Review of the utility of infrared remote sensing for detecting and monitoring volcanic activity with the case study of shortwave infrared data for lascar volcano from 2001-2005

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 380, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 107-135

  Blackett, Matthew ^a,b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Faculty of Engineering and Computing   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFRARED IMAGERY; REMOTE SENSING; VOLCANO; VOLCANOLOGY; ASTER; MONITORING; SATELLITE DATA; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

ANTOFAGASTA; CHILE; LASCAR;

EID: 84888984177     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/SP380.10     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Abrams, M. & Hook, S. J. 1995. Simulated ASTER data for geologic studies. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 33, 692-699.
2. Arellano-Baezaa, A., García, R., Trejo-Soto, M. & Martinez Bringas, M. 2009. Use of the ASTER satellite images for evaluation of structural changes in the Popocatépetl Volcano related to microseismicity. Advances in Space Research, 43, 224-230.
3. AVO 2012. http://avo.images.alaska.edu/tools/ (accessed 25 August 2012).
4. Bailey, J.E.,Dean,K.G.,Dehn, J.&Webley, P.W. 2010. Integrated satellite observations of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano. In: Power, J. A., Coombs, M. L. & Freymueller, J. T. (eds) The 2006 Eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. US Geological Survey, Reston, VA, Professional Papers, 1769, http://pubs. usgs.gov/pp/1769/chapters/p1769_chapter20.pdf
5. BGVN 2003. Small ash eruptions in October 2002; fumarole investigations. Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 28, 3.
6. BGVN 2005. 4 May 2005 eruption sends ash over 1,000 km SE, 3/4; of the way to Buenos Aires. Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 30, 4.
7. Blackett, M. 2007. Infrared Radiance of Mount Etna, Sicily. Journal of Map Student Edition, 2007, 23-31.
8. Blackett, M. & Wooster, M. J. 2011. Evaluation of SWIR-based methods for quantifying active volcano radiant emissions using NASA EOS-ASTER data. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2, 51-79.
9. Boltzmann, L. 1884. Ableitung des Stefan'schen Gesetzes, betreffend die Abhängigkeit derWärmestrahlung von der Temperatur aus der electromagnetischen Lichttheorie. Annal Physik Chemie, 22, 291-294.
10. Bryce, I.&French, I. 1992. A shortwave infrared spaceborne imager for fires. 7th National Space Engineering Symposium, Canberra, 21-26 September. The Institution of Engineers, Australia.
11. Buongiorno, M., Realmuto, V. & Doumaz, F. 2002. Recovery of spectral emissivity from Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner imagery acquired over a mountainous terrain. A case study from Mount Etna Sicily. Remote Sensing of Environment, 79, 123-133.
12. Byrnes, J. M., Ramsey, M. S. & Crown, D. A. 2004. Surface unit characterization of the Mauna Ulu flow field, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, using integrated field and remote sensing analyses. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135, 169-193.
13. Carter, A. J. & Ramsey, M. S. 2009. ASTER- and fieldbased observations at Bezymianny Volcano: focus on the 11 May 2007 pyroclastic flow deposit. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 2142-2151.
14. Carter, A. J., Ramsey, M. S. & Belousov, A. B. 2007. Detection of a new summit crater on Bezymianny Volcano lava dome: satellite and field based thermal data. Bulletin of Volcanology, 69, 811-815, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0113-x
15. Carter, A. J., Girina, O., Ramsey, M. S. & Demyanchuk, Y. 2008. ASTER and field observations of the 24 December 2006 eruption of Bezymianny Volcano, Russia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 2569-2577.
16. Cashman, K. V., Thornber, C. & Kauahikaua, J. P. 1999. Cooling and crystallization of lava in open channels, and the transition of Pahoehoe Lava to 'A'a. Bulletin of Volcanology, 61, 306-323.
