Characterization of primary and secondary magnetite in marine sediment by combining chemical and magnetic unmixing techniques

Global and Planetary Change

Volumn 110, Issue , 2013, Pages 321-339

  Ludwig, P ^a   Egli, R ^b   Bishop, S ^a   Chernenko, V ^a   Frederichs, T ^c   Rugel, G ^d   Merchel, S ^d   Orgeira, M J ^e  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b ZAMG Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie und Geodynamik   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^d INSTITUTE OF ION BEAM PHYSICS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Citrate bicarbonate dithionite extraction; First order reversal curve; Magnetotactic bacteria and magnetofossils; Pelagic carbonates; Primary and secondary magnetic minerals; Supernova explosion signatures

Indexed keywords

FIRST-ORDER REVERSAL CURVES; MAGNETIC MINERALS; MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; PELAGIC CARBONATES; SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION;

CHEMICAL DETECTION; EXTRACTION; IRON OXIDES; MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; MAGNETIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; MAGNETISM; MINERALS; NUMERICAL METHODS; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY;

SEDIMENTS;

BACTERIUM; BICARBONATE; CARBONATE; DILUTION; EXPLOSION; IRON OXIDE; MAGNETITE; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MINERAL; OPTIMIZATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84888839097     PISSN: 09218181     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.08.018     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Abrajevitch A., Kodama K. Biochemical vs. detrital mechanism of remanence acquisition in marine carbonates: a lesson from the K-T boundary interval. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 286:269-277. 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.035.
2. Abrajevitch A., Kodama K. Diagnenetic sensitivity of paleoenvironmental proxies: a rock magnetic study of Australian continental margin sediments. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2011, 12:Q05Z24. 10.1029/2010GC003481.
3. Bazylinski D., Frankel R. Magnetosome formation in prokaryotes. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2004, 2:217-230. 10.1038/nrmicro842.
4. Billeaud L., Lewis Pratson E., Broglia C., Lyle M., Dadey K. Data report: geochemical logging results from three lithospheric plates; Cocos, Nazca, and Pacific: Leg 138, sites 844 through 852. Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 1995, 138:857-884.
5. Bishop S., Egli R. Discovery prospects for a supernova signature of biogenic origin. Icarus 2011, 212:960-962. 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.02.003.
6. Canfield D. Reactive iron in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53:619-632. 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90005-7.
7. Carvallo C., Dunlop D., Özdemir Ö. Experimental comparison of FORC and remanent Preisach diagrams. Geophys. J. Int. 2005, 162:747-754. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02688.
8. Chang S.B., Kirschvink J., Stolz J. Biogenic magnetite as a primary remanence carrier in limestone deposits. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1987, 46:289-303. 10.1016/0031-9201(87)90191-9.
9. Chen A., Egli R., Moskowitz B. First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams of natural and cultured biogenic magnetic particles. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B08S90. 10.1029/2006JB004575.
10. Dillon M., Franke C. Diagenetic alteration of natural Fe-Ti oxides identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy and low-temperature magnetic remanence and hysteresis measurements. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2009, 172:141-156. 10.1016/j.pepi.2008.08.003.
11. Dobeneck T.V., Petersen N., Vali H. Bakterielle Magnetofossilien. Geowiss. Unserer Zeit 1987, 5:27-35.
12. Dunin-Borkowski R., McCartney M., Frankel R., Bazylinski D., Pósfai M., Buseck P. Magnetic microstructure of magnetotactic bacteria by electron holography. Science 1998, 282:1868-1870. 10.1126/science.282.5395.1868.
13. c) 1. Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite data. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:2056. 10.1029/2001JB000486.
14. c) 2. Applications to data for rocks, sediments, and soils. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:2057. 10.1029/2001JB000487.
15. Egli R. Analysis of the field dependence of remanent magnetization curves. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2081. 10.1029/2002JB002023.
