishra V, Retherford RD. Does biofuel smoke contribute to anaemia and stunting in early childhood? Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:117-29.
18. Central Statistical Office (CSO) [Swaziland] and Macro International Inc. Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07. Mbabane, Swaziland: Central Statistical Office and Macro International Inc.; 2008. http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR202/FR202.pdf [accessed 15 March 2013].
19. UNDP/ESMAP. Swaziland Household Energy Strategy Study.Washington DC: Joint United Nations Development Programme/World Bank, Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme; 1997, Report No. 198/97. http://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/FR198-97_Swaziland_Household_Energy_Strategy_Study.pdf [accessed 15 March 2013].
20. Remmelzwaal A. Swaziland Country Environment Profile (Draft Report). Commission of the European Communities; 2006. http://www.eeas. europa.eu/delegations/swaziland/documents/eu_swaziland/swaziland_country_environment_profile_june_2006.pdf [accessed13March 2013].
21. Swaziland Government. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Model Full Report. Mbabane, Swaziland: Central Statistical Office; 2000. http ://www.childinfo.org/files/swaziland.pdf [accessed 15 March 2013].
22. WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. VMNIS: Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011, WHO/NMH/ NHD/MNM/11.1.
23. WHO. Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr 2006;Suppl 450:76-85.
24. Mishra V, Retherford RD. Cooking smoke increases the risk of acute respiratory infection in children. Natl Fam Health Surv Bull 1997;8:No. 8.
25. Boy E, Bruce N, Delgado H. Birth weight and exposure to kitchen wood smoke during pregnancy in rural Guatemala. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:109-14.
26. Neufeld LM, Haas JD, Ruel MT et al. Smoky indoor cooking fires are associated with elevated hemoglobin concentration in iron-deficient women. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2004;15:110-8.
27. Samet JM, Tielsch J. Commentary: Could biomass fuel smoke cause anaemia and stunting in early childhood? Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:130-1.
28. Osazuwa F, Ayo OM, Imade P. A significant association between intestinal helminth infection and anaemia burden in children in rural communities of Edo state, Nigeria. N AmJ Med Sci 2011;3:30-4.
29. Molyneux ME, Looareesuwan S, Menzies IS et al. Reduced hepatic blood flow and intestinal malabsorption in severe falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989;40:470-6.
30. Wilairatana P, Meddings JB, Ho M et al. Increased gastrointestinal permeability in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:430-5.
31. Prasad NR, Virk KJ. Malaria as acause of diarrhoea-a review. PNG Med J 1993;36:337-41.
32. Wamani H, Åstrøm AN, Peterson S et al. Boysaremore stunted than girls in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis of 16 demographic and health surveys. BMC Pediatr 2007;7:17.
33. Malla S, Shrestha SM. Complementary feeding practices and its impact on nutritional status of under two old children in urban areas of the Kathmandu, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2004;2:No. 1.
34. Yimer G. Malnutrition among children in southern Ethiopia: levels and risk factors. Ethiop J Health Dev 2000;14:283-92.
35. Kumar D, Goel NK, Mittal PC, Misra P. Influence of infant-feeding practices on nutritional status of under-five children. Indian J Pediatr 2006;73:417-21.
36. Cornet M, Le Hesran JY, Fievet N. Prevalence of and risk factors for anemia in young children in southern Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998;58:606-11.
37. Khan MMA, Khattak M, Ali S. Malnutrition and associated risk factors in pre-school children (2-5 years) in district Swabi (NWFP)-Pakistan. J Med Sci 2010;10:34-9.
38. Murila FV, Macharia WM, Wafula EM. Iron deficiency anaemiain children of a peri-urban health facility. East Afr Med J 1999;76:520-3.
39. Adish AA, Esrey SA, Gyorkos TW, Johns T. Risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia in preschool children in northern Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr 1999;2:243-52.
40. Teshome B, Kogi-Makau W, Getahun Z, Taye G. Magnitude and determinants of stunting in children under-five years of age in food surplus region of Ethiopia: the case of West Gojam Zone. Ethiop J Health Dev 2009;23:98-106.
41. Ricci JA, Becker S. Risk factors for wasting and stunting among children in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:966-75.
42. Sommerfelt AE, Stewart MK. Children's nutritional status. Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc.; 1994, Demographic and Health Surveys, Comparative studies No. 12. http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/ CS12/CS12.pdf [accessed 15 March 2013].
43. Mishra V. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory illness in preschool age children in Zimbabwe. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:847-53.