17. Cassinis, R. & Lechi, G. M. 1974. The Use of Infrared Radiometry in Geothermal Areas. In: Civetta, L. (ed.) Physical Volcanology (Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
18. Chien, S., Solverman, D., Davies, A. G. & Mandl, D. 2009. Onboard science processing concepts for the HyspIRI Mission. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 24, 12-19, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2009.120
19. Corradini, S., Merucci, L., Prata, A. J. & Piscini, A. 2010. Volcanic ash and SO2 in the 2008 Kasatochi eruption: retrievals comparison from different IR satellite sensors. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, 10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013634
20. Crisp, J. & Baloga, S. 1990. A model for lava flows with two thermal components. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 1255-1270.
21. Crites, S. T., Lucey, P. G., Wright, R., Garbeil, H. & Horton, K. A. 2011. A low cost thermal infrared hyperspectral imager for small satellites. In: Pham, K. D., Zmuda, H., Cox, J. L. & Meyer, G. J. (eds) Proceedings of SPIE 8044, Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV, May 23, 2011. 80440O, http://dx.doi. org/10.1117/12.886535
22. Davies, A. G., Chien, S. et al. 2006. Monitoring active volcanism with the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) on EO-1. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101, 427-446.
23. Davies, A. G., Chien, S., Tran, D. Q. & Doubleday, J. 2010. Onboard processing of multispectral and hyperspectraldata ofvolcanic activity for future Earth-orbiting and planetary missions. In: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS). IEEEInternational,Conference Publications, New York, 4381-4384.
24. Dean, K. G., Dehn, J., Engle, K., Izbekov, P., Papp, K. & Patrick, M. 2002. Operational satellite monitoring of volcanoes at the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Modeling, 1, 70-97.
25. Dehn, J., Dean, K. G. & Engle, K. 2000. Thermal monitoring of North Pacific volcanoes from space. Geology, 28, 755-758.
26. Donegan, S. & Flynn, L. P. 2004. Comparison of the response of the Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper + and the earth observing-1 advanced land imager over active lava flows. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135, 105-126.
27. Dozier, J. 1981. A method for satellite identification of surface temperature fields of subpixel resolution. Remote Sensing of Environment, 11, 221-229.
28. Duda, K. & Abrams, M. 2007. ASTER and USGS EROS Emergency Imaging for Hurricane Disasters. In: Farris, G. S., Smith, G. J., Crane, M. P., Demas, C. R., Robbins, L. L. & Lavoie, D. L. (eds) Science and the Storms - the USGS Response to the Hurricanes of 2005. U.S. Geological Survey, Circular, 1306, 79-85, http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/ c1306_ch4_d.pdf
29. EUMETSAT 2012. Europe's Geostationary Meteorological Satellites, Version 2, May 2012, http://www. eumetsat.int/groups/cps/documents/document/pdf_ br_prg01_en.pdf
30. Fink, J. H. 1990. Lava Flows and Domes, Emplacement, Mechanisms and Hazard Implications. Springer, Berlin.
31. Fisher, W. A., Mozham, R. M., Polcyn, F. & Landis, G. H. 1964. Infrared surveys of Hawaiian Volcanoes. Science, 146, 733-742 (abstract).
32. Flynn, L. 1992. Radiative Temperature Measurements of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha Eruption with Implications for Satellite Remote Sensing. PhD dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
33. Flynn, L. P. 1996. Thermal anomaly low spatial resolution. EOS Volcanology Team Data Product Document MOU 81-3292, 3rd draft.
34. Flynn, L. P., Mouginis-Mark, P. J., Gradie, J. C. & Lucey, P. 1993. Radiative temperature measurements at Kupaianaha lava lake, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 6461-6476.
35. Folkman, M., Pearlman, J., Liao, L. & Jarecke, P. 2001. Hyperspectral remote sensing of the land and atmosphere. Proc. SPIE, 4151, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1117/12.417022
36. Francis, P. & Rothery, D. 2000. Remote sensing of active volcanoes. Annual Review of Earth Planet Science, 28, 81-106.