16. Egli R. Characterization of individual rock magnetic components by analysis of remanence curves, 1. Unmixing natural sediments. Stud. Geophys. Geod. 2004, 48:391-446.
17. Egli R. Theoretical aspects of dipolar interactions and their appearance in first-order reversal curves of thermally activated single-domain particles. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B12S17.
18. Egli R. Theoretical considerations on the anhysteretic remanent magnetization of interacting particles with uniaxial anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B12S18. 10.1029/2006JB004577.
19. Egli R. VARIFORC: an optimized protocol for the calculation of non-regular first-order reversal curves (FORC) diagrams. Global Planet. Chang. 2013, 110:298-316. (in this issue).
20. Egli R., Chen A., Winkelhofer M., Kodama K., Horng C. Detection of noninteracting single domain particles using first-order reveral curve diagrams. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2010, 11:Q01Z11. 10.1029/2009GC002916.
21. Erglis K., Wen Q., Ose V., Zeltins A., Sharipo A., Janmey P., Cebers A. Dynamics of magnetotactic bacteria in a rotating magnetic field. Biophys. J. 2007, 93:1402-1412.
22. Esquivel D., Lins de Barros H. Motion of magnetotactic microorganisms. J. Exp. Biol. 1986, 121:153-163.
23. Fabian K. Some additional parameters to estimate domain state from isothermal magnetization measurements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 213:337-345. 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00329-7.
24. Fabian K. Approach to saturation analysis of hysteresis measurements in rock magnetism and evidence for stress dominated magnetic anisotropy in young mid-ocean ridge basalt. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2006, 154:299-307.
25. Fabian K., Dobeneck T. Isothermal magnetization of samples with stable Preisach function: a survey of hysteresis, remanence, and rock magnetic parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:17659-17667.
26. Faivre D., Schüler D. Magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108:4875-4898.
27. Faivre D., Menguy N., Guyor F., Lopez O., Zuddas P. Morphology of nanomagnetite crystals: implications for formation conditions. Am. Mineral. 2005, 90:1793-1800.
28. Feige J., Wallner A., Winkler S., Merchel S., Fifield L., Korschinek G., Rugel G., Breitschwerdt D. The search for supernova-produced radionuclides in terrestrial deep-sea archives. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 2012, 29:109-114. 10.1071/AS11070.
29. 26Al from marine sediments: Prospects for detection of a ~2.8 My old supernova. Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B 2007, 259:351-358.
30. 60Fe in a marine sediment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:121101.
31. Franke C., Dobeneck T.V., Drury M., Meeldijk J. Magnetic petrology of equatorial Atlantic sediments: electron microscopy results and their implications for environmental magnetic interpretation. Paleoceanography 2007, 22:PA4207. 10.1029/2007PA001442.
32. Gehring A., Kind J., Charialou M., García-Rubio I. The detection of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetofossils by means of magnetic anisotropy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2011, 309:113-117.
33. Geiss C., Egli E., Zanner C. Direct estimates of pedogenic magnetite as a tool to reconstruct past climates from buried soils. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B11102.
34. Giosan L., Flood R., Aller R. Paleoceanographic significance of sediment color on western North Atlantic drifts: I. Origin of color. Mar. Geol. 2002, 189:25-41.
35. Hanzlik M. Elektronenmikroskopische und magnetomineralogische Untersuchungen an magnetotaktischen Bakterien des Chiemsees und an bakteriellem Magnetit eisenreduzierender Bakterien 1999, (PhD thesis), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany.
36. Hanzlik M., Winkelhofer M., Petersen N. Pulsed-field-remanence measurements on individual magnetotactic bacteria. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2002, 248:259-267.
37. Harrison R., Feinberg J. FORCinel: an improved algorithm for calculating first-order reversal curve distributions using locally weighted regression smoothing. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q05016. 10.1029/2008GC001987.
38. Heslop D., Dillon M. Unmixing magnetic remanence curves without a priori knowledge. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 170:556-566.