37. Ganci, G., Vicari, A. & Fortuna, L. 2011. The HOTSAT volcano monitoring system based on combined use of SEVIRI and MODIS multispectral data. Annals of Geophysics, 54, 544-550.
38. Ganci, G., Vicari, A., Cappello, A. & Del Negro, C. 2012. An emergent strategy for volcano hazard assessment: from thermal satellite monitoring to lava flow modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment, 119, 197-207.
39. Gawarecki, S. J., Lyon, R. J. P. & Nordberg, W. 1965. Infrared spectral returns and imagery of the Earth from space and their application to geological problems: scientific experiments for manned orbital flight. American Astronautical Society, Science and Technology, 4, 13-133.
40. Giglio, L. 2010. MODIS Collection 5 Active Fire Product User's Guide. University of Maryland, http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/products/MODIS_Fire_Users_ Guide_2.4.pdf
41. Giglio, L. & Justice, C. O. 2003. Effect of wavelength selection on characterization of fire size and temperature. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, 3515-3520.
42. Giglio, L. & Kendall, J. D. 2001. Application of the Dozier retrieval to wildfire characterization. A sensitivity analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment, 77, 34-49.
43. Giglio, L., Csiszar, I., Restás, A., Morisette, J., Schroeder, W., Morton, D. & Justice, C. 2008. Active fire detection and characterization with the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER). Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 3055-3063.
44. Glaze, L., Francis, P. W. & Rothery, D. A. 1989. Measuring thermal budgets of active volcanoes by satellite sensing. Nature, 338, 144-146.
45. Gunderson, A. 2011. An investigation of cloud cover probability for the HyspIRI mission using MODIS cloud mask data. Aerospace Conference, 2011 IEEE, Big Sky, MT.
46. Harris, A. J. L., Vaughan, R.A. & Rothery, D. A. 1995. Volcano detection and monitoring using AVHRR data: the Krafla eruption, 1984. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16, 1001-1020.
47. Harris, A. J. L., Blake, S., Rothery, D. A. & Stevens, N. F. 1997. A chronology of the 1991 to 1993 Mount Etna eruption using advanced very high resolution radiometer data: implications for real-time thermal volcano monitoring. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 7985-8003.
48. Harris, A., Dehn, J. & Calvari, S. 2007. Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review. Bulletin of Volcanology, 70, 1-22.
49. Harris, A., Favalli, M., Wright, R. & Garbeil, H. 2011. Hazard assessment at Mount Etna using a hybrid lava flow inundation model and satellite-based land classification. Natural Hazards, 58, 1001-1027.
50. Hazlett, R. W. 1987. Geology of the San Cristobal volcanic complex, Nicaragua. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 33, 223-230.
51. Heilprin, A. 1903. Mont Pelée and the Tragedy of Martinique; a Study of the Great Catastrophes of 1902, with Observations and Experiences in the Field. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA.
52. Hirn, B., Di Bartolla, C. & Ferrucci, F. 2005. Automated, multi-payload, high_resolution temperature mapping and instant lava effusion rate determination at erupting volcanoes. Proceedings Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005, IEEE International, 25-29 July, 7, 5056-5059.
53. Hirn, B., Di Bartola, C., Laneve, G., Cadau, E. & Ferrucci, F. 2008. SEVIRI onboard Meteosat second generation, and the quantitative monitoring of effusive volcanoes in Europe and Africa. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008, 3, 374-377.
54. Huston, W. B. &Press, H. 1965. Nimbus I flight. NASA Technical Report, Goddard Space Flight Center. Document ID 19660002842.
55. HVO 2012. Modvolc, http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/ (accessed 20 September 2012).
56. Jensen, J. R. 2000. Remote Sensing of the Environment An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
57. Jitsufuchi, T. 2010. Development of a new airborne hyperspectral imager for volcano observations. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 25-30 July 2010. IEEE International, Conference Publications, New York, 657-660, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1109/IGARSS.2010.5650403
58. Justice,C. O., Giglio,L.etal. 2002.TheMODISfire products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 244-262.
59. Kaufman, Y. J., Justice, C. et al. 1998a. Monitoring global fires from EOS MODIS. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 32215-32239.
60. Kaufman, Y. J., Kleidman, R. G. & King, M. D. 1998b. SCAR-B fires in the tropics: properties and remote sensing from EOS-MODIS. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, D24, 31955.
61. Kaneko, T., Yasuda, A., Ishimaru, T., Takagi, M., Wooster, M. J. & Kagiyama, T. 2002. Satellite hot spot monitoring of Japanese volcanoes: a prototype AVHRR-based system. Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Modelling, 1, 125-133.
62. Kaneko, T., Yasuda, A., Aoki, Y., Kajiwara, K. & Kitagawa, S. 2010. Realtime monitoring of active volcanoes in East Asia using MODIS and MTSAT data and its advancement by GCOM-C1 SGLI. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, 38, Part 8, Kyoto, Japan.
63. Kervyn, M., Harris, A., Mbede, E., Belton, F., Jacobs, P. & Ernst, G. 2006. MODLEN: a semi-automated algorithm for monitoring smallscale thermal activity at Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano, Tanzania. International Association for Mathematical Geology XI International Congress, Université de Liège, Belgium.
64. Kieffer, H. H., Frank, D. & Friedman, J. D. 1981. Thermal infrared surveys at Mount St. Helens-Observations prior to the eruption of May 18. In: Lipman, P. W. & Mullineaux, D. R. (eds) The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. USGS Professional Paper 1250. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
65. Koeppen, W., Pilger, E. & Wright, R. 2011. Time series analysis of infrared satellite data for detecting thermal anomalies: a hybrid approach. Bulletin of Volcanology, 73, 577-593.
66. Lee, T. F.&Tag, P. M. 1990. Improved detection of hotspots using the AVHRR 3.7 mm channel. Bulletin of the America Meteorological Society, 71, 1722-1730.
67. Lombardo, V. & Buongiorno, M. F. 2003. Temperature distribution analysis of July 2001 Mt. Etna eruption observed by the airborne hyperspectral sensor MIVIS. Annals of Geophysics, 46, 1217-1228.
68. Lombardo, V. & Buongiorno, M. F. 2006. Lava flow thermal analysis using three infrared bands of remotesensing imagery: a study case from Mount Etna 2001 eruption. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101, 141-149.
69. Lombardo, V., Merucci, L. & Buongiorno,M. F. 2006. Wavelength influence in sub-pixel temperature retrieval using dual-band technique. Annals of Geophysics, 46, 227-234.
70. Masuoka, E., Fleig, A.,Wolfe, R. & Patt, F. 1998. Key Characteristics of MODIS Data Products. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36, 1313-1323.
71. Matson, M.&Dozier, J. 1981. Identification of subresolution high temperature sources using a thermal IR sensor. Photogrammetry Engineering and Remote Sensing, 47, 1311-1318.
72. Matthews, S., Gardeweg, M. & Sparks, R. 1997. The 1984 to 1996 cyclic activity of Lascar Volcano, northern Chile: cycles of dome growth, dome subsidence, degassing and explosive eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59, 72-82.
73. Michael, K., Murphy, K. et al. 2010. Implementation of the Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE). In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 25-30 July 2010. IEEE International, Conference Publications, New York, 1442-1445, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650534
74. Morisette, J. T., Giglio, L., Csiszar, I.&Justice, C. O. 2005. Validation of the MODIS active fire product over Southern Africa with ASTER data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 4239-4264.
75. Murphy, S. M., de Souza Filho, C. R. & Oppenheimer, C. 2011. Monitoring volcanic thermal anomalies from space: size matters. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 203, 48-61.
76. Nadon, Z. L. & Chilar, J. 2000. Satellite-based detection of Canadian boreal forest fires: development and application of the algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 3057-3069.