39. Heslop D., Roberts A. A method for unmixing magnetic hysteresis loops. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:B03103. 10.1029/2011JB008859.
40. Hesse P. Evidence for bacterial palaeocological origin of mineral magnetic cycles in oxic and sub-oxic Tasman Sea sediments. Mar. Geol. 1994, 117:1-17.
41. Hunt C., Singer M., Kletetschka G., TenPas J., Verosub K. Effect of citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite treatment on fine-grained magnetite and maghemite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1995, 130:87-94.
42. Itambi A., Dobeneck T., Dekkers M., Frederichs T. Magnetic mineral inventory of equatorial Atlantic Ocean marine sediments off Senegal - glacial and interglacial contrast. Geophys. J. Int. 2010, 183:163-177.
43. Jacobs I., Bean C. An approach to elongated fine-particle magnets. Phys. Rev. 1955, 100:1060-1067.
44. Just J., Heslop D., Von Dobeneck T., Bickert T., Dekkers M., Frederichs T., Meyer T., Zabel M. Multiproxy characterization and budgeting of terrigenous end-members at the NW African continental margin. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2012, 130:Q0AO01.
45. Kind J., Gehring A., Winkelhofer M., Hirt A. Combined use of magnetometry and spectroscopy for identifying magnetofossils in sediments. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2011, 12:Q08008. 10.1029/2011GC003633.
46. King J., Banerjee S., Marvin J., Özdemir Ö. A comparison of different magnetic methods for determining the relative grain size of magnetite in natural materials: some results from lake sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1982, 59:404-419.
47. 60Fe anomaly in a deep-sea manganese crust and implications for a nearby supernova source. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93:17.
48. Kobayashi A., Kirschvink J., Nash C., Kopp R., Sauer D., Bertani L., Voorhout W., Taguchi T. Experimental observation of magnetosome chain collapse in magnetotactic bacteria: sedimentological, paleomagnetic, and evolutionary implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2006, 245:538-550.
49. Kruiver P., Dekkers M., Heslop D. Quantification of magnetic coercivity components by the analysis of acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 189:269-276.
50. Lanci L., Kent D. Introduction of thermal activation in forward modeling of hysteresis loops for single-domain magnetic particles and implications for the interpretation of the Day diagram. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2142. 10.1029/2001JB000944.
51. Lascu I., Banerjee S., Berquó T. Quantifying the concentration of ferrimagnetic particles in sediments using rock magnetic methods. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2010, 11:Q08Z19.
52. Leslie B., Hammond D., Berelson W., Lund S. Diagenesis in anoxic sediments from the California continental borderland and its influence on iron, sulphur, and magnetite behavior. J. Geophys. Res. 1990, 95:4453-4470.
53. Lin W., Pan Y. Uncultivated magnetotactic cocci from Yuandadu Park in Beijing, China. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75:4046-4052. 10.1128/AEM.00247-09.
54. Lins U., McCartney M., Farina M., Frankel R., Buseck P. Habits of magnetosome crystals in coccoid magnetotactic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71:4902-4905.
55. Lovley D., Stolz J., Phillips E. Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism. Nature 1987, 330:252-254.
56. Lyle M., Dadey K., Farrell J. The late Miocene (11-8Ma) Eastern Pacific carbonate crash: evidence for reorganization of deep-water circulation by the closure of the Panama gateway. Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 1995, 138:821-838.
57. Maher B. Magnetic properties of some synthetic sub-micron magnetites. Geophys. J. 1988, 94:83-96.
58. Mayer L., Pisias N., Janecek T., et al. Shipboard scientific party. Site 848. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., College Station, TX, 138 1992, 677-734.
59. Mayergoyz I. Mathematical models of hysteresis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 56:1518-1521.
60. McNeill D., Kirschvink J. Early dolomitization of platform carbonates and the preservation of magnetic polarity. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:7977-7986.