77. NASA n.d.a. MODIS specifications, http://modis.gsfc. nasa.gov/about/specifications.php
78. NOAA n.d.b. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Overview. http://www.ngdc.noaa. gov/ecosys/cdroms/AVHRR97_d1/avhrr.htm NASA 2011. Suomi NPP Overview. NASA Goddard Space Centre, www.npp.fsfc.nasa.gov/mission_de tails.html
79. NASA 2012. NASA Finalizes Contracts for NOAA's JPSS-1 Mission. Press Release, www.nasa.gov/ centers/goddard/news//releases/2012/12-066.html
80. Oertel, D., Zhukov, B. & Lorenz, E. 2004. BIRD Observation of the Volcano Lascar. Presentation. www.dlr.de/os/forschung/projekte/bird/news/
81. Oertel, D., Lorenz, E., Zhukov, B.&Cziszar, I. 2005. BIRD fire recognition and comparison with Terra/ MODIS.In:Röser, H.-P.,Sandau,R.&Valenzuela,A.(eds) Digest of the 5th International Symposiumof the International Academy of Astronautics, Berlin, 4-8 April, 2005, Small Satellites for Earth Observation, V. Wissenschaft & Technik, Berlin, 23-26.
82. Oppenheimer, C. 1991. Lava flow cooling estimated from Landsat Thematic Mapper Infrared data: the Lonquimay eruption (Chile, 1989). Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 21865-21878.
83. Oppenheimer, C. 1993. Thermal distributions of hot volcanic surfaces constrained using three infrared bands of remote sensing data. Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 431-434.
84. Oppenheimer, C. 1998. Volcanological applications of meteorological satellites. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, 2829-2864.
85. Oppenheimer, C.&Yirgu, G. 2002. Thermal imaging of an active lava lake: Erta 'Ale Volcano, Ethiopia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 4777-4782.
86. Oppenheimer, C., Francis, P. W., Rothery, D. A. & Carlton, R. W. T. 1993. Infrared image analysis of volcanic thermal features: Láscar Volcano, Chile, 1984-1992. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 4269-4286.
87. Pieri, D. & Abrams, M. 2004. ASTER watches the world's volcanoes: a new paradigm for volcanological observations from orbit. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135, 13-28.
88. Pieri, D. & Abrams, M. 2005. ASTER observations of thermal anomalies preceding the April 2003 eruption of Chikurachki Volcano, Kurile Islands, Russia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90, 84-97.
89. Pieri, D. C., Glaze, L. S. & Abrams,M. J. 1990. Thermal radiance observations of an active lava flow during the June 1984 eruption of Mount Etna. Geology, 18, 1018-1022.
90. Piscini, A., Amici, S. & Pieri, D. 2010. Spectral analysis of ASTER and HYPERION data for geological classification of Volcano Teide. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 25-30 July 2010. IEEE International, Conference Publications, New York, 2267-2270, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2010. 5652063
91. Planck,M. 1901. Ueber das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum. Annalen der Physik, 4, 553-563.
92. Prins, E. M., Feltz, J. M., Menzel, W. P. &Ward, D. E. 1998. An overview of GOES-8 diurnal fire and smoke results for SCAR-B and 1995 fire season in South America. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 31821-31835.
93. Puschell, J., Cook, L., Shaham, Y., Makowski, M., Silny, J. & RAYTHEON SPACE AND AIRBORNE SYSTEMS 2008. System engineering studies for advanced geosynchronous remote sensors: some initial thoughts on the 4th generation. In: Ardanuy, P. E. & Puschell, J. J. (eds) Proceedings of SPIE 7087, Remote Sensing System Engineering, San Diego, California, August 25, 2008. 70870G, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.800778
94. Ramsey, M. S. & Dehn, J. 2004. Spaceborne observations of the 2000 Bezymianny, Kamchatka eruption: the integration of high_resolution ASTER data into near real-time monitoring using AVHRR. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135, 127-146.