61. Mehra O., Jackson M. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clay Clay Miner. 1958, 7:317-327. 10.1346/CCMN.1958.0070122.
62. Meldrum F., Mann S., Heywood B., Frankel R., Bazylinski D. Electron microscopy study of magnetosomes in two cultured vibrioid. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1993, 251:237-242.
63. Merchel S., Herpers U. An update on radiochemical separation techniques for the determination of long-lived radionuclides via accelerator mass spectrometry. Radiochim. Acta 1999, 84:215-219.
64. Moskowitz B., Frankel R., Bazylinski D., Jannasch H., Lovley D. A comparison of magnetite particles produced anaerobically by magnetotactic and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, 16:665-668.
65. Moskowitz B., Frankel R., Bazylinski D. Rock magnetic criteria for the detection of biogenic magnetite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 120:283-300.
66. Muxworthy A., Dunlop D. First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams for pseudo-single-domain magnetites at high temperature. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 203:369-382.
67. Muxworthy A., Williams W., Virdee D. Effect of magnetostatic interactions on the hysteresis parameters of single-domain and pseudo-single-domain grains. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2517. 10.1029/2003JB002588.
68. Muxworthy A., Heslop D., Williams W. Influence of magnetosotatic interactions on first-order-reversal-curve (FORC) diagrams: a micromagnetic approach. Geophys. J. Int. 2004, 158:888-897.
69. Néel L. Théorie du trainage magnétique des ferromagnétiques en grains fins avec applications aux terres cuites. Annales de Géophysique 1949, 5:99-136.
70. Néel L. Sur les effets d'un couplage entre grains ferromagnétiques doués d'hystérésis. Acad. Sci. Seance 1958, 24.4:2313-2319.
71. Newell A. A high-precision model of first-order reversal curve (FORC) functions for single-domain ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2005, 6:Q05010. 10.1029/GC000877.
72. Newell A. Transition to superparamagnetism in chains of magnetosome crystals. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q11Z08. 10.1029/2009GC002538.
73. Newell A., Merrill R. Single-domain critical sizes for coercivity and remanence. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:617-628.
74. Nogueira F., Lins de Barros G. Study of the motion of magnetotactic bacteria. Eur. Biophys. J. 1995, 245:13-21.
75. Pan X., Petersen N., Davila A., Zhang L., Winkelhofer M., Liu Q., Hanzlik M., Zhu R. The detection of bacterial magnetite in recent sediments of Lake Chiemsee (southern Germany). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 232:109-123.
76. Penninga I., de Waard H., Moskowitz B., Bazylinski D., Frankel R. Remanence measurements on individual magnetotactic bacteria using a pulsed magnetic field. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1995, 149:279-286.
77. Petermann H. Magnetotaktische Bakterien und ihre Magnetosome in Oberflächensedimenten des Südatlantiks 1994, (PhD thesis), University of Bremen, Germany.
78. Petermann H., Bleil U. Detection of live magnetotactic bacteria in South Atlantic deepsea sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 117:223-228.
79. Pike C., Fernandez A. An investigation of magnetic reversal in submicron-scale Co dots using first order reversal curve diagrams. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 85:6668-6676.
80. Pike C., Roberts A., Verosub K. First-order reversal curve diagrams and thermal relaxation effects in magnetic particles. Geophys. J. Int. 2001, 145:721-730.
81. Pisias N., Mayer L., Mix A. Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Neogene: synthesis of Leg 138 drilling results. Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 1995, 138:5-21.
82. Preisach F. Über die magnetische Nachwirkung. Z. Phys. 1935, 94:277-302.
83. Proksch R., Schäffer T., Moskowitz B., Dahlberg E., Bazylinski D., Frankel R. Magnetic force microscopy of the submicron magnetic assembly in a magnetotactic bacterium. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 66:2582-2584. 10.1063/1.113508.
84. Reich M., et al. Formation of cristobalite nanofibers during explosive volcanic eruptions. Geology 2009, 37:435-438.
85. Roberts A., Pike C., Verosub K. First-order reversal curve diagrams: a new tool for characterizing the magnetic properties of natural samples. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:28461-28475.
86. Roberts A., Florindo F., Villa G., Chang L., Jovane L., Bohaty S., Larrasoaña J. Magnetotactic bacterial abundance in pelagic marine environments is limited by organic carbon flux and availability of dissolved iron. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2011, 310:441-452.
87. Roberts A., Chang L., Heslop D., Florindo F., Larrasoaña J. Searching for single domain magnetite in the 'pseudo-single-domain' sedimentary haystack: implications of biogenic magnetite preservation for sediment magnetism and relative paleointensity determinations. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:B08104.
88. Robertson D., France D. Discrimination of remanence-carrying minerals in mixtures, using isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1994, 82:223-234.
89. Sarmiento J., Gruber N. Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics 2006, Princeton University Press, Princeton, (503 pp.).
90. Shcherbakov V., Winklhofer M., Hanzlik M., Petersen N. Elastic stability of chains of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria. Eur. Biophys. J. 1997, 26:319-326.
91. Straub S., Schmincke H. Evaluating the tephra input into Pacific Ocean sediments: distribution in space and time. Geol. Rundsch. 1998, 87:461-476.
92. Vali H., Förster O., Amarantidis G., Petersen N. Magnetotactic bacteria and their magnetofossils in sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1987, 86:389-400.
93. Van Oorschot I., Dekkers M., Havlicek P. Selective dissolution of magnetic iron oxides with the acid-ammonium-oxalate/ferrous-iron extraction technique - II. Natural leass and paleosol samples. Geophys. J. Int. 2002, 149:106-117.
94. Verosub K., Fine P., Singer M., TenPas J. Pedogenesis and paleoclimate: interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility record of Chinese loess - paleosol sequences. Geology 1993, 21:1011-1014.
95. Vidic N., TenPas J., Verosub K., Singer M. Separation of pedogenic and lithogenic components of magnetic susceptibility in the Chinese loess/paleosol sequence as determined by the CBD procedure and a mixing analysis. Geophys. J. Int. 2000, 142:551-562. 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00178.x.
96. Vlag P., Kruiver P., Dekkers M. Evaluating climate change by multivariate statistical techniques on magnetic and chemical properties of marine sediments (Azores region). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2004, 212:23-44. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.015.
97. Wada K., Greenland D. Selective dissolution and differential infrared spectroscopy for characterization of 'amorphous' constituents in soil clays. Clay Miner. 1970, 8:241-254.
98. Watkins S., Maher B. Magnetic characterization of present-day deep-sea sediments and sources in the North Atlantic. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 214:379-394. 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00422-9.
99. Watt S., Pyle D., Mather T., Martin R., Matthews N. Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:B04207. 10.1029/2008JB006219.
100. Yamazaki T. Magnetostatic interactions in deep-sea sediments inferred from first-order reversal curve diagrams: implications for relative paleointensity normalization. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q02005. 10.1029/2007GC001797.
101. Yamazaki T. Environmental magnetism of Pleistocene sediments in the North Pacific and Ontong-Java Plateau: temporal variations of detrital and biogenic components. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q07Z04. 10.1029/2009GC002413.
102. Yamazaki T. Paleoposition of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific inferred from glacial-interglacial changes in terrigenous and biogenic magnetic mineral fractions. Geology 2012, 40:151-154.
103. Yamazaki T., Ikehara M. Origin of magnetic mineral concentration variation in the Southern Ocean. Paleoceanography 2012, 27:PA2206. 10.1029/2011PA002271.
104. Yamazaki T., Solheid P. Maghemite-to-magnetite reduction across the Fe-redox boundary in a sediment core from the Ontong-Java Plateau: influence on relative palaeointensity estimation and environmental magnetic application. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 185:1243-1254.