95. Ramsey, M. S. & Harris, A. J. L. 2012. Volcanology 2020: how will thermal remote sensing of volcanic surface activity evolve over the next decade? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 249, 217-233.
96. REALVOLC 2012. http://vrsserv.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ REALVOLC/ (accessed 25 August 2012).
97. Robinson, J. M. 1991. Fire from space-global fire evaluation using infrared remote-sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 12, 3-24.
98. Rose, S. 2011. Thermal infrared remote sensing of active basaltic volcanoes: a thermal and spectral deconvolution approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
99. Rothery, D. A. 1998. The need for volcano monitoring and the ability to detect activity using emitted short wavelength infrared. In: Guyenne, T. D. & Hunt, J. J. (eds) Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '88. Remote Sensing: Moving Toward the 21st Century, 12-16 September 1988. European Space Agency, Paris, 369-372, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS. 1988.570137
100. Rothery, D. A., Francis, P. W. & Wood, C. A. 1988. Volcano monitoring using short wavelength infrared data from satellites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 7993-8008.
101. Salisbury, J. W. & D'Aria, D. M. 1994. Emissivity of terrestrial materials in the 3-5 mm atmospheric window. Remote Sensing of Environment, 47, 345-361.
102. Schmit, T., Gunshor, M., Menzel, P., Gurka, J., Lie, J. & Bachmeiere, S. 2005. Introducing the next generation advanced baseline imager on GOES_R. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 86, 1079-1096.
103. Shaw, H. R. & Swanson, D. A. 1970. Eruption and flow rates of flood basalts. In: Proceedings 2nd Columbia River Basalt Symposium. E. Washington State College Press, Cheney, WA, 271-299.
104. Shephard, M. W. & Kennelly, E. J. 2003. Effect of band-to-band coregistration on fire property retrievals. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 2003.
105. Shimozuru, D. 1971. Observation of volcanic eruption by an infrared radiation meter. Nature, 234, 454-459.
106. Shinohara, H., Giggenbach, W., Kazahaya, K. & Hedenquist, J. W. 1993. Geochemistry of volcanic gases and hot springs of Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan. Geochemistry Journal, 27, 271-285.
107. Solikhin, A., Thouret, J., Gupta, A., Harris, A. & Liew, S. 2012. Geology, tectonics, and the 2002- 2003 eruption of the Semeru Volcano, Indonesia: interpreted from high-spatial resolution satellite imagery. Geomorphology, 138, 1, 364-379.
108. Stefan, J. 1879. Über die Beziehung zwischen der Wärmestrahlung und der Temperatur. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 79, 391-428.
109. Steffke, A. & Harris, A. 2011. A review of algorithms for detecting volcanic hot spots in satellite infrared data. Bulletin of Volcanology, 73, 1109-1137.
110. Takahashi, M. 2012. Status of Next Generation Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites Himawari-8/ 9 and Their Products. NOAS Satellite Science Week, GOES_R Algorithm Working Group, Kansas City, MO, 30 Apr-4 May.
111. Tallarico, A. & Dragoni, M. 1999. Viscous Newtonian laminar flow in a rectangular channel: application to Etna lava flows. Bulletin of Volcanology, 61, 40-47.
112. Tassi, F., Aguilera, F. et al. 2009. The magmatic- and hydrothermal-dominated fumarolic system at the Active Crater of Lascar Volcano, northern Chile. Bulletin of Volcanology, 71, 171-183.
113. Thome, K., Palluconi, F., Takashima, T. & Masuda, K. 1998. Atmospheric correction of ASTER. IEEE T Geosci Remote, 36, 1199-1211.
114. Tramutoli, V. 1998. Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) for Environmental Monitoring: theory and applications. EUROPTO Conference on Remote Sensing for Geology, Land Management, and Cultural Heritage III, Barcelona, September 1998. Proc. SPIE, 3496.
115. Trenkle, T. & Driggers, P. 2011. Joint polar satellite system. In: Meynart, R., Neeck, S. & Shimoda, H. (eds) Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XV. Proc. SPIE, 8176.
116. Urai, M. 2002. Heat discharge estimation using satellite remote sensing data on the Iwodake Volcano in Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan. Earth Planets Space, 54, 211-216.
117. Urai, M. & Ishizuka, Y. 2011. Advantages and challenges of space-borne remote sensing for Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): the 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak on Matua Island, Kuril Islands, Russia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 208, 163-168.
118. Van Manen, S. M., Blake, S. & Dehn, J. 2011. A near real-time dual-band-spatial approach to determine the source of increased radiance from closely spaced active volcanoes in coarse resolution satellite data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32, 6055-6069.
119. Vaughan, R. G. & Hook, S. J. 2006. Using satellite data to characterize the temporal behavior of an active volcano: Mount St. Helens, WA. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L20303, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1029/2006GL027957
120. Vaughan, R., Kervyn,M., Realmuto, V., Abrams,M.& Hook, S. 2008. Satellite measurements of recent volcanic activity at Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 173, 196-206.
121. Vaughan, R. G., Keszthelyia, L. P., Davies, A. G., Schneider, D. J., Jaworowski, C. & Heasler, H. 2010. Exploring the limits of identifying sub-pixel thermal features using ASTER TIR data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 189, 225-237.
122. Vicari, A., Bilotta, G. et al. 2011. LAV@HAZARD: a web-GIS interface for volcanic hazard assessment. Annals of Geophysics, 54, 662-670, http://dx.doi. org/10.4401/ag-5347
123. Webley, P. W.,Wooster, M. J. et al. 2008. Experiences from real-time satellite-based volcano monitoring in central America: case studies at Fuego, Guatemala. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 6618-6644.
124. Webley, P. W., Dehn, J., Lovick, J., Dean, K. G., Bailey, J. E. & Valcic, L. 2009. Near Real Time Volcanic Ash Cloud Detection: experiences from the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research: Special Issue on Volcanic Ash Clouds, 186, 79-90.
125. Webley, P. W., Lopez, T. M. et al. 2012. Remote observations of eruptive clouds and surface thermal activity during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.023
126. Wessels, R., Senyukov, S., Tranbenkova, A., Ramsey, M. & Schenider, D. 2004. Detecting small geothermal features at Northern Pacific volcanoes with ASTER thermal infrared data. (Abstract). American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 13-17 December 2004.
127. Wien, W. 1896. Uber die Energieverteilung in Emissionspektrum eines schwarzen Korpers. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 58, 662-669.
128. Williams, R. S. Jr., Friedman, J. D., Thórarinsson, S., Sigurgeirsson, T. & Pálmason, G. 1968. Analysis of 1966 infrared imagery of Surtsey, Iceland. Surtsey Research Progress Report IV, 177-191.
129. Wooster, M. 2007. Remote sensing: sensors and systems. Progress in Physical Geography, 31, 35-100.
130. Wooster, M. J. & Rothery, D. A. 1997. Thermal monitoring of Lascar Volcano, Chile, using infrared data from the along-track scanning radiometer: a 1992- 1995 time series. Bulletin of Volcanology, 58, 566-579.
131. Wooster, M. J. & Rothery, D. A. 1999. Volcano surveillance using shortwave infrared thermal data from the ERS along track scanning radiometers. ATSR Workshop: Applications of the ERS Along Track Scanning Radiometer, ESRIN, Frascati, 23-25 June 1999.
132. Wooster, M. J. & Rothery, D. A. 2002. A review of volcano surveillance applications using the ATSR instrument series. Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Modelling, 1, 97-123.
133. Wooster, M., Zhukov, B. & Oertel, D. 2003. Fire radiative energy release for quantitative study of biomass burning: derivation from the BIRD experimental satellite and comparison to MODIS fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, 83-107.
134. Wooster, M. J., Roberts, G., Perry, G. L. W. & Kaufman, Y. J. 2005. Retrieval of biomass combustion rates and totals from fire radiative power observations: FRP derivation and calibration relationships between biomass consumption and fire radiative energy release. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D24311, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006318
135. Wright, R. & Flynn, L. P. 2003a. Satellite observations of thermal emission before, during, and after the January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo. Acta Vulcanologica, 15, 67-74.
136. Wright, R. & Flynn, L. P. 2003b. On the retrieval of lava-flow surface temperatures from infrared satellite data. Geology, 31, 893-896.
137. Wright, R. & Flynn, L. P. 2004. A space-based estimate of the volcanic heat flux into the atmosphere during 2001 and 2002. Geology, 32, 189-192.
138. Wright, R. & Pilger, E. 2008a. Satellite observations reveal little inter-annual variability in the radiant flux from the Mount Erebus lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 177, 687-694.
139. Wright, R. & Pilger, E. 2008b. Radiant emission from Earth's sub-aerially erupting volcanoes. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 6443-6466.
140. Wright, R., Rothery, D. A., Blake, S., Harris, A. J. L. & Pieri, D. C. 1999. Simulating the response of the EOS Terra ASTER sensor to high temperature volcanic targets. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1773-1776.
141. Wright, R., Flynn, L., Garbeil, H., Harris, A. & Pilger, E. 2002. Automated volcanic eruption detection using MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 82, 135-155.
142. Wright, R., Flynn, L. P., Garbeil, H., Harris, A. J. L. & Pilger, E. 2004. MODVOLC: near_real-time thermal monitoring of global volcanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135, 29-49.
143. Wright, R., Carn, S. A. & Flynn, L. P. 2005. A satellite chronology of the May-June 2003 eruption of Anatahan Volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 146, 102-116.
144. Wright, R., Garbeil, H. & Harris, A. 2008. Using infrared satellite data to drive a thermo_rheological/stochastic lava flow emplacement model: a method for near_real-time volcanic hazard assessment. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L19307, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1029/2008GL035228
145. Wright, R., Garbeil, H. & Davies, A. G. 2010. Cooling rate of some active lavas determined using an orbital imaging spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 115, B06205, http://dx.doi. org/10.1029/2009JB006536
146. Wright, R., Glaze, L. & Baloga, S. M. 2011. Constraints on determining the eruption style and composition of terrestrial lavas from space. Geology, 39, 1127-1130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32341.1
147. Wyatt, D. D. 1965. Civilian Uses of Aerospace by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 134, 11-23.
148. Xiong, X., Chiang, K., Guenther, B. & Barnes, W. L. 2003. MODIS thermal emissive bands calibration algorithm and on-orbit performance. In: Huang, H., Lu, D. & Sasano, Y. (eds) Proceedings of SPIE 4891, Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds III, 23 October 2002, 392-401, http://dx.doi. org/10.1117/12.466083
149. Yamaguchi, Y., Kahle, A. B., Tsu, H., Kawakami, T. & Pniel, M. 1998. Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36, 1062-1071.
150. Zehner, C. (ed.) 2010. Monitoring Volcanic Ash from Space. Proceedings of the ESA-EUMETSAT Workshop on the 14 April to 23 May 2010 Eruption at the Eyjafjoll Volcano, South Iceland, Frascati, 26-27 May 2010. ESA-Publication STM-280, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5270/atmch-10-01
151. Zhukov, B., Briess, K., Lorenz, E., Oertel, D. & Skrbek, W. 2005. Detection and analysis of high temperature events in the BIRD mission. Acta Astronomica, 56, 61-71.
152. Zhukov, B., Lorenz, E., Oertel, D., Wooster, M. & Roberts, G. 2006. Spaceborne detection and characterization of fires during the bi-spectral infrared detection (BIRD) experimental small satellite mission (2001- 2004). Remote Sensing of Environment, 100, 29-51.